宗教与绘画-30：圣母升天（Assumption and Coronation of Mary）

在天主教和东正教的教义中，圣母玛利亚（Mary, mother of Jesus）死后，她的灵魂和肉身一同被上升到天堂。有一个小区别是，天主教认为玛利亚在死的同时，立刻就升天了。而东正教认为，她的灵魂是立刻升天的，但她的肉身是在死后第三天才被天堂接受。

还有一个教义上的细节，耶稣的升天英文叫 Ascension，玛利亚的升天英文叫 Assumption。Ascension 这个词是主动语态，代表着耶稣是凭借（被）自己的力量升到天上。Assumption 有被动语态含义，指的是玛利亚死后，被圣父圣子圣灵接到天堂。

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Assumption of the Virgin, 1517, by Rosso Fiorentino (1494–1540), Basilica of the Annunciation of Mary

Assumption of Mary, 1516-1518, by Titian (1490–1576), Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari

Assumption of Mary, c.1590, by Annibale Carracci (1560–1609), Museo del Prado, Spain

The Assumption of the Virgin, 1670, by Bartolome Esteban Murillo (1617-1682)

The Assumption Of The Virgin, by Jacopo Amigoni (Italian, 1682 – 1752)

The Assumption of the Virgin (c. 1816 – 1819), by Pierre-Paul Prud’hon (French, 1758-1823)

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最后，耶稣，或者是耶稣/天父/圣灵一起，给玛利亚戴上王冠。这一幕被称作圣母加冕（Coronation of the Virgin）。

Marienkrönung (Coronation of the Virgin Mary), c.1437, by Fra Angelico (circa 1395 –1455)

Coronation of the Virgin, 1502-1504, by Raphael (1483–1520), Vatican Museum

The Coronation of the Virgin, 1597, by El Greco (1541–1614)