Anxiety Disorder VI焦虑症六: Acute Stress Disorder急性应激障碍

A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
患者经历过创伤事件,要有以下两个方面的表现:

(1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others
患者经历的,眼见的或者是遭遇到的一起或多起事件,这些事件是死亡,或是对生命安全有威胁,严重的创伤,自己或他人身体的完整性受到威胁.

(2) the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror
患者的反应是强烈的害怕,无助,恐惧

B. Either while experiencing or after experiencing the distressing event, the individual has three (or more) of the following dissociative symptoms:
正在经历或已经经历痛苦的事件的患者有以下三种或更多的分离的症状:

(1) a subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or absence of emotional responsiveness
主观感觉的麻木,分离,或失去情感反应

(2) a reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings (e.g., “being in a daze”)
对自身周围环境的觉察能力下降(如:恍惚状态)

(3) derealisation失去现实感

(4) depersonalization人格解体

(5) dissociative amnesia (I.e., inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma)
分离的失去记忆(如:无法回忆创伤中的重要部分)

C. The traumatic event is persistently experienced in at least one of the following ways: recurrent images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, or a sense of reliving the experience; or distress on exposure to reminders of the traumatic event.
患者持续地经历这些创伤事件,至少有以下一种表现:反复的影像,思想,梦境, 画面,重现创伤事件场景,或者感觉犹如再次经历创伤事件;或者在提示到创伤事件时感到痛苦.

D. Marked avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma (e.g., thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, people).
显著地回避引起与创伤有关的刺激(如:思想,感觉,对话,活动,场所,人物)

E. Marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal (e.g., difficulty sleeping, irritability, poor concentration, hyper vigilance, exaggerated startle response, motor restlessness).
显著地表现为焦虑或觉醒(如:睡眠困难,不安,注意力不集中,过于警觉,容易惊吓,肌肉运动无休止)

F. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or impairs the individual’s ability to pursue some necessary task, such as obtaining necessary assistance or mobilizing personal resources by telling family members about the traumatic experience.
困扰引起临床意义的痛苦,或导致患者社交,职业,或其他重要功能障碍,或者影响患者行使必要功能的能力,如寻求必要帮助,或阻碍患者告诉家庭成员事件经过以得到帮助.

G. The disturbance lasts for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks and occurs within 4 weeks of the traumatic event.
困扰至少持续两天,最多四周,并且发生在创伤事件发生后的四周内.

H. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition, is not better accounted for by Brief Psychotic Disorder, and is not merely an exacerbation of a pre-existing Axis I or Axis II disorder.
这种障碍不是某种药物直接引起的身体上的反应,也不是某些身体疾病引起,也不能诊断为短暂精神失常,也不是原有的轴I或轴II