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中国宣布对加拿大农产品和食品征收关税
Morgan L. Camley, Partner, Vancouver
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morgan.camley@dentons.com
Paul M. Lalonde, Partner, Toronto
D +1 416 361 2372
M +1 416 414 5833
paul.lalonde@dentons.com
Kathryn Gullason, Research Associate, Vancouver
D +1 604 639 4165
2025 年 3 月 21 日
2025 年 3 月 8 日，中国商务部宣布将对加拿大进口的菜籽油、油饼和豌豆征收 100% 的关税，对加拿大水产品和猪肉征收 25% 的关税。这些关税将于 2025 年 3 月 20 日生效，旨在报复加拿大于 2024 年 10 月对中国电动汽车 (EV) 以及钢铁和铝产品征收的关税。这一声明对加拿大的农业和农业食品行业来说是又一次打击，该行业已经做好了应对与美国贸易战影响的准备。
加拿大和中国的贸易打击
2024 年 10 月，加拿大对中国电动汽车征收 100% 的附加税。联邦政府称，加征附加税是为了回应中国普遍使用补贴和宽松的环境标准等非市场政策和做法，人为降低中国电动汽车的生产成本。加拿大还对中国钢铁和铝产品征收了25%的附加税。拜登政府领导下的美国和欧盟也对中国电动汽车征收了类似的附加税。
2025年3月，中国宣布对价值26亿美元的加拿大农业和食品征收报复性关税，该措施定于2025年3月20日生效。中国将对进口的菜籽油、油饼和豌豆征收100%的关税，对加拿大水产品和猪肉征收25%的关税。在宣布报复性关税的同时，中国商务部表示，“加拿大的措施严重违反世界贸易组织规则，是典型的保护主义行为，是严重损害中国合法权益的歧视性措施。”
对加拿大生产商意味着什么
中国宣布的这一举措为加拿大的贸易困境开辟了新战线，加拿大和美国之间已经展开了贸易战。关税可能会对加拿大的农业和农业食品行业产生重大影响。例如，中国是加拿大油菜籽和油菜籽产品的重要市场。据加拿大油菜籽理事会 (CCC) 称，2024 年加拿大对华油菜籽出口额为 49 亿加元，其中包括 200 万公吨油菜籽粕，价值 9.18 亿加元，以及 15,351 公吨油菜籽油，价值 2,060 万加元。 CCC 总裁兼首席执行官 Chris Davison 表示：“在贸易和地缘政治不确定性增加的背景下，中国对加拿大菜籽油和菜籽粕征收的新关税将对菜籽油种植者和更广泛的价值链产生毁灭性影响。” Davison 敦促联邦政府立即与中国接触，以解决贸易争端。加拿大农业联合会 (CFA) 也敦促联邦政府尽一切努力解决与中国的贸易争端，避免对加拿大农产品征收关税。CFA 总裁 Keith Currie 指出，中国征收关税“来得不是时候，因为加拿大生产商已经在打击美国不公平和不合理的贸易行为。”
加拿大的猪肉行业也在为应对与中国和美国的贸易争端的影响做准备。根据加拿大农业信贷银行的数据，2019 年至 2023 年，加拿大平均向美国出口 270,158 吨猪肉，同期向中国出口 262,363 吨猪肉。加拿大猪肉理事会主席雷内·罗伊表示，自中国宣布对加拿大猪肉产品征收 25% 的关税以来，猪肉价格一直波动。
加拿大对华海产品出口市场价值约为 3 亿加元。某些渔业，如不列颠哥伦比亚省的象拔蚌产业，可能会因中国 25% 的关税而提前关闭，而其他渔业则采取观望态度。目前，不列颠哥伦比亚省 95% 的象拔蚌产品销往中国，价值约为 5000 万加元。其他海产品生产商，如新斯科舍省的海参和活龙虾产业，也预计会受到关税的严重打击。
多位加拿大总理敦促联邦政府重新考虑对中国电动汽车征收关税，以避免中国对加拿大农业和农业食品行业进行报复。萨斯喀彻温省省长斯科特·莫伊表示，如果中国继续实施计划中的关税，该省油菜籽压榨厂的工人将失去工作。莫伊表示，“我们的联邦政府需要在选举前采取行动，与中国接触，确保油菜籽行业不会陷入困境。”莫伊还表示，关税将导致油菜籽市场份额下降。不列颠哥伦比亚省省长大卫·埃比也敦促联邦政府重新考虑其关税政策，他说，“我们不想被世界两大经济体夹击。”然而，联邦农业部长
创新、科学和工业部部长 François-Philippe Champagne 最近重申，加拿大不会考虑取消对中国电动汽车以及钢铁和铝产品征收的关税。
为了应对与两个最大贸易伙伴之间日益加剧的贸易紧张局势，加拿大正转向国内，专注于减少内部贸易壁垒。 消除省际贸易壁垒不仅对加拿大的农业和农业食品部门有利，而且对整个经济也有利。 麦克唐纳-劳里埃研究所 2022 年的一份报告估计，消除省际贸易壁垒可使加拿大的 GDP 增长 4.4% 至 7.9%。 请在此处阅读我们之前关于“降低省际贸易壁垒对加拿大农业和农业食品部门的影响”的见解。 受中国新关税影响的行业也在寻求扩大与现有国际贸易伙伴的贸易，并加快在新市场的贸易努力。 最后，生产商正在倡导联邦和省政府提供财政救济。
如需了解有关此主题的更多信息，请联系作者 Morgan Camley、Paul Lalonde 或 Kathryn Gullason，或 Dentons 诉讼和争议解决组或国家监管实践组的成员，他们在农业和农业食品领域拥有专业知识。
访问我们的“应对当今不断变化的关税和贸易环境”中心以获取更多资源。
China announces tariffs targeting Canadian agriculture and food products
March 21, 2025
On March 8, 2025, China’s commerce ministry announced it will apply a 100% tariff on Canadian canola oil, oil cakes and pea imports, and a 25% duty on Canadian aquatic products and pork. The tariffs, which will go into effect on March 20, 2025, are being imposed in retaliation for Canadian tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) and steel and aluminum products, introduced in October 2024. The announcement is another blow to Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry, which was already braced for the impact of a trade war with the United States.
Canada and China trade blows
In October 2024, Canada imposed a 100% surtax on Chinese EVs. According to the federal government, the surtax was imposed in response to China’s pervasive use of non-market policies and practices, such as subsidization and lax environmental standards, to artificially lower production costs of Chinese EVs. Canada also imposed a 25% surtax on Chinese steel and aluminum products. A similar surtax was imposed on Chinese EVs by the United States under the Biden administration, and by the European Union.
In March 2025, China announced it was imposing retaliatory tariffs on over US$2.6 billion of Canadian agriculture and food products, which is scheduled to take effect on March 20, 2025. China will impose a 100% tariff on canola oil, oil cakes and pea imports, and a 25% duty on Canadian aquatic products and pork. Alongside the announcement of the retaliatory tariffs, the Chinese commerce ministry stated that “Canada’s measures seriously violate World Trade Organization rules, constitute a typical act of protectionism and are discriminatory measures that severely harm China’s legitimate rights and interests.”
What it means for Canadian producers
China’s announcement has opened a new front in Canada’s trade woes, with a trade war already underway between Canada and the United States. The tariffs have the potential to significantly affect Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry. For instance, China is a highly valued market for Canadian canola and canola products. According to the Canola Council of Canada (CCC), in 2024 Canada’s canola exports to China were valued at CA$4.9 billion, including 2 million metric tonnes of canola meal, valued at CA$918 million, and 15,351 metric tonnes of canola oil, valued at CA$20.6 million. According to the president and CEO of the CCC, Chris Davison, “[n]ew tariffs from China on Canadian canola oil and meal will have a devastating impact on canola farmers and the broader value chain at a time of increased trade and geopolitical uncertainty.” Davison urged the federal government to engage with China immediately to resolve the trade dispute. The Canadian Federation of Agriculture (CFA) has also urged the federal government to do everything in its power to resolve its trade dispute with China and avoid tariffs on Canadian agricultural products. The CFA’s president, Keith Currie, noted that the Chinese tariffs “could not have come at a worse time as Canadian producers already combat unfair and unjustified trade actions from the United States.”
Canada’s pork industry is also bracing for the impact of a trade dispute with both China and the United States. According to Farm Credit Canada, Canada exported an average of 270,158 tonnes of pork to the United States from 2019 to 2023 and 262,363 tonnes of pork to China over the same period. According to René Roy, chair of the Canadian Pork Council, there has been volatility in pork prices since China announced it was imposing a 25% tariff on Canadian pork products.
Canada’s seafood export market to China is worth approximately CA$300 million. Certain fisheries, such as BC’s geoduck industry, are likely to close early in response to China’s 25% tariffs, while others are taking a wait-and-see approach. 95% of BC’s geoduck industry is currently sold to China, and is worth roughly CA$50 million. Other seafood producers, such as Nova Scotia’s sea cucumber and live lobster industries are also expecting to be hit hard by the tariffs.
Several Canadian premiers have urged the federal government to reconsider its tariffs on Chinese EVs in order to avoid China’s retaliation towards Canada’s agriculture and agri-food industry. According to Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe, workers in the province’s canola crushing plants will lose their jobs if China moves ahead with its planned tariffs. Moe stated that “[t]here needs to be action by our federal government before any election call to engage with China to ensure the canola industry is not left in purgatory.” Moe also stated that the tariffs will result in a loss of the canola market share. BC Premier David Eby has also urged the federal government to reconsider its tariff policy, stating, “[w]e don’t want to get crushed between the two biggest economies in the world.” However, the federal minister of innovation, science and industry, François-Philippe Champagne, recently reaffirmed that Canada is not considering dropping the tariffs it imposed on China’s EVs and steel and aluminum products.
In response to increasing trade tensions with its two largest trading partners, Canada is turning inwards and focusing on reducing internal barriers to trade. Removing barriers to interprovincial trade would be a boon not only to Canada’s agricultural and agri-food sector, but to the economy as a whole. A 2022 report by the Macdonald-Laurier Institute estimates that eliminating interprovincial trade barriers could increase Canada’s GDP between 4.4 and 7.9%. Read our prior insight on “The impact of lower interprovincial trade barriers on Canada’s agriculture and agri-food sector” here. Industries impacted by China’s new tariffs are also seeking to expand trade with existing international trade partners, and accelerate trade efforts in new markets. Finally, producers are advocating for financial relief from the federal and provincial governments.
For more information on this topic, please reach out to the authors, Morgan Camley, Paul Lalonde or Kathryn Gullason, or a member of Dentons’ Litigation and Dispute Resolution group or National Regulatory Practice group, who have expertise in the agricultural and agri-food sector.
Visit our Navigating today’s shifting tariff and trade environment hub for additional resources.
