这篇博文讨论的是两个问题:一个是美国人在50岁时平均退休储蓄(average retirement savings);另一个是,在理论上应该在50岁时退休账户上存多少钱?另外我想说说对 "您需要多少钱才能退休?" 这种命题的看法。
1. 根据Fidelity Retirement Balances的数据显示,在50岁时的平均退休储蓄是下面这样的:
Average Retirement Savings at 50:
Savers Only
1)$535,000
2)$84,750
3)$32,250
4)$25,000
5)$15,000
Total: $692,000
Average: $138,400
Median: $32,250
解释一下这5组数字的意思:假设只有5个人,这5个人是可以代表成千上万的人,存款数是从1)-5)。
从中位数是$32,250这个情况来看,储蓄人在退休账户里的存款很少啊。
2. 理论上应该在50岁时退休账户上的储蓄:
下面这个图表示在各个年龄段,需要在退休账户上存的钱数:
For example, if 50-year-old Jane, who earns $70,000 a year, wants to see how her savings measure up to the best savers in her age group, she would just multiply her current salary by 4.2 and compare that with her current savings. Thus, to keep up with the "best savers and investors" in her peer salary group, she would need to have saved $294,000 ($70,000 x 4.2) so far.
解释一下:x表示倍数
看了上面的那些数字/数据,感到美国人的理想很丰满,可现实很骨感。现实是50岁的储蓄人在退休账户上的存款的中位数是$32,250,而根据公式推算出的应该是5.4x,也就是举例中的$294,000。
3. 我个人认为,现实中,至于需要多少钱可以退休,是那些局外人很难回答和计算的问题,为什么这么说呢?我问4个问题,您愿意回答了,我才能帮您算出来需要多少钱哈。
1. 不知道您现在是啥人,比如是CEO还是打短工的?
2. 如果说退休后想维持现有的生活,那现有的生活是啥样子的呢?
3. 您想要的是啥样的退休生活,比如是想买飞机呢还是想买游艇呢?
4. 您一年打算旅游几次呢?是坐头等舱还是经济舱呢?
下面是各个年龄段所需的退休花费统计
How will you spend your retirement dollars?
Here's how older Americans today spend their money.
|
Ages 50-64 |
Ages 65-74 |
Ages 75 and older |
Housing |
47.3% |
45.8% |
48.84% |
Food |
12.6% |
13.2% |
11.9% |
Health |
7.6% |
10.8% |
10.4% |
Clothing |
3.2% |
3.1% |
2.9% |
Transportation |
13.3% |
12% |
9.5% |
Entertainment |
8.4% |
8% |
6.5% |
Other |
3% |
3.9% |
5% |
Source: Zahra Ebrahimi, "How Do Retirees' Spending Patterns Change Over Time?" EBRI Issue Brief, no. 492 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, October 3, 2019).
我想现实中,今后退休生活的花费只会占现在生活花费的60%-70%,为何这样说?我举三个例子:1. 我们在60岁以前是否花费要比60岁以后花费多呢?我想大部分情况应该是这样的,因为多数人60岁以后房子贷款付清了,也许还会卖了大房换小房。 2. 孩子大学毕业了独立了,我们没有了负担了。3. 很多人年龄越大旅游次数越会减少。
生活的快乐就是不要想太多,简单就是快乐的源泉。
图片和数字/数据全部来自网络