(五)悍男悍女的爱情角力
对《驯悍记》的时代背景有了大概的了解后,又回到广大读者讨论最多的热点:既然爱情是文学作品永恒的主题,那么戏里的男女主人公后来产生了真正的爱情吗?
我的答案是肯定的,而且他俩之间的爱情角力充满了诡计、争吵、妥协等元素,十分精彩。
第一幕第二场,彼特鲁乔直率地对好友霍坦西奥说出了自己的择偶标准:“霍坦西奥,既然我们是好朋友,我就简明扼要地说吧。如果你认识什么女人,财富多到足以做彼特鲁乔的妻子,我求婚的主要目的是为了钱。即使她和佛洛汀蒂斯的爱人一样邪恶,和西比拉一样老,和苏格拉底的老婆赞西佩一样凶悍泼辣,甚至更糟,我都接受。即使她狂暴得像波浪汹涌的亚得里亚海,也无法影响我心里的柔情。我来帕多瓦是要找一个有钱的妻子的,如果财产丰厚,我在帕多瓦就活得自在。”
(PETRUCHIO
Signior Hortensio, ’twixt such friends as we
Few words suffice. And therefore, if thou know
One rich enough to be Petruchio’s wife,
As wealth is burden of my wooing dance,
Be she as foul as was Florentius' love,
As old as Sibyl and as curst and shrewd
As Socrates' Xanthippe, or a worse,
She moves me not, or not removes at least
Affection’s edge in me, were she as rough
As are the swelling Adriatic seas.
I come to wive it wealthily in Padua;
If wealthily, then happily in Padua.)
他口中的佛洛汀蒂斯是英国诗人约翰·高尔(John Gower,1330-1408)的诗作《佛洛伦特故事》(The Tale of Florent )中的男主人公,被迫娶了一位救了自己性命的丑老妇。西比拉是古代的女先知,寿命很长。苏格拉底的老婆赞西佩是著名的泼妇。彼得鲁乔毫不掩饰地表明他唯一看中的是婚姻中的物质基础,不在乎娶丑妇、老妇或悍妇。
第二幕第一场,彼特鲁乔与凯瑟琳娜的父亲巴普提斯塔达成关于嫁妆的协议后,要求面见凯瑟琳娜,向她展开追求。他有一段独白:“我会在这里等她。等她来时,用一种新颖的方式向她求婚:如果她开口骂人,我就对她说她的歌声和夜莺一样美妙。如果她皱眉头,我就说她看上去和沐浴着朝露的玫瑰一样美丽。如果她沉默不语,我就恭维她的口才,说她能言善辩。如果她叫我滚蛋,我就向她道谢,仿佛她留我多住一个星期一样。如果她拒绝嫁给我,我就问她结婚启事和婚礼的吉期。她已经来了,彼特鲁乔,开始吧。”
(PETRUCHIO
I’ll attend her here
And woo her with some spirit when she comes.
Say that she rail; why then I’ll tell her plain
She sings as sweetly as a nightingale.
Say that she frown; I’ll say she looks as clear
As morning roses newly washed with dew.
Say she be mute and will not speak a word;
Then I’ll commend her volubility,
And say she uttereth piercing eloquence.
If she do bid me pack, I’ll give her thanks,
As though she bid me stay by her a week.
If she deny to wed, I’ll crave the day
When I shall ask the banns and when be marrièd.
But here she comes—and now, Petruchio, speak.)
彼特鲁乔按照事先想好的路数,对凯瑟琳娜的泼辣言语进行了温柔的“还击”,话语中充满了挑逗。凯瑟琳娜年轻貌美,身材窈窕,她的外表显然已经大大超出了彼特鲁乔的期待值,激起了他的征服欲望。一番斗嘴之后,他进入主题:“是啊,可爱的凯瑟琳娜,我正打算到你的床上去暖和暖和呢。闲话少说,简而言之,你的父亲已经答应把你嫁给我做妻子,你的嫁妆也已经议定了。无论你是否喜欢,我都要娶你。凯特,我是你的最佳丈夫人选,我看到了你的美丽,并因此喜欢上了你。除了我之外,你不能嫁给别人,因为我是生来驯服你的人,凯特。我要把你从一个野性的凯特变成一个柔顺听话的贤妻良母。(巴普提斯塔达,葛莱米奥与特拉尼奥上)你的父亲来了,你不能不答应,我一定要娶凯瑟琳娜为妻。”
(PETRUCHIO
Marry, so I mean, sweet Katherine, in thy bed.
And therefore, setting all this chat aside,
Thus in plain terms: your father hath consented
That you shall be my wife, your dowry 'greed on,
And, will you, nill you, I will marry you.
Now, Kate, I am a husband for your turn,
For, by this light, whereby I see thy beauty,
Thy beauty that doth make me like thee well,
Thou must be married to no man but me.
For I am he am born to tame you, Kate,
And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate
Conformable as other household Kates.
Enter BAPTISTA, GREMIO, and TRANIO
Here comes your father. Never make denial.
I must and will have Katherine to my wife.)
接着,彼特鲁乔对凯瑟琳娜的父亲说:“老伯,事实是这样的,你和其他人关于她的种种谈论,都是错的。她看起来那么粗暴,是有原因的,其实她一点不任性,却像鸽子一样地柔和。她一点不泼辣,却像黎明一样地安静。她的忍耐堪与格里瑟尔相比,她与罗马的鲁克丽丝一样贞洁。总而言之,我们彼此意见相合十分融洽,打算在这个星期日举行婚礼。”
(PETRUCHIO
Father, ’tis thus: yourself and all the world
That talked of her have talked amiss of her.
If she be curst, it is for policy,
For she’s not froward, but modest as the dove.
She is not hot, but temperate as the morn.
For patience she will prove a second Grissel,
And Roman Lucrece for her chastity.
And to conclude, we have 'greed so well together,
That upon Sunday is the wedding day.)
彼特鲁乔嘴里的格里瑟尔是中世纪的歌曲和故事里的贤妻的常用名,鲁克丽丝是一位罗马贵妇,她被伊特鲁里亚国王的儿子塞斯图斯·塔奎尼乌斯强奸,引发了推翻罗马君主制的叛乱,并导致罗马政府从一个王国过渡到一个共和国。彼特鲁乔在众人面前将凯瑟琳娜吹捧到了天上,试图为她树立贤淑贞静的好名声。
接下来,面对葛莱米奥与特拉尼奥的质疑,彼特鲁乔振振有词地答:“耐心些,先生们。我自己选中了她,如果我俩都满意,与你们何干?我俩私底下已约好,当着众人的面,她仍是很粗鲁。我告诉你们吧,她那么爱我,简直令人难以相信。啊,最亲爱的凯特,她挽住我的脖颈,不停地吻我,一遍遍地发誓,刹那间征服了我。啊,你们这些情场生手都不曾经历过,当男人女人私下在一起的时候,一个不中用的懦夫也会驯服最凶悍的女人。凯特,让我吻你的手。我要去威尼斯买婚纱。岳父,请准备酒席,宴请宾客。我要让我的凯瑟琳娜打扮得漂漂亮亮的。”
(PETRUCHIO
Be patient, gentlemen. I choose her for myself.
If she and I be pleased, what’s that to you?
'Tis bargained ’twixt us twain, being alone,
That she shall still be curst in company.
I tell you, ’tis incredible to believe
How much she loves me. O, the kindest Kate!
She hung about my neck, and kiss on kiss
She vied so fast, protesting oath on oath,
That in a twink she won me to her love.
O, you are novices! 'Tis a world to see,
How tame, when men and women are alone,
A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew.—
Give me thy hand, Kate. I will unto Venice
To buy apparel 'gainst the wedding day.
Provide the feast, father, and bid the guests.
I will be sure my Katherine shall be fine.)
尽管莎士比亚的戏剧通常在第三幕才出现转折点,但我们在《驯悍记》的第二幕已经见识到凯瑟琳娜情感的转折。当几个男人无视她的存在而讨论她的婚事时,她仅仅反抗了一句:“我要看你在星期日上吊!”(I’ll see thee hanged on Sunday first),就再也不出声了,默默地接受了自己要闪婚的事实。从前那个伶牙俐齿、脾气粗暴,发起火来连亲生妹妹都敢殴打的凯瑟琳娜怎么像变了一个人呢?
我的解释是,她生平第一次遇到了一个比她更凶悍、更狡猾而且意志坚定的男人。在她成长的过程中,家人、仆人和其他的追求者视她为野猫(wild cat),只要她伸出利爪,这些人很快就败下阵来。以她狂妄自大的个性,她肯定认为周边的这些人在智力和精力上根本不是她的对手,这加剧了她内心深处的孤独感和与这个世界格格不入的悲凉感。这些负面情绪通过更加粗俗和张扬的方式宣泄出来,形成了一个负能量循环,以至于适婚年纪的男人见了她躲得远远的,她也不想嫁给那些明显让她讨厌的男人。只有彼特鲁乔见招拆招,用带着性暗示的机智的双关语不遗余力地赞美和撩拨她 – 这恐怕是她生平第一次被足智多谋的男人如此“真诚”地赞美过,心中怎不泛起涟漪?而且这个男人还不遗余力地在众人面前树立她的美好形象,急着要娶她,某种程度上满足了她的虚荣心。
凯特琳娜已经到了必须要出嫁的年纪,按照当时的习俗,只有她嫁出了,追求者才能打妹妹卞卡的主意。她感到了父权社会给她的无形的压力,也意识到了继续保持未婚状态只会生活得更悲惨,婚姻对她来说代表了一个新的起点,可以用一种更加令人舒服的方式来融入社会。与彼特鲁乔结婚是她摆脱内心困境的最好选择。