花似鹿葱 据捷克电视台和法兰西24电视台(France24)12日报道，著名作家米兰·昆德拉在巴黎去世，享年94岁。 米兰·昆德拉1929年出生于捷克斯洛伐克，1975年移居法国。在多年的写作生涯中，他创作了多部... » 2023-07-12 06:48:02 ( 2275 reads)
translate 《生命中不能承受之輕》 to English:
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The translation of 《生命中不能承受之輕》 into English is "The Unbearable Lightness of Being."
The Unbearable Lightness Of Being
- Drama • 1988
- Actors: Daniel Day-Lewis, Juliette Binoche, Lena Olin
- Director: Philip Kaufman
The Unbearable Lightness of Being - Milan Kundera (Complete Audiobook)
The Unbearable Lightness of Being Milan Kindera part 1 The Unbearable Lightness of Being Milan Kindera part 2
所有跟帖：
• 沙发，赞啊！ -lovecat08- 
(0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:11:23
• 很多人都没回到祖国啊！我的父母，就是老死台湾。 -lovecat08- (0 bytes) (4 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:13:02
• 终身遗憾！他们也老想回上海看看。。。。。。 -lovecat08- (0 bytes) (3 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:14:07
• 捷克早已自由民主化了，他在生前就可以重回祖国的。当然，不必舍弃法国，回乡省亲沒问题的。 -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (4 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:30:19
• 他不一样啊！他是流亡被开除国籍呢！当然，后来邀请回国恢复国籍，但他不愿。。。 -花似鹿葱- (0 bytes) (8 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:18:04
• 是不一样。毛政府，还宽容我老爸，如果他要回上海，在刚开始的时候。。。。。 -lovecat08- (0 bytes) (11 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:22:06
• 际遇各有不同。再说，今天捷克人，有多少还是昆德拉的铁粉呢？ -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:48:26
• 花姐说得对。他选择留居法国。 -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:32:01
• 我老爸选择留在台湾，因为回上海，就是黑五类，没好果子吃。 -lovecat08- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:37:15
• 捷克總理近年接見他，給他恢復國籍了，捷克駐法大使親自給他送國籍證件。 -春日遲遲- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:10:30
• 看過《生命中不能承受之輕》書和電影，覺得挺好看。 -春日遲遲- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:13:51
• 翻出他的书，向他致敬？没这么容易，得交一篇心得来 -老键- (0 bytes) (4 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:17:35
• 读过英译本，感觉上写得杂乱些，尤其是“The Unbearable...” 风格疑似意识流，知识分子喜欢的。我则兴趣不大 -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (3 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:45:53
• 听过中文版，同感，有时完全是议论文体 -颤音- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:15:16
• 听过中文版，同感，有时完全是议论文体 -颤音- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:15:16
• 老键好！ -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:49:43
• 老键敲我脑壳呀！遵命，重新翻来读读。。。。 -花似鹿葱- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 09:08:03
• The struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (2 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:35:43
• against forgetting. Kundera: （历史）是记忆与遗忘之间的斗争。 -renqiulan- (0 bytes) (3 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 07:37:52
• 小R说的准确！ -花似鹿葱- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 09:10:08
• 所以历史总是重复，人性的弱点使然 -颤音- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:16:39
• 法国自由，捷克专制，和我们大多数人一样啊，后来习惯了也就以法国为家乡了，毕竟入籍法国了，入籍的同时也等于放弃捷克。 -丹哥- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 08:20:54
• 早就听说过事迹和作品，但还没有读过。 -唐宋韵- (0 bytes) (2 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 10:56:43
• 第一次看到他的照片，看来没少喝酒，小说听过，电影看过，比诺什的眼睛让人难忘 -颤音- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:13:09
• 女主有種法式的典雅之美，覺得她在《藍色》中更好看。 -春日遲遲- (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:15:43
• 嗯，那个电影的poster她的确美 -颤音- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:17:24
• 接近20年前读过他的书，并没有读懂，只是被哪种淡淡的忧伤和压抑吸引，连读了好几本。 -邵丰慧- (140 bytes) (8 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:39:49
• 是有那種感覺。 -春日遲遲- (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/12/2023 postreply 11:44:19
来源: 土豆-禾苗 于 2023-07-13 11:44:42 [档案] [博客] [旧帖] [给我悄悄话] 本文已被阅读： 2076 次 (8056 bytes)
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米兰·昆德拉的“告密”
闻米兰·昆德拉去世，享年94，于是又打开维基网站看了一些有关他以及那个时代的词条。对这类话题，我喜欢看日英中三个版本，因为不同语种对同一个人同一件事情的叙述差异非常有意思。
下面的几段文字大半是从日语版那里节选过来，当然，我做了一些修改补充，（中文维基中没有），如有错误请指出：
昆德拉被公认为是一位反共反独裁的作家。
然而，2008 年 10 月，一条关于昆德拉的档案记录被公开出来：二战后，一位捷克飞行员流亡至西德，并于1950 年作为情报人员潜入（回到）捷克。昆德拉从一位熟人那里得知了他的去向并向警方举报（告密/揭发？），飞行员被捕。
冷战后，捷克政府成立了一个“捷克极权制度研究所”，专门搜集管理那个时代的各种官方资料，其中包括那期间秘密警察的档案资料。捷克《尊重》周刊就是在那里发现了有关昆德拉告密的资料，然后报道了出来，也附上了文件副本。 那位被捕的飞行员，资料显示其被判处22年监禁、罚款1万克朗、没收财产、剥夺公民身份，其中14年为强迫劳动，在铀矿等地工作。
昆德拉断然否认这些记录，指责这些为捏造材料。确实，这份秘密警察的记录中，虽然有昆德拉的名字，但没有他的签字或具体身份证信息；再加上秘密警察也确实经常伪造甚至捏造文件，所以这份2008年被发现的记录，其事情真假很难断定。
然而，有意思的是，除了我们熟悉的《生命中难以承受之轻》，昆德拉的很多作品中有关于“背叛”的故事情节，尤其是《笑话》这部1967年出版的小说，描绘的就是共产党体制下的封闭生活，主人公因朋友的背叛而被大学开除，并被送往矿山服劳役。《笑话》中的这些故事情节，由于其和2008年被发现的记录有太多的“一致”性，有人猜测昆德拉的这些作品就是基于他的真实经历而写。
（相关内容英语维基中写的更加详细：Miroslav Dvo?á?ek controversy）
这几天，对“冷战后昆德拉不回捷克”这个老话题又出了很多分析文章，都蛮有意思的，文人的发挥。昆德拉为什么不回捷克，或者说为什么冷处理和捷克新政府的关系？我不知道，反正把他同那位《我的祖国》中的库贝利克（Rafael Jeronym Kubelik）做对比，蛮有意思的。我对所有的人物都会用一句：蛮有意思的。
告密，举报，揭发……在一些特殊社会环境中，这些单词即便具有明确的定义界限，但在我看来都是一回事儿，都是领导领袖们安排给大家的“工作”，是不同身份的你们必须要做的工作！
“忠诚不彻底就是彻底不忠诚”。极权环境中，有些人无需自我麻痹更无需命令就能充当打手干出恶事狠事，有些人则得先玩一通文字游戏自我麻痹一下才能干得出。想起那部2006年的电影《窃听风暴 Das Leben der Anderen》（虚构的好事儿），还有更早的《雷恩的女儿 Ryan's Daughter》。
告密，举报，揭发……不必试图区分这些单词的定义，更不必用那些定义来决定/解释自己的行为，行为之前请尽量自问自责自己的心，因为你知道你所处环境的性质！
道德，良心与怜悯，打这些字太容易，但究竟能在多少人内心中起作用？我知道，以我的性格，如果我继续呆在那种环境中，我身上所有的恶都会释放出来，即便我也背得出“枪口抬高1厘米”“鸡蛋高墙，我要做鸡蛋”等这类金句……但这些理论就是那么地苍白无力，根本竞争不过实际利益，特别是当你的“生存权”也被作为交易筹码。
《除了“怂”，我们还能做什么？》
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所有跟帖：
? 请不要送城头，谢谢。 -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 11:46:18
? 这个传说我绝对相信，这就是人性。就好像那些在美国骂美国夸独裁者偷情报回去的人，是一样的。但是有危险他们绝对是先跑出国的。 -咲媱- 给 咲媱 发送悄悄话 咲媱 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (8 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 12:43:38
? 传说可以很精彩，但事实胜于传说。“为什么捷克斯洛伐克和苏联当局没有使用这份文件让昆德拉名誉扫地？” 链接在内 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (148 bytes) (26 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 13:05:28
? “传说可以很精彩，但事实胜于传说”，哥们的语句还是蛮富有那个年代特点的。你这个链接，没有证明出“事实”啊，只是属于 -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (103 bytes) (10 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 15:16:53
? 前捷克和苏联当局没有公开这份文件，就是事实啊。 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (8 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 15:51:13
? 那你“传说可以很精彩，但事实胜于传说”这句话中的“传说”是指什么？我和咲媱 讲的是： -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (915 bytes) (13 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 16:33:10
? 指的是那份2008年被发现的文件副本，还有昆德拉曾向警方“告密”的传言。 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 16:45:11
? 那个文件副本本身也是一个事实，但毕竟那份副本所写的内容未必是事实，所以有了各种猜测…秘密警察的工作方式，我不能说给你听 -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (3 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 16:48:48
? 假如“告密”是如副本所描述的，那么前捷克当局完全没必要秘密监视昆德拉10年，只需请他出来喝杯咖啡，然后把那份文件 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (1190 bytes) (6 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:11:10
? “这个传说我绝对相信”……我是80%不信20%信，如果一定要二选一的话，我会选择不信。 -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 13:52:39
? 在《寻找米兰·昆德拉》一书中，阿丽亚娜·舍曼首次揭露了捷克国家安全局在1969年到1979年十年之间对昆德拉的全面监控， -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (5975 bytes) (23 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 12:54:58
? 中文里说“有意思”，根据上下语境，可以是英文里的 -糯米粥- 给 糯米粥 发送悄悄话 糯米粥 的博客首页 (244 bytes) (19 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 13:04:41
? 根据我对英语的小学生级别理解，我会说糯米今天特别fascinating，大多数情况属于Interesting，とても～ -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 13:59:40
? 为啥对英语这么反感， -糯米粥- 给 糯米粥 发送悄悄话 糯米粥 的博客首页 (235 bytes) (2 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:26:07
? 不是反感，是水平不够 -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:28:21
? 他出生在1929年，50年才21岁。46年捷克转向共产的时候，他才17岁，成为热血青年可以说是很顺理成章，没什么奇怪。 -freemanli01- 给 freemanli01 发送悄悄话 freemanli01 的博客首页 (514 bytes) (25 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 13:50:46
? 昆德拉曾两次被开除出党。 他第一次被开除出党是在1950年，只因为他说了 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (633 bytes) (7 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:33:41
? 从你给的资料看，更可以理解他的行为，他年轻时真的相信党，他的行为也不是朋友间的告密，而是抓“真正的特务"。 -freemanli01- 给 freemanli01 发送悄悄话 freemanli01 的博客首页 (876 bytes) (4 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:11:15
? 其实我觉得 -糯米粥- 给 糯米粥 发送悄悄话 糯米粥 的博客首页 (110 bytes) (6 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:18:47
? 人的思想和行为是有连贯性的。昆德拉的父亲是钢琴家、音乐教授，当过音乐学院院长。昆德拉十三四岁时，正值二战时期， -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (590 bytes) (2 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:50:24
? 如我在前面提到的，如果告密确实发生，那么前捷克当局不会傻到不使用它。传言，推测和事实是3个不同的东西。 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:30:24
? 或许。我是有意回避了真假，只是就”假如是真“，觉得也可以理解其心理规律，不觉得很超乎想象到要跳起来的地步。 -freemanli01- 给 freemanli01 发送悄悄话 freemanli01 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:51:31
? 有意思 -颤音- 给 颤音 发送悄悄话 颤音 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 15:56:37
? 土豆最后几段深刻，告密，举报，揭发为生存自保都是挺悲哀的事，如果良心未泯的，在以后的日子里会陷入自责。 -核桃小丸子- 给 核桃小丸子 发送悄悄话 核桃小丸子 的博客首页 (205 bytes) (12 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 16:49:31
? 你说出了我想说的话。在那样的环境里为了生存，不知道自己会干嘛，只是很庆幸我现在和今后都不需要做那样的选择。 -酒绿春浓- 给 酒绿春浓 发送悄悄话 酒绿春浓 的博客首页 (369 bytes) (6 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:25:02
? 小酒，烂泥扶不上钱本来就没啥可说的，一个放牛班学生的成绩也就那样了，但一个优等生成绩的滑落才更让人痛心，更要关注 -核桃小丸子- 给 核桃小丸子 发送悄悄话 核桃小丸子 的博客首页 (129 bytes) (11 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:36:11
? 我觉得土豆兄的最后几段，是基于传言的推测。如果某人在“告密”的同一年被开除出党，那么 -Shubin- 给 Shubin 发送悄悄话 Shubin 的博客首页 (149 bytes) (9 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:51:20
? 咲媱 那篇日瓦格医生/生命之轻中一句“不逃离的下场/离开的时候”，让我想写几句…我也非常理解他一定要普京输掉的狠劲儿~ -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:26:49
? 共产党国家都一个德行，整个社会就跟 -酒绿春浓- 给 酒绿春浓 发送悄悄话 酒绿春浓 的博客首页 (209 bytes) (11 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 17:29:28
? 凡讲到共产党国家的事儿，就常碰到几个家伙组队要我：摆事实讲道理，不信谣不传谣，不要自己吓自己，不学张爱玲潜逃~ :)) -土豆-禾苗- 给 土豆-禾苗 发送悄悄话 土豆-禾苗 的博客首页 (0 bytes) (3 reads) 07/13/2023 postreply 18:46:47
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In "The Unbearable Lightness of Being," Tereza's exploration of having sex with another man reflects her personal struggles, desires, and search for meaning within her relationship with Tomas.
Tereza feels a profound sense of insecurity and vulnerability due to Tomas's numerous affairs and his refusal to commit to her fully. She longs for stability, commitment, and a sense of belonging, which she believes can be found through a monogamous relationship. However, Tomas embodies the concept of lightness and resists traditional notions of commitment and exclusivity.
Tereza's decision to have sex with another man can be seen as an attempt to regain a sense of control over her own desires and her own body. It is a way for her to explore her own sexuality outside the confines of her relationship with Tomas. By engaging in this act, Tereza seeks to assert her independence, to feel desired and valued, and to find a sense of autonomy that she may feel is lacking in her relationship with Tomas.
Additionally, Tereza's exploration may be viewed as an act of defiance against the societal expectations placed upon women. She challenges the traditional roles and norms that dictate women should be faithful and subservient to their partners. In this way, her decision to engage in sexual encounters with another man can be seen as a form of personal liberation and a reclaiming of her own agency.
It's important to note that Tereza's exploration of having sex with another man is complex and deeply intertwined with her emotional journey throughout the story. It reflects her inner conflicts, desires for intimacy, and her attempts to navigate a relationship that constantly oscillates between lightness and heaviness.
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her act damaged her relationship with Thomas. right?
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Yes, Tereza's decision to have sex with another man does indeed have a significant impact on her relationship with Tomas and causes damage to their bond. While her intention might have been to assert her independence and explore her own desires, the consequences of her actions create a rift between them.
Tomas, who had previously engaged in numerous extramarital affairs himself, is deeply hurt and feels betrayed by Tereza's actions. He struggles with feelings of jealousy, insecurity, and a sense of loss of control. The trust between them is shaken, and their relationship becomes strained as a result.
Tomas's response to Tereza's infidelity varies throughout the story, but at times, he retaliates by having his own affairs. This further compounds the damage to their relationship and creates a cycle of hurt and betrayal. The once stable and loving foundation of their relationship becomes fractured and destabilized.
While Tereza's exploration may have been driven by her desire for independence and self-discovery, it inadvertently leads to the erosion of the trust and intimacy between her and Tomas. Their relationship becomes characterized by a constant struggle to reconcile their differing desires and needs, ultimately adding weight to the "unbearable lightness" they both experience.
It is worth noting that the complexities of their relationship extend beyond this particular incident, and their dynamic is influenced by various factors throughout the story. However, Tereza's act of infidelity does play a significant role in damaging the trust and stability of their relationship.
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"The Unbearable Lightness of Being," both a novel by Milan Kundera and a film adaptation directed by Philip Kaufman in 1988, explores several interconnected themes. At its core, the work delves into the philosophical concept of the "lightness" of human existence and the implications it has on personal relationships, freedom, and the search for meaning in life.
One of the central ideas in the novel is the contrast between lightness and heaviness. Kundera suggests that human existence is inherently light because it lacks a predetermined purpose or meaning. He argues that unlike traditional religious or metaphysical beliefs, which assign a definite weight and significance to actions and events, life is essentially free-floating, without any ultimate significance. This lightness creates a sense of uncertainty, impermanence, and the potential for existential angst.
The characters in the novel, primarily Tomas, Tereza, and Sabina, grapple with this existential condition. Tomas, a womanizer and a surgeon, epitomizes the lightness of being by refusing to commit to any one woman or ideology. He seeks constant erotic adventures, believing that love and sex can provide fleeting moments of weightlessness and escape from the burden of existence.
On the other hand, Tereza represents the desire for heaviness, seeking stability, commitment, and a meaningful connection in her relationship with Tomas. She longs for the weightiness of love and a sense of rootedness, but struggles to find it in a world where lightness prevails.
Sabina, a painter and Tomas's mistress, embodies the lightness of being in her rejection of conventional morality and her pursuit of personal freedom and artistic expression. She embraces a hedonistic lifestyle, resisting any kind of attachment that might tie her down.
The novel also explores the political backdrop of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and its impact on the characters' lives. It examines the tension between personal freedom and political oppression, highlighting the struggles faced by individuals under an authoritarian regime.
In summary, "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" contemplates the meaning of life, the ephemeral nature of existence, and the tension between lightness and heaviness. It invites readers to reflect on the choices individuals make in the pursuit of love, freedom, and personal fulfillment in a world where everything is transient and devoid of inherent significance.
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the ending?
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The ending of "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" is open to interpretation and has sparked various discussions among readers and viewers of the film adaptation. Without revealing specific plot details, I can provide a general overview of the ending's significance.
In the novel, the ending explores the concept of eternal return, a philosophical idea attributed to Friedrich Nietzsche. Eternal return suggests that everything in the universe recurs infinitely, and one must live each moment as if it were to repeat eternally. Kundera uses this concept to further explore the themes of lightness and heaviness and their impact on personal choices and relationships.
The ending of the novel suggests a possible reconciliation between lightness and heaviness, as the characters come to accept the transient nature of life and find solace in their connections with others. It emphasizes the importance of embracing love, personal connections, and meaningful relationships in the face of life's inherent uncertainty and lack of ultimate meaning.
However, it is important to note that the ending is deliberately ambiguous, leaving room for individual interpretation. Some readers perceive a sense of hope and affirmation in the characters' choices, while others may find a more somber or even tragic undertone. The ending invites readers to reflect on their own understanding of the themes presented throughout the novel and draw their own conclusions about the characters' fates and the overall message of the story.
It's worth mentioning that film adaptations sometimes make changes to the original text, so if you're specifically referring to the ending of the 1988 film adaptation, it may differ slightly from the novel's conclusion.