Brain: 3 lbs, 2% body weight, consuming 25% of energy, 87 billion neurons, 1 quadrillion connections. An organ that can get better w/ aging.
--Alzheimer's, vascular
--Alzheimer's disease is growing, in 2050, 1/3 adult will die w/ dementia
--After age 20, decline starts, preclinical, MCI, dementia
--Risk factors: Age, genetics, mid-age cholesterol, lifestyles, vision, hearing
--Dementia risk score: MIND diet (whole, plant-based food, plant fats, low salt, low sat fats, low animal products, >150min/week exercise, reduce alcohol, cognitive activities to improve reserve
--Neuro plan (nutrition-plant-based diet, exercise, leg strength, move throughout the day, unwind -increasing positive stress, restorative sleep, optimize cognitive activity-mental and social)
--MIND diet-Mediterranean diet a DASH intervention. Focus on plant based food. Limit red meat, sweets, cheese, better, fast/fried food.
--After 4.5 years, people adhered to MIND diet had 53% reduced rate of Alzheimer's disease
--Whole grains are good, except people w/ gluten intolerance (2-4% of the population)
--Keto diet, trial negative
--Omega-3 fatty acid (DHA), important during early life, and for individuals later in life w/ ApoE-e4 genes or mild cognitive impairment
--B vitamins, folic acid, vitD
--Exercise: neuroplasticity, BDNF creation, increase blood suppl, reduce insulin resistance, reduce depression, anxiety, attention deficits
--Resistance training 2-3/wee for 6m, in older adults w/ MCI, 47% achieved normal cognitive score. MCI transition to Alzheimer at a rate of 10% per year.
--Bigger leg, bigger brain.
--Cumulative adversity and stress->smaller gray matter volume. Limbic system, how you frame things, how we take the negative. Positive self talk.
--Sleep: memory consolidation and organization, Defragmentation.
--Sleep hygiene
--chronic use of benzo, Benadryl, PPI may be associated w/ dementia
--Optimize: Brain needs to be challenged.
--London taxi drivers had a bigger, more resilient brain. High linguistic abilities. Idea density.
--Loneliness increases dementia
--Social activity reduces dementia
--Hearing loss increases risk of dementia
--Cognitive activities: complexity, purpose, challenge, multi-dimentional
--Recall: choose a scene, create a story, approach the task w/ a positive attitude, take a deep breath, focus.
--Focus, create a story, emotional tagging
大脑:3磅,体重的2%,消耗25%的能量,870亿个神经元,1万万亿个连接。一个可以随着年龄变得更好的器官。
-- 阿尔茨海默病,血管性
-- 阿尔茨海默病正在增长,预计到2050年,三分之一的成年死的时候有痴呆症
-- 20岁后,衰退开始,临床前,轻度认知障碍,痴呆
-- 风险因素:年龄,遗传,中年胆固醇,生活方式,视力,听力
-- 痴呆风险评分:MIND饮食(全食,植物性食物,植物脂肪,低盐,低饱和脂肪,低动物产品,每周>150分钟的锻炼,减少酒精摄入,改善认知储备的认知活动)
-- 神经计划(营养-植物性饮食,锻炼,腿部力量,全天活动,放松 - 增加积极压力,恢复性睡眠,优化认知活动-心理和社交)
-- MIND饮食-地中海饮食和DASH干预。重点是植物性食物。限制红肉,甜食,奶酪,更好,快餐/油炸食品。
-- 经过4.5年,遵循MIND饮食的人群阿尔茨海默病发生率降低了53%
-- 全谷物是好的,除了对麸质不耐受的人(占人口的2-4%)
-- 生酮饮食,试验结果阴性
-- Omega-3脂肪酸(DHA),在早期生活中重要,对于后期有ApoE-e4基因或轻度认知障碍的个体也很重要
-- B维生素,叶酸,维生素D
-- 锻炼:神经可塑性,BDNF的生成,增加血液供应,降低胰岛素抵抗,减少抑郁,焦虑,注意力缺陷
-- 对于轻度认知障碍的老年人,每周进行2-3次抗阻训练6个月,47%的人达到了正常的认知评分。轻度认知障碍以每年10%的速度转变为阿尔茨海默病。
-- 腿部越大,脑部越大。
-- 累积的不利因素和压力->灰质体积减少。边缘系统,如何构建事物,如何看待消极。积极的自我对话。
-- 睡眠:记忆巩固和组织,碎片整理。
-- 睡眠卫生 -- 长期使用苯二氮平类药物、苯海拉明、质子泵抑制剂可能与痴呆症相关
-- 优化:大脑需要被挑战。
-- 伦敦出租车司机的大脑更大,更有弹性。高语言能力。概念密度。
-- 孤独感增加痴呆风险 -- 社交活动减少痴呆风险
-- 听力损失增加痴呆风险
-- 认知活动:复杂性,目的,挑战,多维度 -
- 回忆:选择一个场景,创造一个故事,以积极的态度接近任务,深呼吸,专注。
-- 专注,创造故事,情感标记