特立独行
真理在开始的时候只掌握在少数人手中，往往是在一个人手中，但却对大多数人有重大的影响。
五、还有一条大鱼——美国宪法草案
我已经讲了通讯、交通、城市建设这些万亿美元级的颠覆性创新，还有一个万亿美元级别的创新，这个不是颠覆一个行业，而是颠覆美国社会，颠覆人类文明，体现在美国宪法草案（附在文后）。
不要低估了国家组织结构的价值，发达国家与发展中国家的差别除了技术以外，很大程度上是组织结构。
如果说大多数人对前面的那些创新有怀疑，对颠覆美国社会的创新更加觉得匪夷所思。美国是自由社会的灯塔，你要颠覆它？我要说的就是美国的问题是组织结构问题，与川普还是拜登当总统关系不太大，只有修宪才能从根本上解决问题，否则美国将分裂瓦解。修宪成功后，经过短暂的痛苦，美国将继续引领世界100年。
前几天，戈尔巴乔夫去世，有人说他导致了苏联的崩溃。苏联的崩溃是以前所有错误的累积结果，早在赫鲁晓夫时期，就有人指出了必须改革计划经济体制，否则将崩溃。拖的时间越长，以后的崩溃越惨。戈尔巴乔夫的贡献是和平的解体，而不是战乱，不然的话情况更糟糕。一个现存的制度，即使人们意识到其问题，也有很大的阻力去面对改革的阵痛，而当权者可能还不愿放弃眼前的利益。
简单地说，人类从漫长的农业文明（乡村文明）进入工业文明（城市文明）的时间很短，也就是大约三百年，还没来得及形成稳定的组织结构，而农业文明的观念渗透到语言文化习惯等各方面。比如，中国2010年城市人口才超过农业人口，所以绝大多数中国人还是农业文明意识。自古皆行秦政制，就是说中国农业文明的结构在秦朝的时候稳定了下来。
美国宪法制定时，美国基本上是一个农业社会，虽然从英国吸取了一些先进观念，还是未能预见今天的工业社会的发展，宪法过时了。因为美国的工业文明领先于世界，所以率先遇到这个问题。我从系统的角度，分析得出工业文明的合理组织结构，提出了美国宪法草案。这个工作是2019年完成的，我已经送给一些宪法学者參考，可以作为所有工业文明国家借鉴（比如欧盟），从而进入持续的世界和平与繁荣。有兴趣的读者可以參看比较美国顶级宪法学者在2020年制定的美国宪法草案，链接如下：
https://constitutioncenter.org/news-debate/special-projects/constitution-drafting-project
我的宪法草案的主要特点是以城市为中心，城市文明当然是以城市为中心。以城市为中心的组织结构是一个扁平结构，联邦和州对应于几千个城市。重新定义了公民，也就是市民（citizen）。众议员每个城市都有一名代表，取代了现在的那种被操纵的分区。城市为重，州和联邦为轻，这个与农业文明是反过来的，农业文明当然是皇帝最重要。州和国家领导人不需要特别的安保措施。目前的筹集资金竞选的方式将视为非法，任何侯选人不得接受任何政治捐款。
农业文明的扩张通常是靠战争，而工业文明的扩张是靠选举投票。州可以加入联邦，也可以退出联邦，就像婚姻，有结婚机制也有离婚机制，这个提供了一个持续和平的机制。美国从二十世纪开始，打下来的地盘还是要经过选举，比如菲律宾就没有选择加入美国。
我从1980年开始就对宪法感兴趣，在考虑城市建设时又自然地回到宪法。
工业文明的几个重要事件：
1500-1900，殖民主义。现在是落后的观念。
1600至今，工业化和城市化。始于英国。
1648， treaty of Westphalia，民族国家。现在是落后的观念。
1688，英国光荣革命，君主立宪制，权利法案。
1787，美国宪法。没有皇帝，没有民族。
美国宪法草案内容：
第一条，公民，既不是出生地也不是血统，而是文化熏陶时间（12年）。引入副公民概念。
第二条，权利法案，保留了原权利法案大部分内容。
第三条，州（国家），可以加入也可以退出联邦。
第四条，国会。參议员每州从两个人减到一个人，任期不超过两届。众议员大幅增加到几千人，每个城市一人且呆在原址，任期一届，票数等于公民人数。引入了法律框架（interface）的概念。
第五条，总统。参议院提候选人，众议院选举。不超过两届。
第六条，最高法院。减为七人，到期退休，三人审案。
第七条，例外和修订。引入了throw- catch程序。
下一篇也最后一篇，我将探讨重大技术创新之路，重大技术创新的重要性大多数人都意识到了，但怎样做才是有效呢？
附：美国宪法草案
A Proposal for the Constitution of the United States
We, the citizens of the United States of America, in order to protect liberty, uphold justice, and provide public services, establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
1 Citizenship.
1.1 A child born to a parent with a citizenship of the United States shall be an associate citizen, if in residence in the United States, shall become a citizen at the age of eighteen years.
1.2 A legal alien shall be eligible to become an associate citizen after working in the United States for six years, or in residence for nine years. An associate citizen shall be eligible to become a citizen after working in the United States for six years, or in residence for nine years.
2 Bill of Rights.
2.1 The Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
2.2 A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
2.3 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the places to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
2.4 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
2.5 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed; which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
2.6 In suits at common law, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
2.7 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
3 State.
3.1 A state shall join or exit the United States with (a) three quarters of the popular votes of the state, and (b) three quarters of the votes of the Congress.
4 Congress.
4.1 All legislative power shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a Group of Representatives. No members of the Congress shall be appointed to any civil office of the United States.
4.2 The Group of Representatives shall be composed of one representative from each city or district, elected by its citizens, for a single term of two years. A representative shall have a number of votes equal to the number of citizens in the city or district. A representative shall be a citizen for more than twelve years, and a resident of the city or district for more than six years.
4.3 The Group of Representatives shall have the sole power of election, confirmation, and impeachment of the President, approval of interfaces, approval of taxes, and approval of the declaration of war.
4.4 The Senate shall be composed of one senator from each state, for a term of six years. Each senator shall have one vote. A senator shall serve no more than two terms. A senator shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years and a resident of the state for more than six years. The terms of the senators shall be arranged in such a way that about one third shall be replaced every second year. The Senate shall choose candidates, elected from each state by the representatives of the state, to have a fair coverage of all relevant expertise.
4.5 The Senate shall have the power to initiate interfaces, supervise the operation of the government, select judges of the Supreme Court, and conduct the trial of an impeachment.
4.6 All bills on issues shall pass by three quarters of the votes. All decisions on personnel selection shall pass by one half of the votes.
5 President.
5.1 The executive power shall be vested in the President of the United States. The Senate shall screen candidates for the President for qualifications, and the President shall be elected by the Group of Representatives for a term of four years, and can be confirmed by the Group of Representatives for a second term. The President shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years.
5.2 The President shall be commander in chief of the armed forces of the United States.
5.3 The President shall have the power to implement the interfaces and organize the government departments, with the advice and consent of the Senate for the appointment of cabinet members.
5.4 The President shall present a written annual report of the state of the union to the Congress.
5.5 The President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of high crimes.
6 Supreme Court.
6.1 The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in lower courts as the Congress may establish.
6.2 The Supreme Court shall be composed of seven judges, appointed by the Senate for a life term until the age of seventy-eight years. A judge of the Supreme Court shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years.
6.3 The Supreme Court shall maintain the consistency of the Constitution, the interfaces, and laws. Three judges shall hear a case.
7 Exceptions and Amendment.
7.1 Each government branch shall catch exceptions thrown inside its branch. Congress shall catch all exceptions not otherwise handled. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States except in case of impeachment.
