16 道谛 Path Crux

目录 Catalog：16.0 序言 Preface；16.1 极喜地 Bliss Heartland；16.2 离垢地 Leave Filth Heartland；16.3 发光地 Glory Heartland；16.4 焰慧地 Flaming Gnosis Heartland；16.5 难胜地 Onerous Heartland；16.6 现前地 Manifestation Heartland；16.7 远行地 Hike Heartland；16.8 不动地 Immovability Heartland；16.9 善慧地 Benevolent Gnosis Heartland；16.10 法云地 Juristic Cloud Heartland

 

16.0 序言 Preface

道谛讲通往涅槃的道路。尘世人成佛要经历三大阿僧脂劫。脂是脂肪，是动物抗病害、耐寒、越冬的能量储备，古人用其来指标成佛的福德资本。劫是劫跛、跛脚、颠簸义，古人亦作大时。

第一阿僧脂劫是从无始以来，到懂得四圣谛的道理后发菩提心，登上菩萨初地。菩萨是梵语，义为真人。

第二阿僧脂劫是从发菩提心登上菩萨初地至于第七地。这个阶段的行人常常把自己看做补特伽罗。补特伽罗是梵语，义为习气疙瘩，汉译为竹马（如图16.0.1-13、36、37、38），欧洲人亦作独角马（如图16.0.1-35）。

Path Crux talks about the path to salvation. For a mortal to become a Buddha, he or she must go through three A Monk Index Catastrophes.  Catastrophe means lame, and bumpy, ancients also considered it as Big Time.

The first “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is from beginningless time to when one understands the Four Victorious Cruxes, and arouses Bodhicitta, so aboard the first land of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is a Sanskrit word, meaning real human.

The second “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is from arousing Bodhi Heart, aboard the first land of bodhisattva to the seventh land. Migrators at this stage often think of themselves as a Pudgala. Pudgala is a Sanskrit word meaning a chunk of habits, translated in Chinese as Hobbyhorse (see Figs. 16.0-13, 36, 37, and 38),  also used by Europeans as unicorn (see Fig. 35).

第三阿僧脂劫是从七地菩萨发起金钢喻定，出尘，登第八地成为摩诃萨，以至于第十地，尽未来际。金钢喻定，亦作金钢桥，金刚无间道；行者也可以通过阅读 “到达方舟” 来实现这一功能。摩诃萨是梵语，义为大菩萨，大真人。

简单地说，道谛即菩萨以此十地为依为持，修行十渡，断十重障，证十真如，成就无上正等正觉（梵语是啊褥多罗三藐三菩提）。

The third “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is when the Bodhisattva on the seventh land arouses “Philosopher-Stone Metaphor Stillness”, ousting dusts completely, ascends to the eighth land, and becomes a Mahasattva, up to the tenth land, so on to the exhaustion of time. The “Philosopher-Stone Metaphor Stillness”, also known as the “Philosopher-Stone Bridge”, “Philosopher-Stone Non-Intermittent Path”, “The Big Flood”; readers also can do this by reading the “Arrival Ark".  Mahasattva is a Sanskrit word meaning great bodhisattva, great real human.

To put it simply, Path Crux means that the bodhisattva uses these ten lands as the basis for holding, practicing the ten Arks, breaking the ten hindrances, testifying the ten true suchness, and achieving Non-Upper Correct-Equality Correct-Perception, which in Sanskrit is Anuttara Samyak Sambodhi.

 

16.1 极喜地 Bliss Heartland

《成唯识论》中，唐三藏说：具证二空（2），初获圣性（3），发菩提心，能益自他，生大喜，故名极喜地（1）。

注16.1-1，什么是地？大乘教以此类十地总摄有为无为（参见11.6.4节《离系果》）功德以为自性，与所修行为胜依持，令得生长，故名为地。

In "Treatise of Establishing Sense-Only", Tang Tripitaka said: “Having proved the two emptiness-es (2), initially attained the holy nature (3), aroused bodhicitta, can benefit oneself and others, so give rise to great joy, hence the Bliss Heartland (1).

Annotation 16.1-1, What are the ten lands? Mahayana teachings use these ten lands to generally assimilate have-as law and none-as law (see section 11.6.4 Off-is Fruit) fortune virtues as self nature, to be victorious dependence and base for study and cultivation, to have them to be born and grow, hence name lands.

注16.1-2，二空是什么意思？人无我即人空，法无我则法空，合称我法二空。我谓主宰，梵语萨迦耶见，又作转移身见（参见11.4.4.1.4节）。法谓轨持（参见11.1节）。

注16.1-3，什么是圣性？即圣人的性质，即佛性，即上帝的性质，即15.1节讲的正等明，毕竟空，是众生平等的原因。

Annotation 16.1-2, what the two emptiness? The two emptiness is human emptiness and law emptiness. Human being has no I, then human being is empty; law has no I, then law is empty. I mean ego, executive, lord, also known as Seth view, translocation body view (see section 11.4.4.1.4). Law means track, rail (see section 11.1).

Annotation 16.1-3, what is the holy nature? That is, the nature of a sage, God, Buddha, is reason of all sentients’ equality, is nirvana talked in section 15.1, also known as Correct Equality Light, Empty After All.

16.1.1 施渡 Donation Ark

初地菩萨修习施渡。渡，梵语波罗蜜多，欧洲人称作方舟，有六渡和十渡之说。六渡为施渡、戒渡、忍渡、精进渡（或勤渡）、禅渡、慧渡（即般若）。十渡是将慧渡展开为五：慧渡、方便渡、愿渡、力渡、智渡。这十渡是有顺序的，前者能引发后者。

修习十渡从布施开始，因为无意识（神识）只与舍受相应。舍受是平等性，即圣性。施有三种：财施、无畏施、法施。无畏施是以爱语鼓励他人，勇敢地面对困难和窘境。法施是对他人宣说生命之树、四圣谛等生活的道理，人生的艺术。

The first land bodhisattva studies and practices Donation Ark. Ark, Paramita in Sanskrit, is called Ark by Europeans, Chinese calls it Ferry. There are six Arks or ten Arks in total. The six Arks are Donation Ark, Precept Ark, Countenance Ark, Diligently Advance Ark, Meditation Ark, and Gnosis Ark. The ten Arks are unfolding Gnosis Ark into five:  Gnosis Ark, Convenience Ark, Will Ark, Strength Ark, Intelligence Ark. These ten Arks are in sequence, and the former can lead to, trigger to the latter.

The practice of Donation Ark begins with donation because the unconscious (God-sense) only corresponds to Renunciative Acceptance. Renunciative Acceptance is nature of equality, that is, holy nature. There are three types of donations: asset donation, fearlessness donation, and law donation. Fearlessness donation means encouraging others with loving words to face difficulties and adversities bravely. Law donation is to preach Tree of Life and the Four Victorious Cruxes, etc. principles and arts of life.

16.1.2 断异生性障 Severance of Mutant Nature Hindrance

初地菩萨斩断了异生性障。异生性是凡夫性的异名，依其种子烦恼和所知而建立。又烦恼和所知妨碍异生出离其本性，所以亦被称作烦恼障和所知障。

烦恼障即是思烦恼，亦作思惑，如贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑、身见、边见、邪见、见取、戒取等。所知障即是见烦恼，亦作见惑，如身见、边见、邪见、见取、戒取、贪、嗔、痴、慢、疑等。烦恼障和所知障相互依存，成对儿存在，烦恼由所知而被认知，所知由烦恼而有感，所以此二者具有相同的名和数。烦恼障即是愚痴，能障清净，障涅槃。所知障似智非智，能障智，障觉悟，所以也被称作智障。

First land Bodhisattva breaks off the hindrances of mutant nature. Mutant nature is a synonym for mortal nature, is established by its seeds of annoyances and knows. Annoyances and knows hinder mortals from departing from their own natures, so the two are also called the annoyance hindrance and know hindrance.

Annoyance hindrances are mean annoyances, also known as mean muddles, such as greed, irritation, ignorance, arrogance, suspicion, Seth view, edge view, heresy, view fetch, precept fetch, and so on. Know hindrances are view annoyances, also known as view muddles, such as Seth view, edge view, heresy, view fetch, precept fetch, greed, irritation, ignorance, arrogance, suspicion, etc. Annoyance and know hindrances are interdependent and pairs; Annoyance is recognized by know and know is felt by annoyance, so the two have the same numbers and names. Annoyance hindrances are foolishness, ignorance, which can hinder quietness and nirvana. The know hindrance is like intelligence but not intelligence, and can obstruct intelligence and enlightenment, so it is also called the intelligence hindrance.

初地菩萨体证了人空和法空，见道破除了无明黑暗。无明黑暗即根本烦恼中的痴（参见11.4.4.1.4节），即愚蠢无知，即当知未知。菩萨懂得身见、边见、和邪见后，这些所知障就被消灭了。所知障和烦恼障相互依存，当112位根本见惑（参见集谛的13.3.2节）被消灭后，烦恼障亦被消灭或削弱。由此说一地菩萨断异生性障，获得了真人或圣人的性质。

道谛十地中的十重烦恼障就是人的十种愚痴。虽然菩萨见道，亦断诸恶趣业果等，而今且说能起烦恼的是根本烦恼，故此说初地菩萨断了如下二愚及彼粗重。（一）执着我法愚，即此中异生性障。（二）恶趣杂染愚，即如地狱趣、畜生趣、恶鬼趣等恶趣业果。

First land Bodhisattva proved human empty and law empty in person. Seeing path breaks the darkness of ignorance. The darkness of ignorance is the ignorance (aka. non-light) in fundamental annoyances (see section 11.4.4.1.4), means fool, unknowing which should be known. When a bodhisattva understands Seth views, edge views, and heresies, these Know Hindrances are eliminated. Know Hindrances and Annoyance Hindrances are interdependent, and when the 112 positions fundamental View Muddles (i.e., Know Hindrances; see section 13.3.2) are annihilated, the Annoyance Hindrances are also annihilated or weakened. Thus, it is said that the first land Bodhisattvas break off hindrances of mutant nature and gain the real human nature or holy nature.

The ten folds of Annoyance Hindrances in the Path Crux are the ten types of human’s ignorance, fools, idiocies. Although after Bodhisattvas see path, they also severed those ferocious interests, now we say that what cause annoyances are the fundamental annoyances, therefore we say, the first land Bodhisattva has cut off the following two kinds of fools and their Rough and Heavy. (1) Fool of I obsession, that is the said Mutant Nature Hindrances.  (2) Fool of ferocious interests miscellaneously dyed, such as hell interest, livestock interest, and hungry ghost interest, etc. ferocious interests, and karmic fruits.

读者当知，所有的痴或无明总说为愚。见道后，愚痴被斩了头，但其根或种子犹在。无堪任性，非现行种，却仍然引起身心沉重，故名其为粗重。例如，入二禅（参见12.2节）断了苦根，所断苦根不现行，非现种而名粗重。

Readers should know that all idiocies, ignorance, non-light are generally called fool. After seeing path, idiot fool’s head is cut off, but its roots or seeds are still there. Those are not qualified to perform their duties, seeds that are not presently in performances, but those still cause the heart and body rough heavy, therefore names of Rough and Heavy. For example, entering the second meditation (see section 12.2), bitter roots are cutting off; the broken bitter roots are not presently in performance, not present seeds, hence Rough Heavy.

16.1.3 遍行真如 Omnipresent True Suchness

初地菩萨证得遍行真如。玄奘说，“遍行真如为我法二空所显，无有一法而不在”。

什么是遍行真如？佛是觉义，佛学研究现时的感知。读者可从肉体和外部世界都是心的投射来理解，所以心是一切的依托，法与非法与心同在，过去现在与未来亦复如是。既然这样，玄奘法师为什么还要说“我法二空所显”？因为世间人看到的世界是经过前意识渲染了质和量的世界，并非真如。

First land Bodhisattva testifies and gains Omnipresent True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka says, “Omnipresent True Suchness manifests when I and Law are empty. No one law does not exist”.

What is the Omnipresent True Suchness? Buddha means perception, and Buddhism studies the contemporary mind (heart). Readers can understand from the fact that the body and the external world are both projections of the heart, so the heart is the support of everything. Laws and illegalities coexist with the heart, and so are the past, present and future. Thus, why does Tang Tripitaka still say, "Omnipresent True Suchness manifests when I and Law are empty "? Because the world that mundane people see is a world in which quality and quantity are rendered by the preconscious, and it is not the true suchness.

 

16.2 离垢地 Leaving-Filth Heartland

离垢义为离开秽土（如图16.2-34），去往中土（如图33）。土是身土，义为身体的感觉。唐三藏说，“俱净桫椤，远离能起微细毁犯烦恼垢，故名离垢地”。

桫椤一词源于意大利语桫鲁·法索椤，是一种棕榈树（如图35、37），亦作断头树。据说，如果这种棕榈树的头被砍掉了，就死了，它不能从根部或枝干上发出新枝芽。佛教用此树比喻若人违犯了根本十戒（参见第13.1节），就断送了慧命，得不到解脱了。所以 “俱净桫椤” 义为具有了全部戒法。唐三藏是从离垢的原因来定义离垢地的；而且说明了离垢的原因是具足净戒。

Leaving Filth means leaving the filthy soil (see Fig. 16.2-34 Maculate Soil), going to the middle earth (see fig. 33, Immaculate Soil). Soil means bodily soil, means flesh body feelings. Tang Tripitaka said, “fully possessing immaculate Sal Fasullo, leaving afar from delicate annoyances of transgressions, hence the Leaving Filth Land is named”.

Sal Fasullo comes from the Italian, is a kind of palm tree (Figures 35 and 37), also called Guillotine Tree. It is said that if the head of this palm tree is cut off, it will die, it can not develop new shoots from the roots or trunk. Buddhism uses this tree as a metaphor that if a person violates the Ten Fundamental Precepts (cf. section 13.1), his or her gnostic life is ruined, can not achieve liberation for his whole life. Therefore, “fully possessing immaculate Sal Fasullo” means possessing all the precepts. Tang Tripitaka defined the Leaving Filth Heartland based on the cause of Leaving Filth is “fully possessing the whole set of immaculate precepts”.

16.2.1 戒渡 Precept Ark

菩萨二地是修习俱足净戒的圆满位。俱足净戒就是戒渡，又名人神契约，约柜（如图37、40、41、42），俗称天条，可分为三部分，如图35和37，桫椤树的三枝所示：男戒，女戒，和18神佛不共法（参见15.1.3节）。男人的俱足净戒名为三千威仪八万四千细行。其计算方法如下：

1. 男戒，亦作黄金甲（如图28是身着黄金甲的特拉洛克），共有250条，乘以4威仪，结果是1000。威仪，亦作威仪路，是心神之所履，其本义是整齐细密格式。如插图39中埃及夏娃身穿的黄金铠甲。四威仪：立如松、坐如钟、卧如弓、走路一阵风。

The second land of Bodhisattva is the perfect fulfilment position for fully possessing the whole set of immaculate precepts. The complete precepts are Precept Ark, also known as the contract between humans and God, Covenant Ark (see Figures 37, 40, 41, and 42), commonly known as the Heavenly Clauses, which can be divided into three parts, as shown in Figures 35 and 37, the three branches of the palm tree: man’s precepts, woman’s precepts, and the 18 God Buddha Uncommon Laws (cf. section 15.1.3). A man's “Fully Possessing Immaculate Precepts” are called “3,000 Majesties 84,000 Enchantments”. The calculation method is as follows:

1. Man’s precepts, also known as golden armor (fig. 28 shows Tlaloc wearing golden armor), have 250 clauses in total, multiplied by 4 Majesties, the result is 1,000. Majesty, also known as the Majesty Road, is “heart God” travelling on; its original meaning is motif, is the neat pattern. Such as the golden armor worn by Eve in Egypt in Illustration 39. The sayings of four majesties are such as, standing like a pine tree, sitting like a bell, lying down like a bow, and walking like a breeze.

2. 上面的结果在经历3世，过去、现在、和未来，就得出了3000威仪。怎么把过去和未来都算在了一起？无意识唯是现量，没有顺序性或时间性；或说无意识（即神识）超时空。

3. 再经历身口七枝，结果是21000。这七枝是根本十戒（参见第13.1节）中的前七条，杀、盗、淫、妄语、恶口、绮语、两舌，不包括后面的三条 “意戒” ，因为无意识（神识）只处理现量，前意识唯是非量。

2.  The above results after experiencing 3 generations, past, present, and future, the results are 3,000 Majesties. How does it include the past and the future together? Unconsciousness (God-sense) only processes present quantity, without sequence or time nature; in other words, Unconsciousness transcends time and space.

3. After experiencing the seven branches of body and mouth, the result is 21,000. These seven branches are the first seven of the ten fundamental precepts (see Section 13.1), including killing, stealing, sexual conduction, delusional speech, flowery speech, ferocious speech, and two-tongue. It does not include the three “intentional precepts”, because unconsciousness (i.e., God-sense) only processes present quantities (cf. section 11.4.5), and preconsciousness is only non-quantities.

4. 再经历贪、嗔、痴、和等分，就有了84000细行。什么是等分？是法四分（参见11.1节）中的第四分，是纯净的无意识。无意识是自主的神经系统，它以自有的方式，在现实生活中提取出了 “净戒” ，比如，当一个人遇见女神的时候，无意识自己会很快地从女神学到很多。另外，法的第四分不断地核实第三分。

女人的俱足净戒又名黄金甲、女人皮、五百威仪十万八千魅力，共有350条款，约进成为500威仪。其十万八千魅力的计算方法与男戒相同，就有了117600，舍掉不适用的部分，约出成为了108000魅力。

另外，女戒比男戒多出来的部分称作戒香。具足净戒的象征物是桫椤树（棕榈树），和戒环，例如戒指，如图36。

4. Again, passing through greed, irritation, ignorance, and equality quadrant, the result is 84,000 Enchantments. What is the equality quadrant? It is the fourth quadrant of the four juristic quadrants (cf. section 11.1), is immaculate unconsciousness. Unconsciousness is an autonomous nervous system. In its own way, it extracts the "immaculate precepts" in real life. For example, when a person meets a goddess, his or her unconsciousness can quickly learn a lot from the goddess. In addition, the fourth quadrant constantly verifies the third quadrant.

A woman's “fully possessing immaculate precepts” are also known as golden armor, woman's skins, 500 Majesties 108,000 Charms, have 350 clauses in total, round in as 500 Majesties. The calculation method of its 108,000 charms is the same as that of men's precepts, so the number is 117,600. After discarding the inapplicable parts, it is rounded out as 108,000 Charms.

In addition, the extra part of a woman’s precepts than a man’s precepts are called Precept Incense. Symbols of the “Fully Possessing Immaculate Precepts” are the Sal Fasullo tree (palm tree), and rings, such as a finger ring, as shown in Figure 36.

16.2.2 断邪行障 Severance of Heretical Behavior Hindrance

二地菩萨斩断了邪行障。邪行障，谓所知障中俱生一分及彼所起，误犯三业，彼障二地的极净梭罗，菩萨入二地时便能永断。由斯二地说断二愚及彼粗重。

1. 微细误犯愚，即是此中俱生一分。

2. 种种业趣愚，即彼所起误犯三业，或唯起业不了业愚。

Second land Bodhisattvas cut off heretical behavior hindrance. Saying that among Know Hindrances, the aggregately born First Juristic Quadrants (i.e., Companions) cause people mistakenly transgress three karmas (i.e., bodily habits, orally habits, and intentionally habits); those hinder the “fully possessing immaculate precepts”. When a Bodhisattva enters the second land, he or she will be able to eliminate them forever. Basing on that, we say that the second land Bodhisattvas sever the two fools and their roughs and heavies:

1. Fool of subtly delicate transgressions, those are the aggregately born first juristic quadrants.

2. Fool of many kinds of karmic interests, those are the sponsors for three karmic transgressions. Or fool of creating karmas and not cleaning them off.

为什么说菩萨入二地便能永断邪行，具足净戒？因为菩提心能摄具足净戒。总说佛教戒律可分为三种：摄律仪戒，摄善法戒，饶益有情戒。

1. 摄律仪戒，谓远离所应离法，与菩提心誓言的 “烦恼无尽誓愿断” 一句相应。

2. 摄善法戒，谓正修证应修证法，与菩提心戒的 “法门无量誓愿学，佛道无上誓愿成” 二句相应。

3. 饶益有情戒，亦名摄众生戒，谓利乐一切有情，与菩提心戒的 “众生无边誓愿度” 一句相应。

如是，菩提心能总摄一切戒法。

Why is it said that when a Bodhisattva enters the second land, he or can permanently put an end to evil behaviors and “fully possessed immaculate precepts”? Because Bodhicitta can assimilate all immaculate precepts, the one ring controls all other rings. Generally, to say all Buddhist precepts, are the Three Assimilating Immaculate Precepts:

1. Assimilating Disciplines and Rituals Precepts, that leaving all laws should be left. This clause corresponds to the sentence “Annoyances are endless, I vow I sever them all” in Bodhicitta Oath.

2. Assimilating Benevolent Laws Precepts, that to correctly cultivate and testify all laws should be cultivated and testified. This clause corresponds to two sentences “Juristic doors are limitless; I vow I study them all”, and “Buddha’s path is non-upper; I vow I endeavour to succeed” in Bodhicitta Oath.

3. Prosperously Benefit Sentients Precepts, also known as Assimilating Crowds Sentients Precepts, that is to benefit and please all sentients. This clause corresponds to the sentence “sentient beings are edgeless, I vow, I ferry them all” in Bodhicitta Oath.

Thus, Bodhicitta can assimilate all precepts.

16.2.3 最胜真如 Upmost Victorious True Suchness

玄奘说，“二地菩萨证得最胜真如，于一切法中最为胜故”。

Tang Tripitaka said, "The second land Bodhisattvas testify and gain the Upmost Victorious True Suchness, which is the most superior among all laws".

16.2.4 开约柜 Opening Covenant Ark.

作者我少年时，看过一篇中国政府审查佛教的报告。1950年代，新中国成立的时候，政府委托中国佛学会对佛教进行审查。写这篇报告的和尚说：“我们请北京故宫博物院的同志帮我们打开了约柜。里面有所有以前打开约柜的记录，记录了什么时间，谁打开了约柜，都做了什么。”

Author When I was a teenager, I read a report on the Chinese government’s censorship of Buddhism. In the 1950s, when New China was founded, the government commissioned the Buddhist Society of China to censor Buddhism. The monk who wrote the report said: "We asked comrades from the Palace Museum in Beijing to help us open the Ark of the Covenant. It contains all the records of previous openings, recording the time, who opened the chest, and what they did."

报告说，我们发现男戒250条和女戒的350条都在里面，并不像古代佛经中说的那样， “由于保管不善，一些戒条丢失了” 。还发现了两条有争议的戒律， “皇（王）室成员是从虱卵虮子出生的，秽血；富有而吝啬的家庭成员是从湿气出生的，泥血” 。后来蒙藏工作委员会的同志们，他们负责蒙古、青海、和西藏地区的300位男女转世活佛的灵魂转世工作，说， “这两条与挑选转世灵童相关，人们不喜欢那两种人，若从那两种家庭选取转世灵童，那活佛造不出来，肯定失败！”

报告最后声明，他们没有改变任何戒律条款。释迦摩尼说过：不准对佛教以外的人展示佛教的戒律。他们决定仍然沿袭这个传统，把那十几条戒律锁回约柜，而已经在社会上广泛流通的戒律，可以展示给任何人看。

The report said that we found that 250 male precepts and 350 female precepts were all inside. It was not like what the ancient Buddhist scriptures said, "some of the precepts were lost due to poor storage”. Two controversial precepts were also discovered: "Members of the royal family are born from lice eggs, filthy blood; members of the rich and stingy family are born from moisture, mud blood”. Later, comrades of the Mongolian and Tibetan Working Committee, who were responsible for the soul reincarnation works of 300 male and female reincarnated living Buddhas in Mongolia, Qinghai, and Tibet, said, "These two clauses are related to the selection of Gold Boys (reincarnated soul boys; baby Adam). People do not like those two kinds of people. If you choose a reincarnated soul boy from those two families, you will not be able to create a living Buddha, fail!"

The report concluded by stating that they had not changed any of the commandments. Shakyamuni said: It is not allowed to show Buddhist precepts to non-Buddhists. They decided to still follow this tradition and lock the dozen precepts back to the Ark of the Covenant. The precepts were already widely circulated in society and could be displayed to anyone.

 

 

16.3 发光地 Glory Heartland

唐三藏说：“成就胜定大法总持，能发无边妙慧光，故名发光地。” 本小节讨论定。在佛教的百法（参见第11章）中，只有念、定、和慧（智）可以持心，所以大部分佛的教导以此三法中的一法结束。定义为主观和客观相应而动的身心稳定状态，亦名一心。基于从见道到成佛的过程，玄奘法师把所有胜定归类成了四种：贤守定，集福王定，健行定，和大乘光明定。

Tang Tripitaka said: “Establishment of victorious-stillness great-law generally-hold, can emit edge-less wonderful gnostic light, hence the Glory Heartland.” The section discusses Stillness. Among all 100 laws of Buddhism (cf. chapter 11), only Spell, Stillness, and Gnosis (a type of intelligence) can hold heart (i.e., mind), so most of the Buddha's teachings end with one of these three laws. Stillness means a stable state of heart and body, in which the subjective and the objective change correspondingly, also known as One Heart.  Based on the process from seeing path to Buddhahood, Tang Tripitaka categorized all the victorious stillness into four:  Sagely Hold Stillness, Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, Vigorously Practice Stillness, and Mahayana Light Stillness.

1. 贤守定，谓此能守世间出世间贤善法故。插图16.3是古埃及的浮雕，用五幅图表达了 “贤守定” 的概念。图1和5是众生之母夏娃，头顶的三朵莲花象征着上帝三合和（上帝、亚当、和夏娃）。中间的三幅图表示她从见道到成佛的过程。多数的雕塑中，古埃及人用 “给孩子孩子亚伯喂奶” 来表示她是夏娃，但这浮雕中用乳房长在了胳肢窝来表示她是夏娃，因为古埃及人要用夏娃的双手来向观众展示一个重要的概念， “贤守” 。如图1至5，五位夏娃都是一个 “持着” 的姿势。

夏娃一直都端着的是什么东西？上面的容器显示了瓶子里的内容，左边瓶子里装着夏娃写的《生命之书》的全部知识，右边瓶子里装着亚当写的《死亡之书》的全部知识。这两本书就是古埃及宗教的全部教法。综合五幅浮雕，古埃及人表达：知识如水，贤守定如器，可以执持全部的知识之水。

对于佛教徒来说，贤守定要求修习者，无论懂不懂，要记住四胜谛的全部内容。四胜谛就是佛教的全部教法。

1. Sagely Hold Stillness, saying that this can hold mundane and transcending mundaneness all sagely benevolent laws. Illustration 16.3 is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief that expresses the concept of "Sagely Hold Stillness" in five panels. Figures 1 and 5 show enlightened Eve, with the three lotus flowers above her head symbolizing the godly trinity (God, Adam, and Eve). The three figures in the center represent her journey from Seeing Path to becoming a Buddha. In most sculptures, the ancient Egyptians by “breast feeding child Abel” to show that she is Eve, but this relief uses a breast growing in the armpit to show that she is Eve, because the ancient Egyptians wanted to use her hands to show viewers an important concept: "Sagely Hold Stillness". As shown in Figures 1 through 5, all five Eve's are in a "holding" gesture.

What was Eve carrying all the time? The containers above show the contents of the bottles, the bottle on the left contains all the knowledge of the Book of Life written by Eve, and the bottle on the right contains all the knowledge of the Book of Death written by Adam. These two books are the entire teachings of ancient Egyptian religion. Combining the five reliefs, the ancient Egyptians expressed: Knowledge is like water, and “Sagely Hold Stillness” is like a vessel, which can hold all the water of knowledge.

For Buddhists, “Sagely Hold Stillness” requires practitioners, whether they understand it or not, to remember all the contents of the Four Victorious Cruxes, which are the entire teachings of Buddhism.

2. 集福王定，谓此自在集无边福，如王势力无等双。由于夏娃持有四胜谛，总是遇到好运，随着生活，有意无意地就收到了觉悟，获得了知识；如是她收集了许多瓶上进的膏粮（如图4所示）。她头顶有两只箭，代表她仍有贪和嗔，这两个思惑；这也表示她此时已经懂得了四胜谛，已经消灭了八万四千魔军中的见惑（参见14.3节《烦恼的数》），仍有多品思惑需要消除。

2. Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, saying that this can gather edge-less fortune, like a king with unparalleled power. Because Eve held the Four Victorious Cruxes, she always encountered good luck. As she lived, she gained enlightenment and knowledge intentionally or unintentionally. In this way, she collected many bottles of nourishing food (as shown in Figure 4). There are two arrows on her head, which means that she still has greed and irritation, the two Mean Muddles; it also means that she had understood the Four Victorious Cruxes at this time and had eliminated all the View Muddles in the 84,000 demon armies (see Section 14.3 Number of Annoyances), there are still many grades Mean Muddles that need to be eliminated.

3. 健行定，谓菩萨大健有情之所行。埃及夏娃勇敢地挑战四胜谛，但她常常发现自己错了，向四胜谛投降了，但与此同时，她的头里孕育了一个巨大的莲花蕾，已经被大洪水淹没了（即已经被洗礼了； 如图3中，她的头顶所示）。图2中的莲花代表觉悟。夏娃全身开花，表示她觉悟不断，正处于 “金刚无间道” 。金刚无间道，亦作金刚喻定，大洪水，洗礼、割礼，升天，和出尘，都是对修习大般若舟（即十渡；如图2夏娃的头顶所示）的不同描述。图2中，夏娃口吐莲花，正在与众同修分享修习大般若舟的心得体会。教学相长，夏娃的修习愈发精进。

3. Vigorously Practice Stillness, saying that due to aggregate more and more fortune, Boddhisatva becomes healthy and healthier, which boosted his or her advancement on Boddhisattva’s path. The Egyptian Eve bravely challenged the Four Victorious Cruxes, but she often found that she was wrong and surrendered to the Four Victorious Cruxes. However, at the same time, a huge lotus bud was conceived in her head, which had been submerged by the great flood (i.e., Eve had been baptized; shown above her head in Figure 3). The lotus in Figure 2 represents enlightenment. Eve's whole body blossomed, indicating that she was in “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”. “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”, also known as Philosopher’s Stone Metaphor Stillness, the big flood, baptism, circumcision, escalating to heaven, going out body, and ousting dusts, all are different descriptions of practicing the Greater Arks (i.e., ten Arks; shown on the top of Eve's head in Figure 2). In Figure 2, Eve spits out lotus flowers and is sharing her experience of practicing the Greater Ark with fellow practitioners. The teaching and study were mutual, so Eve's study and practice became more and more advanced.

4. 大乘光明定，谓此能发照了大乘理教行果智光明。图1和5显示夏娃不开花了，全身的皮肤都变得光滑了，修习觉悟的热忱已经褪去了。这时的她已经处于大乘光明定中；乳房从胸前被移到了胳肢窝表示她已经是众生之母了。

4. Mahayana Light Stillness, saying that this can completely illuminate Mahayana’s principles, practices, fruits, and intelligence. Pictures 1 and 5 show that Eve has stopped blooming, her skin has become smooth, and her enthusiasm for practicing Greater Ark has faded. At this time, she was already in the Mahayana light Stillness; her breast was moved from her chest to her armpit, indicating that she was already the mother of all living beings.

?16.3.1 忍渡 Countenance Ark

三地菩萨修习忍渡。学习是一种变成的过程，无忍则不达，所以忍渡被建立了。忍有三种：耐怨害忍、安受苦忍、和谛察法忍。忍以无瞋、精进、审慧、及彼所起三业为性。忍渡亦作八忍地，八中洲，八大金刚，八大人，具体内容参见17.3-9至18节。

Third land Bodhisattvas study and practice Countenance Ark. Learning is a process of becoming, and without countenance one cannot attain, so Countenance Ark is established. There are three types of countenance: countenance with resentment and harm, countenance with accepting bitter, and countenance with observing law. Nature of countenance non-irritation, diligently advance, prudent gnosis, and their aroused three karmas. Countenance Ark, also known as Eight Countenance Lands, Eight Middle Continents, Eight Great Philosopher-Stones, Eight Great Humans, for details, please refer to Section 17.3-9 through 18.

16.3.2 暗钝障 Severance of Gloomily Dullness Hindrance

三地菩萨断除了暗钝障。谓所知障中俱生一分令所闻思修法忘失，彼障三地胜定总持及彼所发殊胜三慧，入三地时便能永断。三慧，即闻、思、修慧。闻慧是从见闻阅读所得的慧，比如从传说故事听而有感，再如读佛经，阅而会义。思慧，自己从思考总结中获得的慧，比如感悟心得。修慧是从自身经历的事物所感悟的慧，是自己感受到了自己修习的成果，比如守戒，修习者很快就感受到：心底无私天地宽。由斯三地说断二愚及彼粗重。

1. 欲贪愚，即是此中能障胜定及修慧者。彼昔多与欲贪俱故名欲贪愚。今得胜定及修所成，彼既永断，欲贪随伏。

2. 圆满闻持总持愚，即是此中能障总持闻思慧者。

Third land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Gloomily Dullness. The saying is that there are First Quadrants aggregately born that cause the people to forget what gnosis they have heard, meant, and cultivated. Those obstacles hinder “Victorious-Stillness Generally-Hold”, will be permanently eliminated when Bodhisattvas enter the Third Land. Hearer Gnosis is gnosis gained from hearing and reading, such as listening to legends, and understanding the meaning of Buddhist scriptures. Mean Gnosis is gnosis gained from thinking, feeling, and summarizing, such as insights. Cultivation Gnosis is gnosis gained from one’s own experiences, from results of one's own practice. Such as observing the precepts, practitioners soon feel that with the selfless as heart, the sky is higher, and the earth is broader. Thus, we say that third land Bodhisattvas cut off the two fools and their roughs and heavies.

1. Fool of Desirably Greed, that is the hindrance, which hinders the Victorious Stillness and cultivated gnosis. In the past, they were often with Desirably Greed as companion, hence Fool of Desirably Greed. Now, Bodhisattvas gained the Victorious Stillness and achievements of cultivations, those are cut off, and Desirably Greed is tamed along.

2. Fool of Perfect Hearer-Hold and Generally-Hold, those are the capable of hindering the general hold on hearer gnosis, mean gnosis, and cultivation gnosis.

16.3.3 胜流真如 Victorious Stream True Suchness

三地菩萨证得胜流真如。玄奘说，此真如所流教法于余教法极为胜故。无意识是神识，是法识，亦作真如识，所以胜流真如义为：所有的宗教中，包括现代哲学、心理学、和社会学，研究神识的教法最值得学习，是圣道流。

另一方面，当意（即前意识）遇到正确与错误，纯净与污染时，它自动地行在正确的道路上，远离污染。如果修习者能证明本教法是世界上所有宗教中最好的，信心会增至100%，修学事半功倍，成功就指日可待了。

Third land Bodhisattvas prove and gain Victorious Stream True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka said: “Teachings flowed out from this True Suchness are extremely victorious to other teachings.” Unconsciousness is God-sense, is juristic sense, also known as True Suchness Sense, therefore, Victorious Stream True Suchness means that teachings of God-sense are the upmost victorious among religions including modern philosophy, psychology, and sociology; the teaching of studying God-sense is the worthiest of learning and is the Holy Path Stream.

On the other hand, when Intent (i.e. preconsciousness) encounters right and wrong, purity and pollution, it automatically migrates on the right path and stays away from pollution. If practitioners can prove that this teaching is the most victorious among all teachings, their confidence will increase to 100%, their practice will be twice the result with half the effort, and success will be just around the corner.

 

 

16.4 焰慧地 Flaming Gnosis Heartland

唐三藏说：“安住最胜菩提分法，烧烦恼薪，慧焰增故名焰慧地。” 菩提分法，又名37品道：四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉枝、和八正道枝。

16.4.0-1 四念住。念，于曾习境，令心明记不忘为性，可以持心，定依为业。（一）身念处，观身（即集谛）不净。（二）受念处，观受（即观苦谛）是苦。（三）心念处，观灭谛无常，观念念生灭，世事流转，无有长久。（四）法念处，观道谛无我。我谓主宰；法谓轨持。

Tang Tripitaka said: “easefully dwelling in the most victorious Enlightenment-Branches laws, burning faggots of annoyances, gnostic flames escalate, hence the name of Flaming Gnosis Heartland.” Enlightenment-Branches Law, also known as 37 grades of path: Four Spells Dwell, Four Correct Diligence, Four God Feet, Five Roots, Five Strengths, Seven Perception Branches, Eight Correct Paths.

16.4.0-1 Four Spell Dwells. Spell, on the once-acquired environment, its nature is to make the heart clearly remember and not forget; its karma is the being depended for Stillness. (1) Body Spell Place, to view body (that is Aggregate Crux, chapter 14) is maculate.  Aggregate Crux is heretical behavior true suchness. (2) Acceptance Spell Place, to view acceptance (that is Bitter Crux, chapter 13) is bitter. (3) Heart Spell Place, to view heart (that is Salvation Crux, chapter 15) is impermanence, to view spell and spells are birth and deaths, affair and affairs are circulating, nothing lasts forever. (4) Law Spell Place, to view Path Crux has no “I”. “I” means lord, Seth View (cf. section 11.4.4.1.4). Law means rail, track (cf. section 11.1).

16.4.0-2 四正勤：（一）未生恶法令不生；（2）已生恶法恒令灭；（三）未生善法令出生；（四）已生善法令增长。

16.4.0-3 四神足，亦名四如意足，谓欲、精进、心、和慧观，此四法像似上帝的四只脚，能通达目的地，无往不至。又，足有基础、根基义。

16.4.0-2 Four Correct Diligence: (1) Ferocious laws that have not been born will not be born; (2) Ferocious laws that have been born will be terminated; (3) Benevolent laws that have not been born will be born; (4) Benevolent laws that have been born will grow prosperously.

16.4.0-3 Four Godly Feet, also known as Four As-Wish Feet, that desire, diligently effort, heart, and view, the four are like God’s four feet, which can reach any destinations. Moreover, feet also mean footings, foundations, roots.

1. 欲如意足，欲于所乐境相，希望为性，勤依为业。欲通于善恶和中性这三种伦理道德性，若对善法起欲，能发正勤，由精进助成善事，如有神助。

2. 精进神足，精进于所修之法，专注一心，不懈地努力，而能如愿满足，如有神助。

3. 心神足，此心义指无所有天（图16-2），亦名微妙本心，常寂光天，涅槃，拯救，毕竟空，正定。而且此心具有无数无量福德。一心一意地做事能引发正定持心。

4. 观神足，此观即慧观，即运用集起的四缘（参见14.1节）来看待事物。结合前心神足，把 “毕竟空” ，即∅，放入集起，集起就变成了 “等起” 。等起就是佛智、神智、佛的世界观、佛教哲学。

1. Desire God Foot, desire is by “arousing hope on laughable environment” as nature, is by “being depended by diligence” as karma. Desire affiliates to benevolent neutral and ferocious moralities, if aroused desire to benevolent laws, can arouse correct diligence. Thus, diligently effort can promote to achieve benevolent affair, like helped by God.

2. Diligently-Effort God Foot, diligently to put efforts to the cultivated law, concentrate with one heart, non-relaxingly endeavour, thus, one can fulfill hope to satisfaction, like helped by God.

3. Heart God Foot, the heart means “No Objectively Have Sky” (see fig. 16-2), also known as “Delicately Wonderful Original Heart”, “Constant Silent Light Sky”, Nirvana, Salvation, Empty After All, Correct Stillness. And the heart has innumerable and inexhaustible fortune and virtue. Doing thing with concentrated one heart and one intention can trigger the Correct Stillness to hold heart.

4. View God Foot, the view means gnostic view, means using the four elements of Aggregate Arousal (cf. section 14.1) to view. Combining with the above clause, putting the “Empty After All”, "∅", into the Aggregate Arousal, then the Aggregate Arousal becomes “Equality Arousal”, which is Buddha Intelligence, God Intelligence, Buddha’s world view, and Buddhist philosophy.

16.4.0-4 五根，是信根、精进根（亦作勤根）、念根、定根、慧根。

1. 信，于实德能，深忍乐欲，心净为性；乐善为业。胜解即是忍，是信的因；乐欲是信的果。信略有三种。（甲）信实有，即于一切实事和道理，深信忍耐可为有。（乙）信有德，即信四胜谛（参见第13至16章）为实，信可为有，信即是有。（丙）信有能，即对于一切世间及出世间的善法，深信自己及他人，只要肯学习，都能获得那些成就。

2. 精进或勤，于善恶的修断事中，勇悍为性；满善为业。精进有五种：（甲）被甲精进，即有势；（乙）加行精进，即有勤；（丙）无下精进，即有勇；（丁）无退精进，即坚猛；（戊）无足精进，即不舍善轭。

16.4.0-4 Five Roots are faith root, diligently effort root, spell root, still root, and gnosis root.

1. Faith, it is ardently tolerant with and desire to factual fortunes and virtues, its nature is heart’s immaculateness, its karma is laughingly to do goods. Resolution is tolerance, is reason for faith; laughingly desire is faith’s fruit. There are three kinds of faith. (A) Faith to factually haves, that is to deeply believe all actualities and principles, and to deeply believe in that tolerances can be haves. (B) Faith to Virtues, that is to believe in that the Four Victorious Cruxes (cf. chapter 13 to 16) are factuality; beliefs can be haves, faith is have. (C) Faith to able, that is to all mundane and transcending mundane benevolent laws, deeply believe in that oneself and other, if willing to study, all can gain those achievements.

2. Diligently Effort Root, on affairs of cultivating benevolent laws and severing ferocious laws, its nature is valiant effort, its karma is to fulfill benevolence.  There are five kinds of diligently advances: (A) armored diligently advance, i.e., having potency; (B) extra effort advance, i.e., having diligence; (C) non-inferior advance, i.e., having bravery; (D) no-retreating advance, i.e., valiant; and (E) unsatiable advance, i.e., not giving up on benevolent juristic traces.

3. 念，即读、咒，于曾习境，令心明记不忘为性，定依为业。

4. 定，于所观境，令心专注不散为性，智依为业。定是身心稳定，主客观相应而动的状态，亦作一心。

5. 慧，于所观境简择为性，断疑为业。慧是解知之心，是一种智；但在某些方面，两者相反，成事之智是智，了事之智是慧。佛教中常用金刚来比喻慧；在英语中，金刚义为哲学家之石。

3. Spell Root, that is, read, curse, on the once-acquired environment, its nature is to make the mind clearly remember and not forget, its karma is the being depended for Stillness.

4. Stillness Root, on being observed environment, its nature is to let heart focus, not be dispersed; its karma is the being depended for Intelligence. Stillness is bodily and mentally stable state, in which subjective and objective change correspondingly; also known as One Heart.

5. Gnosis Root, on being observed environment, its nature is selection, its karma is severing suspicion. Gnosis is the heart of interpreting know, is a kind of intelligence; but in some ways, the two are opposites, the intelligence of establishing affair is intelligence, the intelligence of terminating affair is gnosis. In Buddhism, Vajra is often used as a metaphor for gnosis; in English, Vajra means philosopher's stone.

16.4.0-5 五力，得到了上面的五根之后，就有了这五种力量。（一）信力，信念增长，能破诸疑惑。（二）精进力，精进念增长，能破身心懈怠。（三）念力，念力增长，能破诸邪念，成就出世正念功德。（四）定力，定念增长，能破诸乱想，发诸定。（五）慧力，慧念增长，能遮止三界（图16）见思二惑（参见第14.3节）。

16.4.0-5 Five Strengths, after obtaining the above five roots, one has the five powers. (1) Faith Power, the growth of faith, and the ability to break all doubts. (2) Diligent-Effort Power, spell of diligently-effort grows, can break the slackness of body and heart. (3) Spell Power, Spell Power grows, can break heretical thoughts, and to achieve the correct spells’ fortune and virtue of ousting mundaneness. (4) Still Power grows, can break chaotic thoughts and, and to rouse stillness. (5) Gnostic Power, gnosis grows, can cover up and stop View Muddles and Mean Muddles (cf. section 14.3) of three boundaries (see fig. 16).

16.4.0-6 七觉枝，是修习佛法获得的七种证悟：念觉枝、择法觉枝、精进觉枝、喜觉枝、轻安觉枝、定觉枝、舍觉枝。

1. 念觉枝，此觉悟就是修习者发现了念对人生活的影响很大。意随念行，遂由等流果（参见11.6.2 《等流果》）的聚集而形成人的内心环境，从而形成观待因（即能做因，参见11.6.3 《士用果》）。完备的心境出现了，即定境出现了。其中的念起到了关键的引导作用。

2. 择法觉枝，此觉悟是，智和慧都以拣择为性。

3. 精进觉枝，要获得成功，许多时候精进是必要的，比如钻木取火，关键的时候需要附加额外的工作，否则火不可得。

16.4.0-6 Seven Perception Branches are seven kinds of enlightenment obtained by practicing Buddhism: spell perception branch, Selective-law perception branch, diligently-effort perception branch, light-ease perception branch, stillness perception branch, and renunciation perception branch.

1. Spell Perception Branch, this enlightenment is saying that the person found that intention follows spell, Equal Stream Fruits (cf. 11.6.2 Equal Stream Fruit) flow to intention, and the inner environment of the person is formed. Therefore, “View and treatment” reason (i.e. Able as Reason”; cf. section 11.6.3 Warrior Usage Fruit) is formed. Then a complete state of mind forms, i.e., a Still Environment appears. Among which, spell functions as a key guiding role.

2. Selective-law Perception Branch, the enlightenment is that intelligence and gnosis both have choosing as their nature.

3. Diligently-Effort Perception Branch, to achieve success, diligence and effort is often necessary, such as drilling wood to make fire, at critical times, additional work is required, otherwise fire cannot be obtained.

4. 喜觉枝，喜具有强大力量；同样的，四无量心，即慈、悲、喜、舍，都具有强大的力量。另外，学法修道至于获得利乐处，才算有真正的成就。

5. 轻安觉枝，身体没有粗重的感觉，心情舒畅。轻安以堪任为性，转依为业。

6. 定觉枝，定是一位别境心所有法；于所观境，令心专注不散为性，智依为业。如图16-1至22都可以看作是不同的定境，有那样心与境互动的状态，才有那样的智慧。

7. 舍觉枝，此觉悟义为，因为无意识，亦作神识，只与舍受相应，所以基于毕竟空（即插图16-2）的无为法诞生了，而且修习者体证了无为法是取得幸福和美德的正确道路。尘世之法是有为法，是基于有而建立的法，是基于帝释天（如图16-14）的法，是集法。尘世之人基于有为法，执着于颠倒妄想，沉迷于生老病死的苦海，不得解脱。

4. Delightful Perception Branch, delightfulness has great power; similarly, the four infinite hearts, namely mercifulness, sorrowfulness, delightfulness, and renunciation, all have great power. In addition, when studying laws and cultivating path, true achievement is at benefit and laugh place.

5. Light-Ease Perception Branch, the body does not feel rough and heavy, and heart are easily pleasant; its nature is trustworthy to carry duty, its karma is conversion.

6. Stillness Perception Branch, stillness is a circumstantial heartland law, is by having heart not loose on being observed environment as nature, being depended by intelligence is its karma. As shown in Figure 16-1 to 22, they all can be regarded as different states of stillness. Only with such states of interaction between heart and environment can there be such intelligence and gnosis.

7. Renunciation Perception Branch, this enlightenment is that, because unconsciousness, also known as God-sense, only corresponds to renunciative acceptance, so the None-As Law based on Empty After All (I.e. fig. 16-2) is born, and the practitioner experiences Proving the None-As Law is the correct path to fortune and virtue. Mundane laws are Have-As Laws established on haves, based on Seth-Sky (see Fig. 16-14), and are aggregative laws. Mundane people based on have-as laws, obsessed with upside-down delusions, and indulged in the bitter sea of birth, old age, illness, and death, from which they cannot be liberated.

16.4.0-7 八正道，是基于前面的七种觉悟，悟出的八种人生的正确道路：正见、正思维、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。

1. 正见，区别于邪执倒见：苦谛（参见第13章）是安立真如，集谛（参见第14章）是邪行真如，灭谛（参见第15章）是清净真如，道谛（第16章）是正行真如。

2. 正思维，依四谛的因果理进行思维，参见13.4.3节《十趣因果》。

16.4.0-7 Eight Correct Paths are findings from the previous seven enlightenments: Correct View, Correct Thinking, Correct Speech, Correct Karma, Correct Life, Correct Diligently Advancement, Correct Spell, Correct Stillness.

1. Correct View is different from heretical obsessions and upside-down views: Bitter Crux (cf. chapter 13) is establishment true suchness, Aggregate Crux (cf. chapter 14) is heretical behavior true suchness, Salvation Crux (cf. chapter 15) is quiet true suchness, and the Path Crux (cf. chapter 16) is correct behavior true suchness.

2. Correct Thinking, thinking according to the theories of cause and effect of the Four Victorious Cruxes, see Section 13.4.3 Ten Interests’ Causes and Effects.

3. 正语，（甲）不妄语，或不唯不行诳惑，更能言说真实语；（乙）不绮语，或不唯不行魅惑之语，更能作利益语；（丙）不恶口，或不唯不行粗犷，更能善言安慰；（丁）不两舌，或不唯不行离间，更能从中调和。

4. 正业，对于一个男人来说是 “三千威仪，八万四千细行” ，对于一个女人来说正业是 “五百威仪，十万八千魅力” （参见16.2节）。业，亦作身口意业，身业即此身、口业即此口中所说的、意业即此心所想的。

5. 正命，从事正当的职业，尊老爱幼。

3. Correct Speech, (A) Not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (B) Not to use flowery speech, or not only not to charm, but also to speak for the benefit of others; (C) Not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (D) Not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord among people, but also to conciliate and harmonize.

4. Correct Karma is the “3,000 Majesties 84,000 Enchantments” for a man, and the “500 Majesties 108,000 Charms” for a woman discussed in Section 16.2 above.  Karma is also known as bodily orally and intentionally karma, bodily karma is the flesh body, orally karma is the mouth speaking, intentionally karma is the heart thinking.

5. Correct Life, engaging in a proper profession, respecting the elderly, and caring for the young.

          

6. 正精进，如插图16.4所示，图22下面的地狱是最不幸的地方，上面图2的无所有天是最幸福的地方，以此两极为导向，正精进就是 “好好学习，天天向上” 。

7. 正念：（甲）不悭贪，或不唯不行悭吝，更能进行施舍；（乙）不嗔恚，或不唯不行愤恚，更能恒生慈念；（丙）不邪见，或不唯不行邪见，更能信行四谛因果理。

8. 正定，菩提分法以三种胜定统摄一切胜定，亦名三解脱门：（甲）在秽土（如图16-34），少欲是正定；（乙）在净土（如图33），无相是正定；（丙）在遍净天（如图16-32），空是正定。

6. Correct Diligently Advance, as shown in Illustration 16.4, the hell below in Figure 22 is the most unhappy place, and the “No Objectively Have Sky” in Figure 2 above is the quietest place. Orientated by these two extremes, Correct Diligently Advancement means "study and practice hard, moving up every day”.

7. Correct Spell: (A) Not to be stingily greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (B) Not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (C) Not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes.

8. Correct Stillness, Samadhi in Sanskrit, the Enlightenment Branches Laws use three victorious stillness to assimilate all victorious stillness, also known as “Three Liberation Doors”: (A) In Filth Soils (see fig. 16-34), “Less Desire” is correct stillness; (B) In Immaculate Soils (see fig. 16-32), “No Phenomena” is correct stillness; (C) In “Pervasively Immaculate Sky” (see fig. 32), “Empty” is correct stillness.

16.4.1 精进渡 Diligently-Advancement Ark

四地菩萨修习精进渡。精进渡有三种，被甲精进，摄善精进，和利乐精进。被甲精进是说菩萨修习最胜菩提分法，如古代的将士身着铠甲入战场，心无畏惧，勇往直前。利乐精进是说菩萨成熟有情，利乐众生，永不知足。精进以勤及彼所起三业为性。

插图35是本书第18章《太阳石》中的墨西哥山（亦名特拉洛克，约公元1325年）在展示如何精进：如钻木取火，猛龙过江，专精不懈，勇往直前。图36是中国的南方人在赛龙舟。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas study and practice “Diligently-Advancement Ark”, which has three types, namely, Armored Diligently-Advancement, Assimilating-Benevolences Diligently-Advancement, and Benefitting-Laugh Diligently-Advancement. Armored Diligently-Advancement means that the Bodhisattva studies and practices the most victorious “Enlightenment Branches Laws” diligently, like the ancient soldiers who entered the battlefield wearing armor, fearlessly marching forward. Benefitting-Laugh Diligently-Advancement means that the Bodhisattva is pleasing and maturing sentient beings, never satiated. Diligently-Advancement Ark is by “diligence and it aroused three karmas” as nature.

Illustration 35 is Mount Mexico (also known as Tlaloc, around 1325 CE) in Chapter 18 "The Sun Stone" of this book showing how to “Diligently-Advancement”: like drilling wood to make fire, a dragon crossing a river, being dedicated and relentless, and moving forward courageously. Picture 36 shows southerners of China racing dragon boats.

16.4.2 微细烦恼现行障 Hindrance of Subtle-Annoyance Presentness

四地菩萨断微细烦恼现行障。此说所知障中俱生一分，属于第六识俱身见的部分；最下品故，不作意缘故，远随现行，故说名微细。宁知此与第六识俱，第七识俱执我见粗大，故说此与第六识俱者微细。彼粗大俱执我等与无漏道性相违，八地以去方永不行。

此但与第六相应身见而言，亦摄无始所知障摄定爱法爱。此微细烦恼障四地菩提分法，菩提分法特违彼，入四地时便能永断。由斯四地说断二愚及彼粗重：（一）等至爱愚，即是此中定爱俱者；（二）法爱愚，即是此中法爱俱者。所知障摄二愚断故烦恼二爱亦永不行。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Subtle-Annoyance Presentness. This is said the First Juristic Quadrant aggregately born, that body-view belongs to the sixth sense (i.e. consciousness); it is named as “subtle”, because it is the lowest, because it is not aggregated from attention, and because its following lags far behind. It is preferable that this body-view affiliates to sixth sense, since the aggregately born body-view belonging to the seventh sense (i.e. preconsciousness) is thick, comparatively this belonging to sixth sense is “subtle”. That “thick aggregately born body view” is contrary to the nature of the holy path, will be tamed at the eighth land and upper.

The said aggregately born body-view belonging to sixth sense also includes Stillness-Love and Law-Love belonging to along-life know hindrance. The “Subtle-Annoyance” hinders “Enlightenment-Branches Laws” since “Enlightenment-Branches Laws” particularly besiege it. Thus, we say that fourth land Bodhisattvas break off the two fools and their roughs and heavies: (1) Equality-Arrival Love Fool, which is the love of stillness among this; (2) Law Love Fool, which is the love of law among this. The two fools belonging to Know Hindrance are severed, therefore the Still Love and Law Love will never present again.

16.4.3 无摄受真如 No-Assimilated-Acceptance True Suchness

四地菩萨证得无摄受真如。玄奘说，此真如无所系属，非我执等所依取故。此说无意识（即神识）没有自我，没有我及我所，且它的许多特质终生不变，不可能被驯服、降伏、诱惑、或贿赂。众生只能依据它的性质（法性）而行为。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas prove and gain “No-Assimilated-Acceptance True Suchness” (i.e., being free from incorporation). Tang Tripitaka said: “This True Suchness has no affiliation and cannot be fetched by I-Obsession, etc.” This says that unconsciousness (aka God-sense) has no self, and belongings, many of its nature remain unchanged throughout life, and cannot be tamed, subdued, seduced, or bribed. Living beings can only act according to its nature (juristic nature).

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