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2028-2034年欧盟预算打造更强大的欧洲

(2025-07-18 08:55:07) 下一个

2028-2034年欧盟预算：打造更强大的欧洲

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en

2025年7月16日，欧盟委员会提交了一份雄心勃勃、充满活力的多年期财政框架（“MFF”）提案，迄今为止该框架的规模已接近2万亿欧元（相当于2028年至2034年期间欧盟国民总收入的1.26%）。该框架将为欧洲提供一份长期投资预算，使其能够在未来十年内实现成为一个独立、繁荣、安全和蓬勃发展的社会和经济体的宏伟目标。

新版MFF的主要特点：

预算更加灵活，使欧洲能够在情况发生意外变化或需要应对新的政策优先事项时迅速采取行动并做出反应；

更简化、更精简、更协调的欧盟金融计划，使公民和企业能够轻松找到并获得融资机会；
根据当地需求量身定制的预算，并制定针对投资和改革的国家和地区伙伴关系计划，以在最重要的领域产生有针对性的影响，并确保更快、更灵活地支持整个联盟的经济、社会和地域凝聚力；

强大的竞争力提升，使欧洲能够保障供应链安全，扩大创新规模，并引领全球清洁和智能技术竞赛；
一套平衡的全新自有资源方案，确保我们有足够的收入用于优先事项，同时最大限度地减少国家公共财政的压力。

主要特点包括：

投资于人民、成员国和地区
促进教育和民主价值观发展
通过竞争力、研究和创新推动繁荣
保护人民，增强应对新挑战的准备和韧性
保护欧洲
建立伙伴关系，打造更强大的欧洲
新的自有资源，以实现我们共同的目标
后续步骤
概况介绍
法律文件

委员会的提案旨在确保欧盟资金由欧盟的政治优先事项引导，从而实现国家预算无法单独实现的成果。

投资于人民、成员国和地区

新的长期预算将把成员国和地区实施的欧盟资金整合到一个以凝聚力和农业政策为核心的统一战略之下。该战略将通过更精简、更精准的国家和地区伙伴关系计划来实施，以最大限度地发挥每一欧元的效益。这些计划将促进融合，缩小地区差距。它们将确定投资和改革方案，以更好地应对成员国和地区未来面临的挑战。

这些计划将由委员会、成员国、各地区、地方社区和所有其他相关利益攸关方密切合作制定和实施。每个成员国将能够获得与目前相同数额的资金。

此外，将对欠发达地区设定强制性最低限额，并制定保障措施，确保这些地区总体上获得的资金至少与现行凝聚力方案下的资金数额相同。

对农民的收入支持将专项拨款，包括环境措施、农场投资、对年轻农民的支持以及风险管理工具。农业和农村社区的资助规则将更加简化，包括支付、控制和审计等方面的规则。

新的伙伴关系计划将为落实“欧洲社会权利支柱”提供更多机会，支持所有成员国、各地区和各部门的高质量就业、技能和社会包容。作为计划的一部分，“欧洲社会基金升级版”将致力于促进人人享有平等机会，支持建立强大的社会安全网，促进社会包容、代际公平并消除贫困。

对法治的尊重将保持无条件。《附加条件条例》将继续保护整个欧盟预算免受法治侵犯。国家和地区伙伴关系计划将包含进一步的保障措施，以确保成员国尊重法治原则和《基本权利宪章》。

点击此处了解更多关于下一届多边基金（MFF）中法治的信息。

欧盟预算受益人的透明度和筛选将得到加强。欧盟资金受助人的信息将在中央数据库中发布。

培育教育和民主价值观

加大技能投资对于帮助欧盟学生和工作者抓住机遇至关重要。同时，投资于人意味着支持充满活力的公民空间并保护艺术和文化自由。长期预算将继续在技能、文化、媒体和价值观领域进行投资。强化的“伊拉斯谟+”计划将成为技能联盟的支柱。教育流动性、团结和包容性仍将是该计划的核心。强大的 AgoraEU 计划

将倡导共同价值观，包括民主、平等和法治，并支持欧洲文化多样性、视听和创意产业、媒体自由和公民社会参与。

了解下一届欧洲竞争力论坛 (MFF) 如何应对社会和技能政策。

通过竞争力、研究和创新推动繁荣

新的欧洲竞争力基金将投资于战略技术，以造福整个单一市场，正如莱塔和德拉吉报告所建议的那样。该基金将按照统一的规则运作，并为资助申请者提供单一平台，从而简化和加速欧盟的资助，并促进私人和公共投资。该基金将重点支持以下四个领域：

清洁转型和脱碳；
数字化转型；
卫生、生物技术、农业和生物经济；
国防和太空。

该基金将通过吸引私人资金，最大限度地发挥每一欧元的影响力。

与欧洲竞争力基金紧密结合，享有盛誉的欧盟研究框架及其价值1750亿欧元的旗舰项目“地平线欧洲”将继续资助世界级创新。

“地平线欧洲”和竞争力基金将为项目的整个投资过程（从构思阶段到规模化）提供支持，并降低潜在受益者的成本和资金拨付时间。

保护人民，增强应对新挑战的准备和韧性
长期预算将使欧洲拥有更快、更高效、更灵活的工具，以抵御冲击并应对新挑战。它将继续通过资助“准备联盟”来增强欧洲的韧性，并为危机管理的各个阶段做好准备：从预防到响应再到恢复。欧盟委员会正在提议建立一个全新的专门危机机制，向成员国提供高达近4000亿欧元的贷款，当欧盟遭遇严重危机时，该机制将立即启动。此外，国家和地区伙伴关系将支持所有应急准备和危机管理领域的投资和改革。农业储备将在必要时支持农民并稳定市场。

欧洲竞争力基金还将通过发展工业能力和资助尖端技术，增强欧盟在关键行业和技术领域的应急准备和战略自主权。最后，欧盟民事保护机制和欧盟对卫生应急准备和响应的支持将进一步加强，并整合卫生应急准备活动。

如需了解下一届欧洲竞争力基金 (MFF) 将如何支持应急准备，请阅读专门的情况说明书。

保护欧洲
长期预算将有助于建立一个能够自卫、保持联系并在需要时迅速采取行动的欧洲防务联盟。欧洲竞争力基金的国防和太空窗口将拨款 1310 亿欧元，用于支持国防、安全和太空领域的投资，与上一届欧洲竞争力基金相比，欧盟层面的资金增加了五倍。成员国和各地区将有机会在自愿的基础上，根据地区需求和优先事项，支持其国家和地区伙伴关系计划中的国防相关项目。“连接欧洲基金”的军事机动性部分将增加十倍。它将支持军民两用基础设施投资，并大力促进网络安全、基础设施和国防整体发展。为了加强能源安全，“连接欧洲基金”将为跨境能源和交通项目提供融资。

在下一期多用途融资计划（MFF）情况说明书中阅读更多国防信息。

新预算还预计将增加用于移民管理、加强欧盟外部边界和加强内部安全的资金。

将拨款340亿欧元，比上一期增加两倍。成员国将获得欧盟支持，以快速有效地应对实地事态发展。这些资金将帮助成员国提升线上线下执法能力，为边防人员配备合适的工具以保护外部边界，并根据《移民和庇护公约》实施公平、稳固的移民管理制度。

建立伙伴关系，打造更强大的欧洲，在世界舞台上展现实力
这项新的多年期财政框架预计将加强对外行动，以配合更具战略性、价值观驱动和影响力的扩大、伙伴关系和外交方针，符合欧盟的战略利益。

为简化对外行动融资，一项价值2000亿欧元、期限为2028-2034年的全球欧洲工具将最大限度地发挥其实际作用，并提高欧盟对外行动在伙伴国家的可见度。这将使欧盟预算能够加大对候选国的支持，并为它们的加入做好准备。该工具将拥有150亿欧元的专用储备能力，以应对新兴的挑战。

增长和不可预见的需求。

为了巩固欧盟对乌克兰的坚定支持，欧盟可能在2028年至2034年期间为乌克兰调动1000亿欧元。鉴于需求的规模和不可预测性，对乌克兰的支持将具有一定的灵活性。对军事行动的支持将继续由欧洲和平基金承担。

拟议的新预算还将继续为共同外交和安全政策行动提供总额为34亿欧元的资金，以继续促进欧盟维护和平、加强国际安全、促进国际合作以及发展和巩固民主、法治和尊重人权与基本自由的目标。

新的自有资源以匹配我们的共同目标
为了具备行动的手段，欧洲还必须拥有现代化和多元化的收入来源。反过来，这将创造资金来资助其优先事项，同时偿还欧盟在“下一代欧盟”计划下借入的资金，并限制各国对欧盟预算的贡献。为此，委员会提出了五项新的自有资金：

欧盟排放交易体系 (ETS)：ETS1 产生的收入将有针对性地纳入欧盟预算。预计平均每年将产生约 96 亿欧元。
碳边境调整机制 (CBAM)：CBAM 产生的收入将有针对性地纳入欧盟预算。预计平均每年将产生约 14 亿欧元。
一项基于未收集电子垃圾的自有资金，通过对未收集电子垃圾的重量应用统一税率计算。预计平均每年将产生约 150 亿欧元；
一项烟草消费税自有资金，基于成员国针对烟草制品征收的特定最低消费税率计算。预计平均每年将产生约 112 亿欧元；
欧洲企业资源 (CORE)?，相当于每年向在欧盟运营和销售且年净营业额至少为 1 亿欧元的企业（中小型企业除外）提供一次性年度贡献。?预计平均每年将产生约 68 亿欧元的收入。
点击此处，了解更多关于下一轮多边融资机制 (MFF) 中欧盟预算收入的信息。

后续步骤
关于未来长期欧盟预算和收入体系的决定将由成员国在理事会上一致讨论，MFF 需经欧洲议会同意，收入机制需经各国议会批准（如适用）。欧盟委员会将竭尽全力支持迅速达成协议。

情况说明书
“成员国分配”情况说明书
“国防”情况说明书
“实现清洁转型”情况说明书
“教育、文化、媒体和联盟价值观”情况说明书
“打造具有韧性、竞争力和可持续性的欧盟农业”情况说明书
“全球化欧洲”情况说明书
“内政基金：移民边境安全”情况说明书
“地平线欧洲”情况说明书
“新的自有资源”情况说明书
“准备和危机管理”情况说明书
“社会和技能”情况说明书
“加强法治”情况说明书
法律文件
多年期财政框架

自有资源体系

预算支出跟踪和绩效框架

国家和地区伙伴关系

共同农业政策

共同渔业政策、欧洲海洋公约和欧盟海洋及水产养殖政策

欧洲经济、社会和领土凝聚力基金、农业和农村、渔业和海事、繁荣与安全

欧洲区域发展基金和凝聚力基金

欧洲社会基金

学校水果、蔬菜和牛奶计划（“欧盟学校计划”）

欧盟对庇护、移民和融入的支持

欧盟对内部安全的支持

欧盟对申根区、欧洲一体化边境管理和共同签证政策的支持

The 2028-2034 EU budget for a stronger Europe

https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en

On 16 July 2025, the Commission presented its proposal for an ambitious and dynamic Multiannual Financial Framework (“MFF”) to date amounting to almost almost EUR 2 trillion(or 1.26% of the EU’s gross national income on average between 2028 and 2034). This framework will equip Europe with a long-term investment budget matching its ambitions to be an independent, prosperous, secure and thriving society and economy over the coming decade.

Key features of the new MFF:?

More flexibility across the budget, so Europe has the capacity to act – and react – fast when circumstances change unexpectedly or when new policy priorities need to be addressed;??
Simpler, more streamlined and harmonised EU financial programmes, so that citizens and companies can easily find and access funding opportunities;
A budget tailored to local needs, with National and Regional Partnership Plans for investments and reforms, for targeted impact where it matters most and ensuring a faster and more flexible support for more economic, social and territorial cohesion across our Union;??
A powerful competitiveness boost, for Europe to secure supply chains, scale-up innovation and lead the global race for clean and smart technology;?
A balancedpackage of new own resources that ensures adequate revenues for our priorities while minimising pressure on national public finances.

The Commission’s proposal is designed to ensure that EU funding is steered by the EU’s political priorities, delivering results that national budgets cannot achieve alone.

Investing in people, Member States and regions??

The new long-term budget will bring together EU funds implemented by Member States and Regions under one coherent strategy, with cohesion and agricultural policy at its core. This strategy will be implemented through National and Regional Partnership Plans, simpler and more tailored, to maximize the impact of every euro. The Plans will foster convergence and reduce regional disparities. They will identify investments and reforms to better address tomorrow’s challenges for the Member States and our Regions.

The Plans will be designed and implemented in close partnership between the Commission, the Member States, Regions, local communities and all other relevant stakeholders. Each Member State will be able to access the same amounts of funds as is the case today.

In addition, there will be a mandatory minimum amount for less developed regions, as well as a safeguard ensuring that these will receive overall at least as much funding as under the current cohesion envelope.

Income support to farmers will be ringfenced, including environmental measures, on-farm investments, support to young farmers and risk management tools. Funding rules for agriculture and rural communities will be simpler, including on payments, controls and audits.

The new partnership plans will give additional opportunities to the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights, supporting quality employment, skills and social inclusion across all Member States, regions and sectors. As part of the plans, the European Social Fund Plus will contribute to promote equal opportunities for all, to support strong social safety nets, foster social inclusion, intergenerational fairness and fight poverty.

Respect for the Rule of Law will remain unconditional. The Conditionality Regulation will continue to protect the entire EU budget from breaches on the rule of law. The National and regional partnership plans will contain further safeguards to ensure that Member States respect the principles of the rule of law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

Find out more about the Rule of Law in the next MFF here

Transparency on and screening of the beneficiaries of the EU budget will be reinforced. Information on the recipients of EU funds will be published in a centralised database.

Foster education and democratic values

Stepping up investment in skills is fundamental to help EU students and workers embrace opportunities. At the same time, investing in people means supporting a vibrant civic space and protecting artistic and cultural freedom. The long-term budget will continue to invest in the areas of skills, culture, media and values. A reinforced Erasmus+ programme will be the backbone of the Union of Skills. Education mobility, solidarity and inclusiveness will remain the core of the programme. A strong AgoraEU programme will promote shared values, including democracy, equality and the rule of law and support the European cultural diversity, its audiovisual and creative sectors, media freedom and civil society involvement.

Check out how social and skills policies are address in the next MFF

Driving prosperity via competitiveness, research and innovation?

A new European Competitiveness Fund will invest in strategic technologies, to benefit the entire Single Market, as recommended in the Letta and Draghi Reports. The Fund, operating under one rulebook, and offering a single gateway to funding applicants, will simplify and accelerate EU funding and catalyse private and public investment. It will focus its support on four areas:

clean transition and decarbonization;
digital transition;
health, biotech, agriculture and bioeconomy;
defence, and space.

The Fund will maximise the impact of every euro spent by drawing in private money.

In close connection with the European Competitiveness Fund, the renowned EU research framework, with its flagship Horizon Europe worth EUR 175 billion, will continue to fund world-class innovation.

Horizon Europe and the Competitiveness Fund will offer support for the entire investment journey of a project (from conception phase to scale-up) and reduce both the cost for potential beneficiaries and the time for disbursement.

Protecting people and building preparedness and resilience to face new challenges

The long-term budget will equip Europe with faster, more efficient and flexible tools to withstand shocks and respond to new challenges. It will continue to build Europe’s resilience by financing the Preparedness Union and prepare for all stages of crisis management: from prevention to response and recovery. The Commission is proposing a new dedicated crisis mechanism with a firepower of up to almost EUR 400 billion of loans to Member States, to be triggered when severe crises hit the Union. Furthermore, national and regional partnerships will support investments and reforms in all areas of preparedness and crisis management. An agriculture reserve will support farmers and stabilise markets if needed.

The European Competitiveness Fund will also enhance the EU’s preparedness and strategic autonomy in key sectors and technologies, by developing industrial capacities and funding cutting-edge technologies. Lastly, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism and Union support for health emergency preparedness and response will be further strengthened integrating health preparedness activities.??

For an overview of how the next MFF will support preparedness, read the dedicated factsheet

Protecting Europe?

The long-term budget will help build a European Defence Union, that can defend itself, stay connected, and act fast whenever needed. The defence and space window of the European Competitiveness Fund will allocate EUR 131 billion to support investment in defence, security and space, five times more funding at EU level compared to the previous MFF. Member States and regions will have the possibility to support on a voluntary basis and according to the regional needs and priorities, defence-related projects in their national and regional partnership plans. The military mobility strand of the Connecting Europe Facility, will be multiplied tenfold. It will support dual-use infrastructure investments alongside civilian ones and contribute to a major boost for cybersecurity, infrastructure, and defence development overall. To enhance energy security, the Connecting Europe Facility will provide financing to cross-border energy and transport projects.

The new budget also foresees increased funding for migration management, to strengthen the EU’s external borders and to bolster internal security.

EUR 34 billion will be allocated, which triples funding compared to the previous funding period. Member States will receive Union support to rapidly and effectively respond to developments on the ground. The funds will help Member States boost law enforcement capabilities online and offline, equip our border guards with the right tools to protect the external borders and implement a fair and firm migration management system under the Pact for Migration and Asylum.

Building partnerships for a stronger Europe in the world?

This new Multiannual Financial Framework foresees reinforced external action to match a more strategic, values-driven and impactful approach to enlargement, partnerships and diplomacy, in alignment with the EU’s strategic interests.

To simplify external action financing, a Global Europe Instrument, worth EUR 200 billion for 2028-2034 will maximise impact on the ground and improve visibility of EU external action in partner countries. It will allow the EU budget to step up support to candidate countries and prepare for their accession This instrument will have a dedicated reserve capacity of EUR 15 billion to respond to emerging crises and unforeseen needs.

To underpin the Union’s unwavering support for Ukraine, EUR 100 billion may be mobilised for Ukraine over 2028-2034. Support for Ukraine will benefit from a degree of flexibility given the magnitude and unpredictability of the needs. Support for operations with military aspects will continue to be covered by the European Peace Facility.? ?

The proposed new budget will also continue financing Common Foreign and Security Policy actions for a total amount of EUR 3.4 billion, to continue contributing to the EU’s objectives of preserving peace, strengthening international security, promoting international cooperation and developing and consolidating democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

New own resources to match our common ambition??

To give itself the means to act, Europe must also equip itself with a modern and diversified revenue stream. In turn, this will create means to fund its priorities while repaying what the EU has borrowed under NextGenerationEU and limiting the national contributions to the EU budget. To that end, the Commission presents five new own resources:

EU Emissions Trading System (ETS): targeted adjustment of the revenues generated from ETS1 go to the EU budget. Expected to generate around EUR 9.6 billion annually, on average.
Carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM): targeted adjustment of the revenues generated from CBAM go to the EU budget. Expected to generate around EUR 1.4 billion annually, on average.
An own resource based on non-collected e-waste through the application of a uniform rate to the weight of non-collected e-waste. Expected to generate around EUR 15 billion annually, on average;
A tobacco excise duty own resource, based on the application of a rate on the Member State-specific minimum excise duty rate levied on tobacco products. Expected to generate around EUR 11.2 billion annually, on average;
A Corporate Resource for Europe (CORE)?, amounting to an annual lump-sum contribution from companies, other than small and medium-sized companies, operating and selling in the EU with a net annual turnover of at least EUR 100 million.? Expected to generate around EUR 6.8 billion annually, on average.

Next steps?

The decision on the future long-term EU budget and revenue system will be discussed by Member States in the Council, acting by unanimity, with the consent of the European Parliament for the MFF, and where relevant – ratification by national parliaments for the revenue.? The Commission will do everything in its power to support a swift agreement.?