Justin Trudeau 加拿大为什么要改变移民制度

Justin Trudeau 加拿大为什么要改变移民制度

Why Canada’s changing its immigration system

Justin Trudeau  2024年11月17日 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc

加拿大人口增长非常快，这给我们的住房和基础设施带来了压力。因此，我们做了一些重大的事情来让我们的人口重回正轨。我将向您介绍我们如何改变移民制度，我们在哪里犯了一些错误——以及我们为什么要做出这一重大转变。

00:00：加拿大今天的人口
00:33：永久移民与临时移民
01:16：加拿大的移民目标
01:39：疫情后的繁荣和劳动力短缺
03:21：不良行为者
04:22：加拿大的移民计划
05:37：让我们重回正轨
<<<<<<><><>>>>>>
移民。我们来谈谈吧。在过去的两年里，我们的人口增长非常快，就像“婴儿潮”一样快。而且，越来越多的不良行为者，如假冒大学和大型连锁企业，一直在利用我们的移民系统谋取私利。所以我们正在做一件大事。我们将减少未来三年来加拿大的移民人数。

今天，我将告诉你们发生了什么，我们在哪里犯了一些错误，以及我们为什么要做出这一重大转变。加拿大有两种移民。

你可能最常想到的是永久移民，比如当家庭来到加拿大定居并称之为家时。每年，政府都会确定我们想要接纳的永久居民的正确人数。几十年来一直都是这样做的。

但一个只谈论永久移民的计划忽略了另一条途径：临时移民。

临时居民是来加拿大一段时间的人，比如国际学生、临时工等等。他们来加拿大工作或上学。当工作完成或完成学位后，大多数人会回国。有些人申请以永久居民的身份留下来，但大多数人会回国。那么，回到今年的计划。

从历史上看，加拿大的年度移民计划只考虑永久居民。我们每年接纳的临时学生和工人的数量取决于经济需求。

这通常只占我们人口的一小部分，因此从未成为长期移民计划的一部分。但在疫情过后，我们的经济迅速复苏。我们需要大量工人，而且要快。“加拿大正面临巨大的劳动力短缺。”

临时外国工人已成为我们劳动力的重要组成部分，如果我们在规划移民水平时不将他们纳入其中，那将是一个错误。所以今年，我们第一次这样做了。

我们制定了一项计划，为永久居民和临时居民设定了目标。

这样，我们就可以全面了解进入我们国家的人员，这样我们就可以准备所需的住房和基础设施来支持他们。

就像我说的，移民是基于需求的。当我们设定目标时，我们会考虑每个省和地区。

我们问省长们，“你们的劳动力缺口在哪里？”“你们的人口在增长还是老龄化？”我们接到了企业、首席执行官、经济专家的电话，他们都在分享他们对我们应该将目标设在哪里的想法。

“过去十年来，我们一直面临劳动力短缺的问题。这是加拿大所有制造商面临的头号问题。所以我们认为需要加大力度，让更多的人进入加拿大。”

“安大略省正面临一代人的劳动力短缺。38 万个工作岗位空缺。”毫不奇怪，每个行业在移民方面都有不同的需求。

但在疫情之后，他们都向我们传达了同样的信息：在边境关闭两年后，我们需要更多的人、更多的工人，而且要快。所以我们引进了更多的工人。这是正确的选择。

这个办法奏效了。我们的经济增长了。餐馆和商店重新开业。企业继续营业。但最重要的是，尽管许多经济学家都做出了预测，但我们避免了最坏的情况：经济衰退。

但有些人认为这是获利的机会，是玩弄体制的机会。我们已经看到太多大公司这样做了。“政府表示，在某些情况下，该计划被用来绕过雇用加拿大工人。”

太多的学院和大学利用国际学生来提高他们的利润。“有文凭相当于小狗工厂，只是在大量生产文凭。

存在欺诈和滥用，必须停止。”因为他们可以为这些学生收取数万美元的学费。然后，还有一些真正坏人公然剥削人们，他们以工作、文凭和轻松获得公民身份的途径为目标，向弱势移民承诺——这些承诺永远不会实现。

回想起来，当疫情后的繁荣冷却下来，企业不再需要额外的劳动力帮助时，作为一个联邦团队，我们本可以更快地采取行动，更快地关闭水龙头。

“现在是时候做出调整来稳定我们所需要的移民制度，并让它

这对加拿大人来说是正确的——就目前而言。”

移民主要是联邦政府的工作。我们有能力控制它。所以我们正在这样做。
“这是一个巨大的变化。”“大幅削减移民数量，将永久移民水平降低至少 20%。”“一系列新措施打击临时移民。”“这意味着国际学生、临时外国工人的数量会减少……”

加拿大的新移民计划很简单：减少进入加拿大的新移民数量，包括临时和永久移民。

我们优先考虑拥有我们所需技能的永久居民，比如医院的医护人员和将建造更多房屋的建筑工人。那些已经在加拿大的临时居民呢？有些人会申请以永久居民的身份留在加拿大。由于他们已经在这里定居并工作，因此对社区的额外压力非常小。

或者他们会在临时居留权到期后离开加拿大，从而减少我们的人口。

一些临时居民可能会在签证到期后求助于我们的庇护制度，作为留在加拿大的捷径。

这些申请将得到分析和处理，如果他们的申请失败，他们将被遣返回国。在来来往往的人数之间，我们将在未来两年内有效暂停人口增长。然后，从 2027 年开始，人口将达到平衡，并开始以可持续的速度缓慢增长。事实上，这将使我们回到疫情之前的人口增长路径。

这次暂停将使我们的经济和社区有机会迎头赶上，
例如我们计划建造数百万套房屋。这不会停止。但现在我们在建设时将有更多的喘息空间。

我们将看到更多公司投资于加拿大工人和青年，而不是依赖廉价的外国劳动力。我们对国际学生的限制已经降低了大城市的租金，随着我们保持这一上限，租金将继续下降。
我们正在让这个系统为加拿大人和新移民服务，而不是为利用它的大卖场、连锁餐厅、移民顾问和假大学服务。

移民是一件伟大的事情，我们很幸运有这么多人梦想来到我们的国家。实现这个梦想取决于有一份好工作、一个体面的住所，以及在需要时可以获得的医疗保健。

我们必须确保我们的人口不会领先于这些事情。我可以简而言之吗？人们仍然这么说吗？或者这是 50 年代的表达方式？你可以说，我们会这么做。这是我们的新计划。

减少进入加拿大的新移民数量。包括临时和永久移民。我们优先考虑拥有我们所需技能的永久居民，例如医院的医疗保健工作者和建造更多房屋的建筑工人，以及已经在加拿大的临时居民。

有些人将申请以永久居民身份留在加拿大，这是我们在估计中计划的，因为他们已经在这里定居并工作。对社区施加的额外压力非常小，或者他们会在临时居留权到期后离开加拿大。
减少我们的人口，一些临时居民可能会在签证到期后求助于我们的庇护系统，试图申请庇护作为留在加拿大的捷径。

这些申请将被分析和处理，如果他们的申请失败，他们将被遣送回国。这是我们为打击非法庇护申请并使系统更快、更公平而进行的改革投资的一部分。

在来来往往的人数之间。我们将在未来两年内有效暂停人口增长。然后从 2027 年开始，人口将达到平衡并以可持续的速度缓慢增长。

事实上，这让我们回到了疫情之前的人口增长路径。

Why Canada’s changing its immigration system

Justin Trudeau  2024年11月17日 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc

Canada’s population’s grown really fast, and it’s putting pressure on our housing and infrastructure. So, we did something major to get our population back on track. I’m going to let you in on how we’re changing immigration, where we made some mistakes — and why we’re taking this big turn.

00:00: Canada’s population today
00:33: Permanent vs temporary immigration
01:16: Canada’s immigration targets
01:39: Post-pandemic boom and the labour shortage
03:21: Bad actors
04:22: Canada’s immigration plan
05:37: Getting us back on track
<<<<<<><><>>>>>>
Immigration. Let's talk about it. In the last two years, our population has grown
really fast, like ‘baby boom’ fast. And increasingly, bad actors like fake colleges and
big chain corporations have been exploiting our immigration system for their own interests.So we’re doing something major. We’re reducing the numbers of immigrants that will come to Canada for the next three years.

Today, I'm going to let you in on what happened, where we made some mistakes, and why we're taking this big turn. There are two kinds of immigration in Canada.

The one you probably think of most is permanent immigration, like when families come to Canada to settle and call it home. Every year, the government determines the right number of permanent residents that we want to admit. That's how it's been done for decades.
But a plan that only talks about permanent immigration misses the other pathway: temporary immigration.

Temporary residents are people who come to Canada for a limited time, like international students, temporary workers, and so on. They come to work a job or go to school. When the job is done or when they finish their degree, most return home. Some apply to stay as permanent residents, but most return home. So, back to this year's plan. 

Historically, Canada’s annual immigration plan just looked at permanent residents. The number of temporary students and workers that we admitted each year was left to the demands of the economy.

It was usually a small proportion of our population, so it’s never been a part of the long term immigration plan. But after the pandemic, our economy came roaring back quickly. We needed a lot of workers, fast. “Canada is in the middle of a huge labour shortage.”

Temporary foreign workers became such a significant part of our workforce that it’d be a mistake not to include them, when we plan our immigration levels. So this year, we did exactly that for the first time.

We laid out a plan that sets targets for both permanent and temporary residents.

This way, we’re getting the full breakdown of people coming into our country, so we can prepare the homes and infrastructure needed to support them.

Like I said, immigration is based on demand. When we set our targets, we look at every province and territory.

We ask the premiers, “what are the gaps in your workforce?” “Is your population growing or getting older?” We field calls from businesses, CEOs, economic experts, all sharing their thoughts on where we should set our targets.

"We've had a chronic shortage of labour for the last decade. It is the number one issue of all manufacturers across Canada. So we think it needs to be more, you know, push the pedal to the floor to bring more people into Canada."

"Ontario is facing a generational labour shortage. 380,000 jobs are going unfilled."
It’s no surprise that every sector has different wants and needs when it comes to immigration.

But after the pandemic, they all came to us with the same message: After two years with closed borders, we need more people, more workers, fast. So we brought in more workers.
It was the right choice. 

It worked. Our economy grew. Restaurants and stores reopened. Businesses kept running.
But most importantly, in spite of lots of economists’ predictions, we avoided the worst case scenario: a recession.

But some saw that as an opportunity to profit, to game the system. We’ve seen way too many large corporations doing this. “The government says the program has been used to get around hiring Canadian workers, in some instances.”

Far too many colleges and universities used international students to raise their bottom line. “There are the diploma equivalent of puppy mills that are just churning out diplomas.

There is fraud and abuse, and it needs to end.” Because they could charge these students
tens of thousands of dollars more for the same degree. And then, there are really bad actors who outright exploit people, who target vulnerable immigrants with promises of jobs, diplomas, and easy pathways to citizenship — promises that would never come true.

Looking back, when the post-pandemic boom cooled and businesses, no longer needed the additional labour help, as a federal team, we could have acted quicker, and turned off the taps faster.

“Now, it is time to make the adjustments to stabilize the immigration system that we need, and get it working right for Canadians — for right now.”

Immigration is primarily a federal job. We have the levers to rein it in. So we are.
“This is a big change.” “A major cut to immigration reducing permanent immigration levels
by at least 20%.” “New string of measures to clamp down on temporary immigrants.” “That means a decrease in international students, temporary foreign workers...”

Canada’s new immigration plan is straightforward: Lower the number of new immigrants coming into Canada, both temporary and permanent.

We’re prioritizing permanent residents with the skills we need, like health care workers for our hospitals and construction workers who will build more homes. And those temporary residents who are already in Canada? Some will apply to stay in Canada as permanent residents. Since they’re already here established and working, the added pressure put on communities is very low.

Or they’ll leave Canada when their temporary residency expires, reducing our population.
Some temporary residents may turn to our asylum system, when their visa expires, as a shortcut to stay in Canada.

Those claims will be analyzed and processed, and if their claim fails, they’ll be sent home. Between the amount of people coming and going, we will effectively pause population growth for the next two years. Then, from 2027 onwards, it’ll balance out and slowly start increasing again at a sustainable pace. In fact, that gets us back to the population growth path we were on before the pandemic.

This pause is going to give our economy and our communities the chance to catch up,
with things like our plan to build millions more homes. That’s not stopping. But now we’ll have a little more breathing room as we build.

We'll see more corporations investing in Canadian workers and youth rather than relying on cheap foreign labour. Our cap on international students is already bringing rental prices down in big cities, and as we keep that cap in place, rents will keep coming down.
We’re making the system work for Canadians and for newcomers, rather than for the big box stores, chain restaurants, immigration consultants, and sham colleges that exploit it.

Immigration is a great thing, and we’re lucky that so many people dream of coming to our country. Fulfilling that dream depends on having a good job, a decent place to live, and health care that you can access when you need it.

We have to make sure our population isn’t getting out ahead of those things. Can I say in a nutshell. The people still say that? Or is that a like, a 50s expression? You could just. Say, we're going to. Here's our new plan.

Lower the number of new immigrants coming into Canada. Both temporary and permanent. We're prioritising permanent residents with the skills we need, like health care workers
for our hospitals and construction workers who build more homes, and those temporary residents who are already in Canada.

Some will apply to stay in Canada as permanent residents, which we've planned for in our estimates since they're already here established and working. The added pressure put on communities is very low, or they'll leave Canada when their temporary residency expires.

Reducing our population some temporary residents may turn to our asylum system when their visa expires, attempting to claim asylum as a shortcut to stay in Canada.

Those claims will be analysed and processed, and if their claim fails, they'll be sent home. It's part of the investments in the reforms we're making to crack down on illegitimate asylum claims and to make the system faster and fairer.

Between the amount of people coming and going. We'll effectively pause population
growth for the next two years. Then from 2027 onwards, it'll balance out and slowly start increasing again at a sustainable pace. 

In fact, this gets us back to the population growth path we were on before the pandemic.