下面这几个马利亚里面的一个或两个,也可能这几个名称中有些是同一个人:马利亚(Mary of Clopas),马利亚(Salome),马利亚(Mary, mother of James),马利亚(Mother of the sons of Zebedee),马利亚(A sister of Mary, mother of Jesus)
(severely damaged painting) Mystic Crucifixion / Saint Mary Magdalene at the Foot of the Cross / Crucifixion with the Penitent Magdalen and an Angel, c. 1497, by Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510)
Crucifixion, c. 1540, by Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Middle: Two Angles weeping for Jesus
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle
在十字架上,耶稣说过七句话:
「父啊,赦免他们!因为他们所做的他们不晓得。」
(对两个犯人中忏悔的那一个)「我实在告诉你:今日你要同我在乐园里了!」
(对母亲)「母亲,看,你的儿子!」,(对约翰)「看,你的母亲!」
「我的神!我的神!为什么离弃我?」
「我渴了。」
「成了!」
「父啊,我将我的灵魂交在你手里!」
The Mond Crucifixion, c.1502-3, by Raphael (1483-1520), National Gallery.
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Saint Jerome, Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle
Crucifixion, 1558, by Titian (1490–1576), San Domenico, Italy
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Saint Dominic, John the Apostle
底比斯的希坡律图(Hippolytus of Thebes)是公元七世纪(c.650AD)的历史学者。根据他的记载,耶稣在 AD 30 受难,使徒约翰在耶路撒冷用父亲的遗产买了一个房子,把圣母玛利亚安置在那里。玛利亚在那里住了十一年,一直到 AD 41 去世。
至于耶稣为什么要把母亲托付给门徒约翰,而不是弟弟雅各(James, brother of Jesus),通常的解释是这样的:一般认为雅各是在耶稣死后才信主的,而且行刑这天雅各没来,而且约翰是耶稣最爱的门徒。
Le coup de lance, c.1620, by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640), Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, Belgium
Bottom Right: (from left) Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle, Mary mother of Jesus, Mary
What Our Lord Saw from the Cross (1886-1894), by James Tissot (French, 1836-1902)