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南海——2016 的七国外长的广岛海事安全声明

(2016-04-14 16:05:43) 下一个

周一（2016年4月11日）七国外长的广岛海事安全声明（G7 Foreign Minister’s Statement on Maritime Security ）引起了海内外很多中国人的不同的反应。尤其是中国政府召见G7驻中国的（日本）大使和（其他各国）公使的抗议，是最近少有的情况。

海事安全的声明，最早可以追溯到2013年4月11日，当时在北爱尔兰的Lough Erne，还是G8外长会议中以会议声明的方式提出，当时主要讨论的是索马里海盗问题（只字不提南海问题）。第二次是去年（2015年4月15日）七国外长在德国的吕贝克（Lubeck）也发表了（第一次以）一个专门的海事安全声明（当中包括很多有关全球海事安全的问题），其中开始谈到南（中国）海问题。在去年的声明中强调实行南海行为准则（Code of Conduct in the South China Sea，或COC）和支持东南亚合作组织的南海各国行为声明（ASEAN Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea，或DOC）。

今年的海事安全声明，和以往的不同在于两个主要方面。其一，前提是在东海和南海；其二，加入了7个声明国的主张。第一点自然是日本人的小动作——将东海问题塞入声明中，第二点则是要特别注意——美国人（和日本人）将它的主张强加在其他5国的头上——加拿大，法国，德国，意大利，和英国还没有对南海问题有强硬的官方的声明。

但无论如何，这是一次8国联军式的宣战。中国必须准备好。在南海和菲律宾（美国），在东海和日本（美国），在台湾（美国）问题上，现在是真正考验智慧的时候了。愿上帝保佑中国！

附：2015年4月15日七国外长的海事安全声明（只摘录有关南海问题的部分）

We call for the acceleration of work on a comprehensive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea and, in the interim, emphasise our support for the 2002 ASEAN Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. We highlight the constructive role of practical confidence-building measures, such as the establishment of direct links of communication in cases of crisis and efforts to establish guiding principles and rules to govern activities, such as the ASEAN – China talks on a Code of Conduct on the South China Sea. We encourage States to do their utmost to implement their commitments, and we intend to assist them within the scope of our abilities and regional priorities. We furthermore welcome initiatives on maritime security in relevant fora, such as the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum, the EU-ASEAN cooperation, and regionally based Coast Guard Forums.

附：2016年4月11日七国外长的海事安全声明（只摘录有关南海问题的部分）

We are concerned about the situation in the East and South China Seas, and emphasize the fundamental importance of peaceful management and settlement of disputes. We express our strong opposition to any intimidating, coercive or provocative unilateral actions that could alter the status quo and increase tensions, and urge all states to refrain from such actions as land reclamations including large scale ones, building of outposts, as well as their use for military purposes and to act in accordance with international law including the principles of freedoms of navigation and over flight. In areas pending final delimitation, we underline the importance of coastal states refraining from unilateral actions that cause permanent physical change to the marine environment insofar as such actions jeopardize or hamper the reaching of the final agreement, as well as the importance of making every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of a practical nature, in those areas. We encourage further engagement in confidence building measures such as dialogue which seek to build trust and security in the region. We call for the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in its entirety and the early establishment of an effective Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC).

• 南海——2016 的七国外长的广岛海事安全声明 - CNNed - ♂ (4917 bytes) (3574 reads) 04/14/2016 16:05:43