野外采蘑菇知识收集

除了几本彩色图书， 我最近也看一些北美同胞的采菇经验贴：

 

 http://hx.cnd.org/?p=251079

 

 

By AI:

 

No, it's not too late at all—in fact, mid-October is often one of the best times of the year for foraging mushrooms in temperate woodlands of the Northern Hemisphere. The cooler temperatures and increased moisture from fall rains trigger many species to fruit abundantly, especially after summer's dry spell.

### Why October is Prime Time
- **Peak Species Availability**: Common edibles like chanterelles, hen of the woods (maitake), lion's mane, honey mushrooms, and blewits often hit their stride in September through October. Late-fall specialists, such as hedgehogs and yellowfoot chanterelles, may even persist into November or December in milder climates.
- **Regional Variations**: In the Pacific Northwest or Northeast U.S./Canada, expect a bounty right now if there's been recent rain. In the Southwest, some like desert shaggy mane appear through early autumn. European woodlands follow a similar pattern.
- **Weather Matters**: Success depends on local conditions—damp, overcast days boost flushes, while prolonged dry spells can delay them. Check recent rainfall in your area.

### Quick Foraging Tips
- **Safety First**: Only harvest what you can positively identify; many lookalikes are toxic. Use a field guide or app like iNaturalist, and consider joining a local mycology group for guided hunts.
- **Sustainable Practices**: Cut mushrooms at the base rather than pulling, and take only what you'll use. Avoid overharvesting rare species.
- **Where to Look**: Focus on deciduous woods with oaks, beeches, or conifers. Edge habitats (meadows meeting forest) are hotspots.

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• Oaks（橡树，Quercus属）：中文名为“橡树”（xiàng shù）。
• Beeches（山毛榉树，Fagus属）：中文名为“山毛榉”（shān máo zhòu）。
• Conifers（针叶树类，松科等）：中文名为“针叶树”（zhēn yè shù）或“针叶树类”。

Conifers： 包括但不限于：

 

• Pine（松树，Pinus属）：中文名为“松树”（sōng shù）。
• Spruce（云杉，Picea属）：中文名为“云杉”（yún shān）。
• Fir（冷杉，Abies属）：中文名为“冷杉”（lěng shān）。
• Hemlock（铁杉，Tsuga属）：中文名为“铁杉”（tiě shān）。
• Cedar（雪松，Cedrus属）：中文名为“雪松”（xuě sōng）。
• Tamarack（落叶松，Larix laricina）：中文名为“落叶松”（luò yè sōng）。

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https://nature-mentor.com/how-to-identify-coniferous-trees/

 

### 什么是针叶树？（针叶树与落叶树的区别）

地球上所有的树木都可以归为两大类：落叶树和针叶树。

大多数人通过针叶树具有针状叶（或鳞状叶）这一特点来辨识它们，这些叶子会在整个冬天都留在树上。正因如此，针叶树也被称为常绿树。（尽管并非所有情况都如此，我们将在后面的部分讨论例外情况）

“针叶树”这个名称实际上来源于这些树木会产生球果的事实，球果是它们传播种子的工具。

 

All trees on planet earth can be lumped into two broad categories: deciduous trees and coniferous trees.

Most people discern coniferous trees by the fact that they have needles (or scales) that stay on the tree all winter long. For this reason, coniferous trees are also known as evergreen trees. (though this is not true in every case, and we’ll get to exceptions in a later section)

The name “coniferous” actually comes from the fact that these trees make cones, which are their delivery device for seeds.

 

 

### 落叶树与针叶树的主要区别

落叶树（Deciduous trees）和针叶树（Coniferous trees）是树木的两大主要分类，主要基于叶子的形态、季节变化和生长习性。以下是它们的对比总结：

方面	落叶树（Deciduous Trees）	针叶树（Coniferous Trees）
叶子形态	阔叶（宽大、扁平，如枫叶、橡树叶）	针状或鳞状叶（细长、针形，如松针、云杉针）
季节变化	秋季落叶（冬季休眠，春季再生新叶）	大多数常绿（全年保持叶子，仅部分落叶松例外）
树皮与木材	硬木（密度高、纹理美观，常用于家具）	软木（密度低、易加工，常用于纸浆、建筑）
种子类型	通常通过果实或荚果传播（如橡子、枫翅果）	通过锥果（松果）传播，种子有翅膀或附着
生长习性	多见于温带，夏季茂盛，冬季光秃	多见于寒冷或干燥地区，适应性强，四季常青
代表树种	橡树（Oak）、山毛榉（Beech）、枫树	松树（Pine）、云杉（Spruce）、冷杉（Fir）

**附加说明**：
- 并非所有落叶树都是阔叶树（如落叶松是针叶树但落叶），但分类通常以此为主。
- 这些区别影响生态：落叶树提供季节性庇荫和养分循环，针叶树则维持全年覆盖和土壤稳定。
- 如果需要特定树种的例子或更深入的生态细节，请提供更多信息！

 

区别Spruce VS Fir：

触摸针叶的柔软度， 还有CORN悬挂的方向：

Fir tree cones grow upwards off the branch, while spruce cones grow down from above. Like this: （ 左边是Spruce， 右边是Fir）认识树， 对于找不同的蘑菇有帮助。 

 

 

Coniferous Tree Key: 6 Questions To Quickly Identify That Conifer!

The most important thing with coniferous tree identification is to keep it as simple as possible.

Start by learning the high-level differences between pine, spruce, fir, hemlock, larch, cedar & juniper.

This is simply a matter of asking a short series of sorting questions, which I’ve compiled into this easy-to-follow decision tree: