风萧萧_Frank
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意大利应改进有关移民和庇护、妇女权利和性别平等的立法和实践
斯特拉斯堡 14/12/2023
在今天发布的一份报告中，欧洲委员会人权事务专员杜尼亚·米贾托维奇（Dunja Mijatovi?）建议采取一系列措施，更好地维护移民、寻求庇护者和妇女的权利。 专员还提出了有关记者和 LGBTI 人士法律保护的某些问题。
专员强调欧洲需要共同承担拯救海上生命的责任，并认可意大利在这一领域的努力，敦促意大利当局确保足够的搜救能力，并呼吁废除阻碍非政府组织搜救行动的立法和政策 。
鉴于利比亚正在发生严重、系统的侵犯人权行为，应暂停直接或间接导致返回利比亚的合作活动。 与其他国家，特别是突尼斯的合作，应以全面的人权保障为条件，未经适当的个人评估，不应进行任何回返。 专员还警告说，与阿尔巴尼亚签订的谅解备忘录中缺乏充分的人权保障，并建议意大利当局优先改善国内庇护和接收系统。
专员欢迎意大利在促进性别平等和打击暴力侵害妇女行为方面取得的进展，但指出法律框架与妇女和女童面临的不平等、歧视和暴力之间存在显着反差。 为了缩小这一差距，她建议当局缩小地区差距，消除性别歧视和性别陈规定型观念，并改善对性别暴力受害者的支持服务。
专员呼吁加强反歧视法的执行力度，并加大力度改善妇女的社会经济状况。 她还敦促当局确保妇女和女童不受阻碍地获得性健康和生殖健康服务，包括堕胎护理和避孕，并强调需要尊重和维护妇女在孕产妇保健方面的权利、尊严和自主权。
还应修订刑法，将包括强奸在内的性暴力犯罪建立在自由同意的概念之上。 此外，专员还呼吁加大力度预防性别暴力，并加强对司法和执法人员的培训，以改善对性别暴力女性受害者的待遇，防止二次受害。
最后，专员建议将诽谤非刑罪化，建立国家人权机构，并扩大反对歧视、仇恨犯罪和仇恨言论的立法范围，以涵盖 LGBTI 人群的权利。
该报告基于专员 6 月 19 日至 23 日对意大利的访问。 有关专员在意大利工作的更多信息，请访问本页。
阅读专员 2023 年 6 月访问意大利后关于意大利的报告
阅读意大利当局对专员关于意大利的报告的评论
Italy should improve legislation and practice on migration and asylum, women’s rights and gender equality
https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/italy-should-improve-legislation-and-practice-on-migration-and-asylum-women-s-rights-and-gender-equality
STRASBOURG 14/12/2023
In a report published today, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatovi?, recommends adopting a number of measures to better uphold the rights of migrants, asylum seekers and women. The Commissioner also raises certain issues concerning journalists and the legal protection of LGBTI people.
Stressing the need for a shared European responsibility to save lives at sea and recognising Italy’s efforts in this area, the Commissioner urges the Italian authorities to ensure adequate search and rescue capacity and calls for the repeal of legislation and policies that hamper NGO search and rescue operations.
Cooperation activities that directly or indirectly lead to returns to Libya should be suspended, in view of the grave and systematic human rights violations taking place there. Cooperation with other countries, in particular Tunisia, should be conditional on comprehensive human rights safeguards, and no returns should take place without a proper individual assessment. The Commissioner also warns of the lack of adequate human rights safeguards in the Memorandum of Understanding concluded with Albania and recommends that the Italian authorities prioritise improving the domestic asylum and reception systems.
While welcoming Italy’s progress in promoting gender equality and combating violence against women, the Commissioner notes a marked contrast between the legal framework and the inequalities, discrimination and violence faced by women and girls. To close this gap, she recommends that the authorities reduce regional disparities, combat sexism and gender stereotypes and improve support services for victims of gender-based violence.
The Commissioner calls for stronger enforcement of anti-discrimination laws and greater efforts to improve women’s socio-economic situation. She also urges the authorities to ensure women’s and girls’ unhindered access to sexual and reproductive health services, including abortion care and contraception, and stresses the need to respect and uphold women’s rights, dignity and autonomy in maternal health care.
Criminal law should also be amended to base sexual violence offences, including rape, on the notion of freely given consent. In addition, the Commissioner calls for increased efforts to prevent gender-based violence and for more training of judicial and law enforcement personnel to improve their treatment of women victims of gender-based violence and prevent secondary victimisation.
Finally, the Commissioner recommends the decriminalisation of defamation, the establishment of a national human rights institution and the broadening of legislation against discrimination, hate crime and hate speech to cover the rights of LGBTI people.
