美国波士顿大学智库:中国“债务陷阱论”没有根据
2023年05月07日转自:CGTN
当地时间2015年9月20日,埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴,乘客搭乘有轨电车。该电车是撒哈拉以南非洲地区第一条全电动轻轨。工程耗资超过4.75亿美元,资金85%由中国进出口银行提供,由中国中铁(7.340, -0.18, -2.39%)承建。/视觉中国(16.540, -0.16, -0.96%)
近年来,中国为海外发展项目提供了大量融资,大多流向发展中国家。但在西方决策层——尤其是美国,开始对中国融资的影响表示担忧,担心中国是否在进行“债务陷阱外交”,即刻意向另一国提供大量的贷款,在债务国无法履行债务义务时,夺取其战略性公共资产或占据战略主动。
Currently, China provides a large amount of financing for overseas development projects. This has raised concerns, within U.S. policymaking circles in particular, on the impact of Chinese finance, and whether China engages in "debt trap diplomacy," in the event of non-repayment.
近日,美国波士顿大学全球发展政策研究中心学者发表题为《解密中国海外借款和发展融资》的报告,列举事实指出中国从未蓄意开展所谓“债务陷阱外交”。
Recently, scholars at the Boston University Global Development Policy Center published a report entitled Demystifying Chinese Overseas Lending and Development Finance--- Why China Became the World'sLargest Official Bilateral Lender
https://www.bu.edu/gdp/files/2023/04/GCI_PB_018_Chinas_OLDF_FIN.pdf
debunking the "debt trap diplomacy" narrative.
作者分析了8个所谓的“债务陷阱外交”案例,并没有发现任何证据表明中国贷款的最终目标是夺取他国战略性公共资产或占据战略主动。
The authors analyzed eight cases of the so-called debt trap diplomacy and found no evidence that the ultimate goal of Chinese loans was to seize strategic public assets or gain strategic leverage in the event of default.
报告指出,中国贷款增加是供给“推动”和需求“拉动”的结果。
The report noted that the increase in lending in China is a result of both supply "push" and demand "pull" factors.
供给“推动”因素包括:中国的账户盈余、进口的需要以及政府对外融资的政策支撑。
Several key "push" factors have driven China's overseas lending and development finance (OLDF), including China's current account surplus, the need to secure imports and government policies and mechanisms specifically encouraging outward finance.
而受援国需求的“拉动”因素包括填补资金缺口、核心基础设施建设需要以及对中国融资的偏好。最终,对外部资金的需求取决于受援国自身发展的政策目标和优先事项。
The "pull" factors representing recipient country demand include the need to fill finance gaps, address core infrastructure needs and a preference for Chinese finance. Ultimately, the demand for external finance is based on recipient countries' policy goals and priorities.
作者表示,“债务陷阱外交”的说法存在概念性问题。
The authors say there are conceptual problems with the idea of "debt trap diplomacy".
首先,它忽略了中国的发展融资在很大程度上是由受援国的需求驱动的;其次,此说法默认受援国没有严格控制其公共资产的能力,并愿意放弃这些资产;第三,这种说法忽略了一个事实,即中国的金融机构和全球的金融机构一样强调盈利,希望尽可能避免拖欠还款。
First, the narrative ignores the extent to which Chinese-funded projects are driven by the needs of recipient countries; Second, it assumes that the recipient country has no firm control over its public assets and is willing to give them up. Third, this ignores the fact that Chinese financiers, like their global counterparts, emphasize profits and seek to avoid non-repayment.
作者表示,在国际协作最为紧迫之际,这一充满政治色彩的论调加剧了美国和中国在发展融资问题上的紧张态势。当前,重点应放在解决新兴市场和发展中经济体紧迫的基础设施和气候融资缺口上,为实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标奠定更坚实的基础。
The authors said the politically charged narrative had exacerbated tensions between China and the U.S. over development finance at a time when global co-ordination was most urgent. Instead, the focus should be on addressing the pressing infrastructure and climate finance gaps in emerging market and developing economies to put them on a stronger footing to achieve the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.