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圣经中的植物

(2024-01-17 14:35:12) 下一个

《创世纪》

柏木 Cypress (创世纪6:14)

“你要用柏木造一只方舟,舟内建造一些舱房,内外都涂上沥青。”

Make yourself an ark of cypress wood; make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and out with pitch.

 

葡萄树 Vine 和葡萄园(创世纪9:20;40:9-10)

Noah, a man of the soil, was the first to plant a vineyard.

诺亚是第一个种植葡萄的人

So the chief cupbearer told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, “In my dream there was a vine before me, and on the vine there were three branches. As soon as it budded, its blossoms came out and the clusters ripened into grapes.

「我梦见在我前面有株葡萄树。树上有三根枝子,刚发芽,就生出了花朵,花朵结了熟葡萄。我手拿着法郎的杯,将葡萄挤在法郎的杯中,将杯递在法郎的手内。」

 

橄榄枝 Olive Leaf (创世纪8:11)

傍晚时,那只鸽子飞回他那里,看,嘴里衔着一根绿的橄榄树枝;诺厄于是知道,水已由地上退去。

the dove came back to him in the evening, and there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf

 

橡树(创世纪 12:6, 13:18,18:1, 35:8)

橡树出现了很多次。上帝的天使向亚伯兰显现,准备让莎拉给他生儿子以撒之前,“天正热的时候,亚巴郎坐在帐幕门口,上主在玛默勒橡树林那里,给他显现出来。”(18:1)

哭泣的橡树  圣经写到这里,非常有意思的宕开一笔,写利百加的奶母底波拉死了,就葬在伯特利下边橡树底下。那棵树名叫亚伦巴古 (Allon bachuth )。

Allon bachuth – the oak of weeping, 哭泣的橡树。 这棵树应该就是第12:6中所说那棵橡树: the oka of Moreh.

在刻德士附近的匝阿纳宁橡树旁支搭了帐幕 (士师记411

在舍根的纪念碑前那棵橡树下,立阿彼默肋客为王。(士师记 96

柽柳Tamarisk tree 

亚巴郎在贝尔舍巴栽了一株柽柳,在那里呼求了上主,永恒天主的名。(创世纪21:33 )

Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of the Lord, the Everlasting God.

一日,撒乌耳正坐在基贝亚高处的一棵柽柳下,手里拿着枪,他的臣仆都左右侍立,听说达味和跟随他的人已联合起来,(《撒母耳记》22:6  )

Saul heard that David and those who were with him had been located. Saul was sitting at Gibeah, under the tamarisk tree on the height, with his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing around him.

然后将他们的骨骸收殓起来,埋在雅贝士柽柳下,禁食七天。(《撒母耳记》31:13 )

Then they took their bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

曼陀罗 Mansdrake (创世纪 30:14-16)

Mandrake 是一种什么植物,有让人怀孕的能力吗?

Mandrake, 思高圣经译成蔓陀罗,基督教圣经译作风茄,其根部外型类似人的样子。长期用于巫术仪式,包括今天的威卡教。其根部分叉并长出地表一个褶皱、易碎的卵圆形物,叶为锯齿状,6到16英寸长,类似烟草。春天从颈部伸出许多下垂的花梗,开淡绿色花,将近2英寸宽,果实为球形、多汁的橙色或红色浆果,类似小型的番茄,次年春天成熟。风茄的每一部分都有毒性。它的原产地是欧洲南部和中部、地中海周围地区,以及科西嘉岛。

它被阿拉伯人称为luffâh或beid el-jinn(“妖魔的蛋”)。在小说《哈利·波特与密室》中被称为魔苹果。

风茄的根呈人形,人们传说它是个具有灵性的活物,若把它从土里采出,就像把人从家里抢走一样。因此风茄被拔出时会发出一种剧烈的惨叫声,惨叫声会令采集者精神失常甚至丧命。采集风茄有一种特殊的方法,需要猎号、长绳、饥饿的狗和一块肉。据说风茄只生长在绞刑架下,靠死尸滴下的脂油或血液灌溉成长。因此在月圆之夜,魔法师会用绳子将草牢牢套住,绳子的另一端绑在狗的项圈上,然后魔法师退到安全的地方把肉扔出,狗因饥饿而迅速扑向肉,连着的绳子就会把草从土里拉出来。因此,魔法师要大声吹号盖过草的惨叫。狗听到惨叫声立即毙命,而魔法师则顺利地获得了完整的风茄。 (以上摘自维基百科)

Rachel 看到Leah的大儿子摘了这个,就要,甚至情愿让雅各当晚跟Leah同房。由此可见,两姐妹在争宠上是激烈的,由于雅各更爱Rachel一些,可能天天晚上她到霸占着雅各的,所以这一晚,雅各被Rachel用来交换蔓陀罗了。Leah因此又生了两儿一女。

也不知是蔓陀罗的作用还是天主的怜悯,Rachel最后生了一个儿子Joseph。

 

杨树、杏树、枫树 (创世纪30:37)

fresh rods of poplar and almond and plane, peeled white streaks in them…

 

开心果和杏仁 pistachio nuts, and almond (创世纪 43:11)

他们的父亲以色列对他们说:「如果必须如此,你们就这样做:在行李内带些本地最好的出产,一些香液、蜂蜜、树胶、香料、榧子和杏仁,下去送给那人当作礼物。

Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: take some of the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry them down as a present to the man—a little balm and a little honey, gum, resin, pistachio nuts, and almonds.

 

《出埃及记》

 

纸莎草 Papyrus  (2: 3)

以后不能再藏了,就拿了一个蒲草筐子,涂上沥青和石漆,把孩子放在里面,将筐放在尼罗河边的芦苇丛中。

When she could hide him no longer she got a papyrus basket for him, and plastered it with bitumen and pitch; she put the child in it and placed it among the reeds on the bank of the river.

芦苇 Reeds

见上

 

牛膝草 Hyssop (出12:22)

拿一束牛膝草蘸在盆中血里,用盆中的血,涂在门楣和两旁的门框上;你们中谁也不准离开自己的房门,直到早晨。

Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood in the basin. None of you shall go outside the door of your house until morning.

acacia wood 相思木、金合欢木,

制作约柜的材料、祭坛的材料,质地坚硬。

 

没药,香肉桂,香菖蒲

liquid myrrh, sweet-smelling cinnamon, aromatic can (出30: 23)

 

苏合香、香螺和白松香;与纯乳香 (出30:34)

stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, with pure frankincense

 

棕榈树

她住在以法莲山地拉玛和伯特利中间,在底波拉的棕树下。以色列人都上她那里去听判断。(《士师记》4:5)

 

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阅读 ()评论 (3)
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项狄 回复 悄悄话 我边读边记的。不过都是我的一些小心思,充满对上帝的不敬与亵渎,所以我只贴在博客里,没有发到任何栏目里去,唯恐伤害了宗教人士的心。如果你也信教,先说一声抱歉。能看到这些贴子的人,都算是有缘人。
觉晓 回复 悄悄话 我记得橡树,多次。你的笔记很详细。
觉晓 回复 悄悄话 橡树
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