美国今年食品价格一直下跌,不知道是经济不景气还是竞争过度激烈,居民挑剔多了是实话,但行家都说零售商超市定价“不合理”,为了抢夺顾客大家都做亏本生意,不知能维持多久。
问:我的经历是食品价格大幅度上涨。 不知哪个地方是价格下降。
答:我所知道的数据以及见到的,主要大幅降价的是牛肉、鸡蛋,牛奶和奶制品。今年是吃牛排的好时候。
玉米(期货价格)
大豆(期货价格)
玉米大豆价格大跌,对饲料和几乎所有加工型的食品成本都大大减轻。
《零对冲》 列举了几个图来反映食品贬值的严重程度:
水果
连下馆子都好了
吃是便宜了,那总的消费水平,也就是生活花销是多少呢?这个数据是财政部下的经济数据局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)的个人消费(PCE,Personal Consumption Expenditures)个人消费价格指数是衡量通货膨胀的另一个指标(打打架常说的是物价指数,“消费者价格指数”CPI。物价指数往往是相对的,描述增长,也就是通胀贬值率,而个人消费包括绝对数字,参见藿香子:
(CPI&PCEPI)和美联储利率政策)。据经济数据局的数据,今年二季(最新数据)人居个人消费是$35500,相比之下去年年底是$35100:
按美国平均家庭人口数目,今年二季每家消费$90500,去年年底是$89500。这是个平均值,不是中值(median)。联储三番分行有个
数据分析,但给的是还比率,不是绝对值,不太熟悉,也没有花时间琢磨,感觉是中值也不低。
美国平均家庭今年二季消费$90500,去年年底是$89500
如果平均家庭每年得消费$90000,那可不是个小数字,我在
奥巴马说百姓日子好了提到“家庭收入中值是$56500”,一比,日子没发过。
所以对大多数人来说,还得盯着。
头衔:
《华尔街日报》亮点:
- Each New Jersey resident on average spent twice as much on housing and utilities as did a West Virginian—$9,482 in the Garden State versus $4,573 in the Mountain State. D.C. had the highest per-person housing expenditures at $10,569.
- Health-care spending per person was twice as high in Alaska ($9,645) as it was in Utah ($4,796). Again, D.C. topped the list at per-capita health-care spending of $11,021.
- The nation’s highest grocery bills were in Vermont, where per-capita spending on food and beverages purchased for off-premises consumption last year was $4,196. That was almost twice the level in Oklahoma, where per-capita grocery spending was $2,282.
- North Dakotans had the biggest energy bills, with per-capita spending on gasoline and other energy goods totaling $2,994 in 2015. That was nearly six times the per-capita energy spending of $509 in Hawaii.
我按照数据列了个表:
State |
人均 |
家庭 |
District of Columbia |
$55,078 |
$140,449 |
Massachusetts |
$49,717 |
$126,778 |
Alaska |
$48,666 |
$124,098 |
North Dakota |
$47,864 |
$122,053 |
New Hampshire |
$47,441 |
$120,975 |
New Jersey |
$47,256 |
$120,503 |
Connecticut |
$46,998 |
$119,845 |
Vermont |
$46,531 |
$118,654 |
New York |
$45,272 |
$115,444 |
Maryland |
$42,997 |
$109,642 |
Hawaii |
$42,778 |
$109,084 |
Delaware |
$42,088 |
$107,324 |
Minnesota |
$42,038 |
$107,197 |
Maine |
$41,525 |
$105,889 |
Washington |
$41,386 |
$105,534 |
Rhode Island |
$41,163 |
$104,966 |
Colorado |
$40,625 |
$103,594 |
Virginia |
$40,195 |
$102,497 |
Illinois |
$39,859 |
$101,640 |
Wyoming |
$39,825 |
$101,554 |
Montana |
$39,718 |
$101,281 |
California |
$39,715 |
$101,273 |
Pennsylvania |
$39,498 |
$100,720 |
U.S. (全国平均) |
$38,196 |
$97,400 |
Oregon |
$38,090 |
$97,130 |
South Dakota |
$38,085 |
$97,117 |
Michigan |
$37,775 |
$96,326 |
Nebraska |
$37,437 |
$95,464 |
Wisconsin |
$37,391 |
$95,347 |
Florida |
$37,020 |
$94,401 |
Ohio |
$36,460 |
$92,973 |
Missouri |
$36,184 |
$92,269 |
Iowa |
$35,621 |
$90,834 |
Texas |
$35,527 |
$90,594 |
Nevada |
$34,949 |
$89,120 |
Kansas |
$34,840 |
$88,842 |
New Mexico |
$34,535 |
$88,064 |
Indiana |
$34,098 |
$86,950 |
Arizona |
$34,061 |
$86,856 |
Louisiana |
$33,616 |
$85,721 |
Utah |
$33,389 |
$85,142 |
Georgia |
$33,353 |
$85,050 |
West Virginia |
$33,282 |
$84,869 |
Tennessee |
$33,062 |
$84,308 |
North Carolina |
$32,501 |
$82,878 |
Oklahoma |
$32,397 |
$82,612 |
Idaho |
$32,226 |
$82,176 |
South Carolina |
$32,033 |
$81,684 |
Kentucky |
$31,925 |
$81,409 |
Alabama |
$30,459 |
$77,670 |
Arkansas |
$29,791 |
$75,967 |
Mississippi |
$29,330 |
$74,792 |
各州差别很大,家庭消费从华府$140000(最高)到密西西比州$74800,巨大。自然你要是有钱有势,华府是个吃喝玩乐的好地方,表演舞台也许差点,但饭管子尽管不是世界前几名,够你吃的。见的都是能人,估计你也是自我感觉良好。
不过《华尔街日报》也说单看数据,书生了,现实复杂的多。
房价比较
商务部(Department of Commerce)的数据则很不一样:
而社区经济研究学会(Council for Community and Economic Research )的基本生活费用(衣食住行)又是一说:
大家把钱多花在哪儿了?就看你是穷人还是富人了。俗话说衣食住行,这些基本上是老百姓最担忧的了(美国也有专项,叫Household Expenditures on Basic Needs)。布鲁金斯学会的哈密尔顿小组(Hamilton Project)做了个调查,穷人衣食住行几乎是大家所有的花销了:
如果你们一家超过82%的收入都用在衣食住行,娱乐就没多少了,少了娱乐,生活就没劲,毫无动力,觉得日子没奔头,子女教育都到爪哇国了。
我举两个成百姓负担基本花费的例子。
一是医保费用,大家熟知了。
一般通胀和医保通胀的比较:
另一个是住房费用。对于大多数已经拥房的华裔,这个负担不大,但那是美国下半层的人租房的比比皆是,房租是个大开销。
这是我关注的一个经济数据图 (联储) :
租金占收入的成分是越来越大。
债务是不算在家庭消费之内的,也就是说额外的。今天联储公布的消费者债务报告(Consumer Credit)还是老生常谈,信用卡越来越放心用了:
学生债高积如山:
对广大老百姓来说,还得精打细算啊。
房租已经算在家庭消费之内了。
抱歉。谢谢,改了。
汽油近来是个小头,影响甚微。但是我增加了消费者债务的图。
想了想,列举了一些数据,觉得文学城评论版面无法表达,加在文章开头(框框里)。您参考参考。