加州SCA5企图为频死的平权法案注颜

在平权法案实施的今天，不同种族的毕业生手里证书的含金量是不同的。图片来自网络。

UAAFA (美亚团结促进会）反对SCA5的广告。广告所述的UC亚裔学生数会降低到现在的三分之一的预测并不准确。

加州SCA5在参议院的投票通过激起了华裔的愤概。大家没有预料到，美国加州在进人21世纪后，还会出台如此赤裸裸地以人的肤色为升学考量的宪法修正案。我们必须重温与SCA5密切相关的美国民权法案的历史，而六十年代末开始的给非洲裔等少数族裔在升学和就业上照顾的平权措施则是民权法案的重要组成部分。平权法案的初衷是试图扭转白人对黑人的歧视，同时洗涤美国的罪过，这些在美国总统约翰逊在首都华盛顿的黑人哈瓦德大学的演讲中表述得非常清楚。

然而，美国超过半个世纪实施的平权法案将巨额优待给予少数族裔所造成的逆向歧视，完全违背了民权法案禁止以种族，肤色，信仰和国家来源的不同歧视任何人的核心思想。代表德州的民主党总统约翰逊在签署民权法案后预测，他签署该法案的笔将会激怒他故乡的南方白人。多年后，共和党的尼克松抓住机会采取了所谓的“南方策略”，从此历史上代表奴隶主利益的民主党变成了代表美国少数族裔的党派，而解放了黑奴的林肯的共和党则变成了代表白人或富人利益的政党。在1964年美国民权法案的最后国会投票结果中，78%的共和党人投赞成票，只有59%的民主党人投赞成票，而投反对票的众议员中民主党员占了75%，这些数据展现给我们的政治版图与现在的美国正好相反。所以我们现在看美国历史上的著名政治家族，像肯尼迪，布什或罗姆尼家族，他们的党派没变但他们的后代看世界的角度已经与他们的先辈大相径庭了。

平权法案说白了是想补偿以往美国对非洲裔的歧视或罪过，现在我们纳税人60年来都在努力通过美国政府还白人奴隶主（也包括非洲那些帮助贩卖奴隶的本地人）的债，但是谁来还曾经几乎是处于半奴隶状态的修美国铁路的华裔劳工的债呢？这债似乎有着永远还不清的尽头，结果有白人出来抗争了，他们拿起法律武器逐级上诉到美国的最高法院。通过三次在最高法院对平权法案的抗争，高院的大法官们终于顺从民意一次次地对平权法案作出了更为严格地解释。在2003年密西根判案时，高院给了一个25年以后平权法案没有理由存在的限期，也就是说，平权法案应该在2028年结束。去年最高法院在辩论德州大学对Fisher案的判决书中，将平权法案作了进一步地限制，要求德州大学只有在所有非种族因素都尝试过后才能在录取新生时考虑种族的因素。

加州民众在1996年的公投中以54%通过了名为209的宪法修正案，禁止在州级学校录取时考虑种族因素；密西根州于2006年以58%比42%确定了与加州相似的法案，如今美国有七个州禁止平权法案。美国从法律界到民众都认为平权法案的终结进入了倒记时，普林斯顿大学的研究种族教育的著名学者THOMAS ESPENSHADE曾在《纽约时报》撰文坦诚平权法案已经进入它的历史使命的夕阳岁月。就是在这样的大潮流下，我们看到了西裔参议员贺南德兹的SCA5, 要求将种族因素再次加人到录取的过程中，并且令人气愤的是，三位华裔参议员为了自身的饭碗全部投了赞成票。谈及饭碗，那帮常春藤的教授们支持平权也有部分原因是为了他们的饭碗。因为平权招进去的学生很多都在底层毕业，或者不毕业，更明显的是不合格的平权学生学不了数学，科学或工程等相对难的专业，纷纷转向历史等容易的人文专业，这样那帮耶鲁教授的饭碗就有保障了。这些都是有社会学研究结果支持的事实。

UCLA的法学教授Richard Sander在研究了非洲裔在美国具有竞争力大学的表现后得出结论，受平权法案照顾进去的非洲裔不仅上名校对他们助益有限，反而因为不匹配会给他们带来更多的痛苦。也就是说，不合格的学生靠照顾进入了不够自己水准的大学后只好在底层挣扎，反而是对他们自信心的一种伤害。他在The Atlantic发表的关于平权法案的文章更是列出了一系列意料中的发现：首先，非洲裔学生如果入校时是选的科学和工程的专业，他们将会两倍于白人放弃于这种相对较难的职业追求；再者，非洲裔进入大学时若想继续深造读博士，如果读的是不匹配的大学他们将会两倍于匹配的大学放弃读博士的念头；第三，大约一半的非洲裔大学生处于他们班级里的底层的20%；另外，不能通过律师资格考试的非洲裔法学院毕业生是白人学生的四倍。与此同时，加州209法案实施后，凭自身本领而不是靠政策照顾入学的非洲裔学生在UCLA的毕业率则大幅增加。

我们看到提SCA5的西裔参议员是多么顽固地为自己族裔的利益奋争，他在自己的类似提案在议会多次受阻并且数次遭到加州共和党及民主党州长同样的否决后仍不放弃，这次才看到了些希望。他很清楚西裔在加州人口众多的优势，逐将策略锁定在通过公投修改加州宪法里的209法案禁止将种族用于录取的条款。这位西裔参议员不去解决西裔高中生的高达20％的退学率，而一味把眼光盯在UC的旗舰类大学伯克利和UCLA，在接受采访时，他还公开希望这些UC（加州大学）也像斯坦福和耶鲁那样照顾西裔的学生。

贺南德兹参议员在洛杉矶地区长大，早年申学时，应该是因为成绩不够没有读成UC系统的名校而毕业于CSU（加州州立大学），随后又靠美国扶持少数族裔的照顾政策在中西部的印第安纳大学读完研究生院。他这次不惜挑起与亚裔的冲突，此事件使我们想到了李文和被西裔能源部长理查森迫害的案件，最后美国政府向曾经遭遇牢狱之灾在内的近十年折磨的李文和做出了巨额赔款。具有讽刺意义的是，理查森是和加州大学伯克利分校华裔校长田长霖竞争能源部长的职位，结果克林顿将该职位给了理查森，而理查森在奧巴马和希拉里民主党总统初选时却公开支持了奥巴马，克林顿的这笔政治交易并没有得到回报。

你说这平权为还奴隶的债，我们勒紧裤带还就行了，那么我们欠西裔什么债呢？德州或加州以前是他们的，但世界的版图从来都是靠战争划分的。西裔在加州的人口是亚裔的二倍多，这不纯粹是多数人对少数族裔的政治立法暴力吗？

令华裔社区震惊的是，华裔三位参议员也跟随西裔参议员限制华裔上UC的机会，这在美国族裔政治还很明显的今天实属罕见。虽然投下赞成票的华裔参议员刘云平表示如果再次投票，他可能会投下反对票。当时的情况是，只要有一位华裔参议员投下反对票，该法案就会胎死加州参议院，就不会有我们现在的抗争。从刘云平参议员接受采访时所述，我们还能看见华裔的参政意思实在是太欠缺了。刘云平在投票之前，完全没有收到华裔要求他投反对票的任何形式的请求，那么他那次投票就像是一次普通的投票一样；但是基于这位参议员一贯反对加州209宪法修正案的立场，刘云平作为政客现在说话的可信度值得怀疑。

与联邦修宪相似，加州修宪的门槛也不低，必须在参众两院以三分之二的多数通过才能公投。华裔疏忽了参议院投票之前的游说工作，吃了大亏，不过此刻亡羊补牢仍然不晚。现在的情况是，只要两位加州众议员反对或弃权就会封杀该议案，南加州的华裔众议员周本立发表声明，表示不能支持现行版本的SCA5，但是周本立并沒有给出明确的投票意向。

与这次加州立法院带有鲜明种族歧视色彩的SCA5相比，前不久华裔走上街头抗议的ABC Jimmy Kimmel Show的不当言论简直是毛毛雨。加州华裔为我们华夏子孙在美国的发展仍需努力去做立法游说，重点当然是那些民主党亚裔众议员，包括北加州众议员方文忠。现在西裔参议员在三位华裔议员的周旋下，同意暂时将SCA5搁置以便有更多的时间去听取亚裔社区的意见，但搁置远非放弃，华裔的压力应该持续到该法案不会在11月公投才算胜利。

但是我们必须指出，大量反SCA5的言论存在着不少偏激的预测，拿来做辩白的证词有时会适得其反。事实是，即使SCA5实施也不可能将UC亚裔学生人数从40%降到与亚裔在加州人口比例相当的15-18%, 降到与存在亚裔配额的常春藤一样，那是不可能的。原因很简单，因为作为州立大学的UC，没有经费像藤那样对每位申请学生进行综合评议，并且UC必须公平对待人口还在增长的亚裔优秀申请学生；另一个错误的预测是，如果加州法案通过将会蔓延到全美国，加州作为政治极端自由的州，它的法律不可能影响全美其他的州，就像209法案实施二十年来也只有七州跟进一样。与此同时，也没有太多的美国州拥有加州这么大比例的西裔人口。

所以我们觉得SCA5会使UC亚裔从45%（2005年伯克利的亚裔人数）降到35%左右，介于现在的哈佛耶鲁和加州大学伯克利分校之间。大量加州华裔学生则会去内陆的安娜堡密西根大学或香槟伊利诺大学。在那里读大学，享受四季，也重新检回在加州失去的美国核心价值观。

我们华裔要尽一切可能去阻止SCA5在加州众院的通过；影响未来可能的公投结果；以及做最坏的长久打算，如果SCA5真正成为法律后，还应该向各层法院甚至是美国最高法院去申诉，因为这是极端左派们加速美国下滑的又一昏招。

[非否非]

多谢好文！

[沈成涵]

我们华裔要尽一切可能去阻止SCA5在加州众院的通过；影响未来可能的公投结果；以及做最坏的长久打算，如果SCA5真正成为法律后，还应该向各层法院甚至是美国最高法院去申诉，因为这是极端左派们加速美国下滑的又一昏招。

----支持！

[圣地亚哥民工]

希望这次关于sca 5de探讨有助于华人对美国政治的关心，公民权是必须用投票来表达的，大家要去抗议。

最简单的发电子邮件外, 也可以打电话, Fax传真, 登门拜访都可以视情况运用联络.

Wesley Chesbro（North Coast）
710 E Street, Suite 150, Eureka, CA 95501
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD02

Richard Pan（Sacramento）
2251 Florin Road, Suite 156, Sacramento CA 95822
Phone：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD09
http://www.drrichardpan.com/contact
https://www.facebook.com/RichardPanMD

Ken Cooley（Sacramento）
2729 Prospect Park Drive, Suite 130, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD08
http://www.kencooley.com/contact
https://www.facebook.com/ken.cooley

Mariko Yamada（Southern Sacramento Valley, Wine Country, & North Bay）
725 Main Street Suite 206, Woodland, CA 95695
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD04
http://www.marikoyamada.net/contact
https://www.facebook.com/assemblymember.yamada

Marc Levine（North Bay）
3501 Civic Center Drive, Room 412, San Rafael, CA 94903
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD10
https://www.facebook.com/joinmarc

Rob Bonta（Central East Bay of the Bay Area）
1515 Clay Street, Ste. 2204, Oakland, CA 94612
Phone：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD18
http://www.robbonta.com/contact/
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Assemblymember-Rob-Bonta/160502927367568

Joan Buchanan（East Bay）
2694 Bishop Dr., Ste. 275, San Ramon, CA 94583
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD16
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Assemblymember-Joan-Buchanan/220573791429818

Tom Ammiano（San Francisco）
455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 14300, San Francisco, CA 94102
Phone[phone] Fax[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD17
https://www.facebook.com/AssemblymemberTomAmmiano

Phil Ting（丁右立）（San Francisco & San Mateo County）
455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 14600, San Francisco, CA 94102
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD19
https://www.facebook.com/philtingsf

Kevin Mullin（San Francisco Peninsula）
1528 South El Camino Real, Suite 302, San Mateo, CA 94402
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD22
https://www.facebook.com/AssemblymemberKevinMullin

Rich Gordon（San Francisco Peninsula suburbia into Silicon Valley）
5050 El Camino Real, Suite 117, Los Altos, CA 94022
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD24
https://www.facebook.com/RichGordon24

Paul Fong（方文忠）（Silicon Valley）
2105 South Bascom Avenue, Suite 160, Campbell, CA 95008
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD28
http://www.paulfongforcouncil.com/#!contact/c1zdo
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Paul-Fong/12907543117

Bob Wieckowski（East Bay and Silicon Valley）
39510 Paseo Padre Parkway, Suite 280, Fremont, CA 94538
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD25
https://www.facebook.com/bobwieckowski
https://www.facebook.com/Wieckowski4Senate

Mark Stone（Monterey Bay）
701 Ocean Street, 318-B, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD29
http://friendsofmarkstone.org/contact
https://www.facebook.com/AssemblymemberMarkStone

Das Williams（Santa Barbara and Ventura）
101 W. Anapamu Street, Suite A, Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD37
https://www.facebook.com/DasWilliamsPage

Ed Chau（周本立）（San Gabriel Valley）
1255 Corporate Center Dr. Ste 306, Monterey Park, CA 91754
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD49
https://www.facebook.com/edwin.chau.98

Mike Gatto（Eastern end of the San Fernando Valley）
300 East Magnolia Boulevard, Suite 504, Burbank, CA 91502
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD43
http://mikegatto.com/volunteers/
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Assemblyman-Mike-Gatto/248355458520271

Al Muratsuchi（South Bay, Beach Cities and the Palos Verdes Peninsula）
3460 Torrance Blvd., Suite 306, Torrance, CA 90503
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
[e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD66
https://www.facebook.com/almuratsuchi

Richard Bloom（West Los Angeles）
2800 28th Street, Suite 150, Santa Monica, CA 90405
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD50
http://www.richardbloom.com/contact
https://www.facebook.com/RichardBloomCampaign

Toni Atkins（San Deigo）
1350 Front St., Room 6054, San Diego, CA 92101
Tel：[phone] Fax：[phone]
Email：[e-mail] & [e-mail]
https://lcmspubcontact.lc.ca.gov/PublicLCMS/ContactPopup.php?district=AD78
https://www.facebook.com/SDToni
https://www.facebook.com/toni.atkins.52

下面是请愿文章的范例, 发文章时称呼对方用First Name就可以, 写自己的名字的时候最好是First Name+Last Name, 这样看起来比较正式有力.

Dear XXX,

I hereby urge you to vote NO to SCA-5! As SCA-5 will roll back the clock to the days when students were discriminated against based on their race. SCA-5 hide under the disguise of equal opportunity. However SCA-5 is in fact the antithesis of equal opportunity as it demands equal outcomes. But true equity demands fair outcomes for all. The injustice of disparities in any population is when equity is diminished. It is communism in essence since resources are to be divided equally. It will destroy the incentive to excel and compete and drag down U.S. competitiveness in the long run.

Lawmakers need to work on bills which applies to everyone regardless of their race for improvements in the quality of education for poor communities or for closing the gap where students have underachieved. What messages are we sending to our children that they should be treated differently because of their race, instead of their efforts and qualifications?

Therefore I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. I have a dream, do you? Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this matter.

Thank you,
XXX

Dear XXX:

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. This bill is to include race as a factor to provide preference in college admissions. I firmly believe that this is against the fundamental principles of U.S. law and the American legal system. All men are equal regardless of race.

Therefore, I strongly urge you to vote NO on this matter. Your vote is very important to everyone in our community.

Thank you,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. SCA-5 proposed using race as a factor in college admissions. I urge you to fight against SCA-5. Just as Martin Luther King, Jr. said 41 years ago, no children should be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. Your child（ren）deserve this dream. Every American child deserves this dream. Don't you agree? It is about right or wrong. This is where the difference comes between a politician and a statesman/woman.

It's your choice which side you're on. I have a dream, do you? The people who shares the same dream as Martin Luther King, Jr. will remember your choice. They will decide who they vote for, who they send money to, and who they canvass for.

Best regards,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. It is pure racism! My kids future is as important as anyone's kids. Why two individuals at the same level of education might differ in their college admissions? What century do we live in? This is supposedly a country that believes in equality.

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. Objection to any law that allow any discrimination against, or granting preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race in the operation of public education. Racial discrimination is wrong, whichever way it goes, in whatever name. If diversity is the point of preferences, why only in college admissions? Why not in the recruitment process of government agencies? in entertainment, in sports...

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. All men are equal regardless of race. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Best regards,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. I am impressed that this clear violation of constitutional law could even pass the senate! What are senators doing? How do we explain to our children that what they've been taught on equal opportunity is no longer true. It has been amended. Martin Luther King, Jr. said I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. But it is no longer in accord with reality. Why don't we amend the employment standards after college admissions? So those who are entitled to privileges in admission could automatically get government jobs?

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. All men are equal regardless of race. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. This bill is total racism. What a degradation! It's a waste of public money for those senators working on this nonsense. The rational behind the bill is totally ridiculous. We believe in the right of education for all Californians. California should not enrolled students based on race rather than qualifications.

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character."---Martin Luther King, Jr. Do we helping Martin Luther King's dream（which is my dream too）? Do we punish hard working students by racial preferences? Is this the right way to promote better education for California?

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. The only barrier for student of any colors for higher education is their work enthusiasm. How about we do the same thing for the State Assembly? Candidate must collect certain amount of votes（scores in S.A.T.）to be qualified, then by using qualified candidates’ race and ethnic background to decide if he/she can become a member of the California State Assembly. Because "We need to ensure that the State Assembly reflects our changing population".

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. Students should be admitted based on merits, not race! Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote NO on SCA 5 as it is a racist bill. It promotes discrimination by judging people based on their race. Admission to any school among other things, should solely based on their own merit and not on their color, race, and etc. I believe preferential treatment based on race in college admission is not the right practice. In addition it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

I strongly urge you to vote "No" on SCA 5. Students deserve have an equal opportunity in the college admission process regardless of their race. Thank you for listening to the voice of your people.

Respectfully,
XXX

Dear XXX,

Please vote "NO" on SCA-5. This is ridiculous and is so wrong! This is a reverse discrimination. This proposition limits the opportunity of certain kids to attend the University of California because of their races. Higher education should be offered to those who can do it.

I strongly urge you to fight against SCA-5. Students deserve have an equal opportunity in the college admission process regardless of their race. Otherwise, no more votes and donations from me and all my relatives and friends for you or any Democrats. Everyone in our community will pay close attention to this issue.

Best regards,
XXX