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吃蔬果解寒凉

(2019-07-03 08:36:34) 下一个

有段时间不上帖了，忙，来此多为分散紧张，休息，解压。其实，看“千年守望”的帖就有这个作用，希望他继续。昨天看到了“有点儿闲”网友的帖子，见下。“有闲”的意思是生的蔬果治乃寒凉之物，吃了可引起腹胀，腹泻。有一患者有此问题，令她水果煮熟吃，则解除了这个问题。该患者吃西瓜，则问题又现。

我根据帖子的信息，结合现有的文献报道，个人认为该患者可能有果糖不耐受症（Fructose malabsorption 或dietary fructose intolerance）。

人处理果糖的能力有一定限度。这种病是因为有些人对果糖吸收能力降低，结果有些果糖进入大肠，给某些产气细菌提供食物，结果造成腹胀。另外，遗留的果糖糖是吸水剂，这是腹泻的原因之一。可见，果糖不耐受和乳糖不耐受的机理类似。

每个人在不同年龄处理果糖和乳糖的能力会变化的，所以年龄大了吃不了太多生水果也不稀奇。解决的办法是，吃含糖少的水果。如果非要吃甜的，也要吃葡萄糖多而果糖少的水果。另外，煮熟后果糖含量降低，这也是个解决办法，“有闲”就采用了这种办法，有效，缺点是加热也使某些维生素被破坏。西瓜果糖远超葡萄糖，所以引发腹胀不稀奇。

中医归纳了一些现象，但由于时代所限，解释不一定合理。如果我们根据现代研究成果加以理解，有可能找出更合理的应对办法和治疗方案。

个人认为，所谓“寒凉“，其本质不是温度，至少部分是指果糖（也可能包括果聚糖或其他成分）的含量。

有此问题的网友选择哪些水果呢？我懒，也忙，从维基抄一段于下以结束此帖。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption

Foods with high fructose content[edit]

According to the USDA database,^[16] foods with more fructose than glucose include:

Food	Fructose (grams / 100 grams)	Glucose (grams / 100 grams)
Sucrose (for reference)	50	50
Apples	5.9	2.4
Pears	6.2	2.8
Fruit juice e.g. Apples, Pears	5–7	2–3
Watermelon	3.4	1.6
Raisins	29.8	27.8
Honey	40.9	35.7
High fructose corn syrup	42–55	45–58
Mango	4.68	2.01
Agave nectar	55.6	12.43
Ginger	1.78	1.22

The USDA food database reveals that many common fruits contain nearly equal amounts of the fructose and glucose, and they do not present problems for those individuals with fructose malabsorption.^[17] Some fruits with a greater ratio of fructose than glucose are apples, pears and watermelon, which contain more than twice as much fructose as glucose. Fructose levels in grapes varies depending on ripeness and variety, where unripe grapes contain more glucose.

Dietary guidelines for management[edit]

Researchers at Monash University in Australia developed dietary guidelines^[15] for managing fructose malabsorption, particularly for individuals with IBS.

Unfavorable foods (i.e. more fructose than glucose)[edit]

Fruit – apple, pear, honeydew melon, nashi pear, pawpaw, papaya, quince, star fruit, watermelon;
Dried fruit – apple, currant, date, fig, pear, raisin, sultana;
Fortified wines
Foods containing added sugars, such as agave nectar, some corn syrups, and fruit juice concentrates.

Favorable foods (i.e. fructose equal to or less than glucose)[edit]

The following list of favorable foods was cited in the paper: "Fructose malabsorption and symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Guidelines for effective dietary management".^[15] The fructose and glucose contents of foods listed on the Australian food standards^[18] would appear to indicate that most of the listed foods have higher fructose levels.