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读史札记 之 百年耻辱

(2006-04-25 12:59:00) 下一个

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一百一十一年前,自大清帝国的北洋水师在中日甲午战争战败之后,小日本就取代了欧洲人,开始了欺负和侮辱中国人的历史。下面是当年的一些日本画家,描绘的在日本人眼里的中国将领和甲午战争。

“Admiral Ding Juchang of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet, Totally Destroyed at Weihaiwei, Commits Suicide at His Official Residence?by Mizuno Toshikata, February 1895 [IMP_44_74]

Admiral Ding Juchang of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet, Totally Destroyed at Weihaiwei, Commits Suicide at His Official Residence. By Mizuno Toshikata, February 1895


山东威海刘公岛中日甲午战争博物馆设立的丁汝昌自杀处

The single most honorable Chinese singled out in the war prints, however, was not a mounted officer but an admiral—the venerable Ding Juchang, whose fleet was destroyed after hard fighting off Weihaiwei early in 1895. After surrendering in a courteous exchange of messages between the two sides, Admiral Ding Juchang committed suicide by taking poison. When the Chinese warship carrying his body left the harbor, the Japanese fleet dropped their flags to half-mast and fired a salute. Death by one’s own hand held an honorable place in Japan’s own warrior tradition, of course; be that as it may, several woodblock artists commemorated the admiral’s death with respectful renderings. One of the best of these, by Toshikata, imagines Admiral Ding Juchang seated in an elegant room holding a cup of poison in his hand。

获咎甚重的悲剧英雄丁汝昌,因甲午战败而服毒自尽于刘公岛。在日本画家的眼里,丁汝昌的手中,端的是一杯毒药。可是小鬼子们哪里能够想得出,我们的大清帝国的水军督都,也是赏穿黄马甲的海龟英雄丁汝昌,自杀时吃的竟然是鸦片烟!

“After the Fall of Weihaiwei, the Commander of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet, Admiral Ding Juchang Surrenders?by Mizuno Toshikata, November 1895 [2000_123] Sharf Collection, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

After the Fall of Weihaiwei...Admiral Ting Ju-chang Surrenders, By MIGITA TOSHIHIDE, 1895

日军攻克威海,清将丁汝昌率众来降,这显然是日本的画家在篡改历史。只是这样的一幅画,和1945年在密苏里号军舰上,日军向盟军投降的画面,是多么的相似呀。

 “Japanese Representatives Meet with a Chinese Peace Mission?by Tsuchiya Kōitsu, February 1895 [res_27_160] Sharf Collection, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Japanese Representatives Meet with Chinese Peace Mission. By TSUCHIYA KOITSU, 1895. 

Japanese and Chinese Dignitaries...Successfully Conclude Peace Treaty, By OGATA GEKKO, 1895 (此為日本畫家永地秀太所繪的「馬關簽約」想像圖).   

甲午战后,大清国的全权代表李鸿章赴日谈判,由美国人调解,签下了马关条约,割地又赔款。日本人在椅子的大小和座位的高低上面,似乎并没有做什么手脚。只是在老先生的牙床上面,给补了一枪,把牙病给治好了。

“Illustration of Chinese Generals from Pyongyang Captured Alive?by Migita Toshihide, October 1894 (detail) [2000_380_08] Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Illustration of Chinese Generals from Pyongyang Captured Alive by Migita Toshihide, October 1894

甲午海战的失利,也致使中国的附属国朝鲜陷落,去了大清帝国之一翼。日本的画家,很快就把当时的场面反映在自己的作品中。清朝的官员,是匍伏于地的。这幅作品,使我想起了芷江恰降,只是在芷江,中国将领,对日君降使是好吃好喝好招待的,甚至于连日军的佩刀,都没有下。

网上有台湾国家文化资料馆藏“臺灣賊兵降伏之圖”一幅。与朝鲜那幅风格一致,可能出自一人之手。题曰:1894年中日甲午戰爭後,清廷與日本簽訂“馬關條約”,條約中將臺灣割讓給日本,引起台灣人民成立“臺灣民主國”抵抗,於1895年與征台日軍對抗。本圖即為日人所繪的台灣人民降伏之圖,圖中日軍將臺灣人民包圍,日軍由征蕃都督陸軍中將西鄉從道、叁軍陸軍少將谷于城,和叁軍海軍少將赤松則良率領,聲勢浩大,背景海面為日本船艦航行,可知日軍由海上登陸。作者为卜山口。

中国人忙呀,忙于打内战,抗日战争都胜利60年了,才有这样一幅稍微象样一点的所谓的金奖画像。

丢人呀!

2006-4-25

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席琳 回复 悄悄话 根据网上的介绍,谈判桌的座位安排还是略有不同。因李德高望重,还是受到一点照顾,给了个软靠背。另外在李鸿章遇刺后,为了安全的原因,专门修了一条李鸿章小道:

步入会所,正中间是宽大的谈判桌。出于文物保护需要,现在已用落地玻璃将四周罩了起来,参观者只能透过玻璃罩,观看里面的摆设:一张长形大桌,将谈判者划分两个阵线。桌子一侧为清政府代表,有一把软靠椅和若干硬靠椅。软靠椅是李鸿章的专座,硬靠椅则为其余人员的座位。桌子另一侧,为两把软靠椅及若干硬靠椅,自然是日本方面的座位。每张椅子旁,都立有木板,上书当年某某人之座及其官衔、品级和谈判的身份。
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