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宋氏讲座：《商务函件速成模式》 第四章 资信调查
第四章 资信调查
在商界，除了商业书信之外，最常用，而又最重要的商业文件要算是信用证了。Credit一词由拉丁文 credo而来。字面上的意思是“我相信”。今天引申为卖方相信买方在指定时间之内对所购货物有付款能力，所指定的时间一般来说是30天，也有长达60天或90天的。这要依据买主是批发还是零售的性质而定。
更确切一些说，信用证通常是指：由购货人向所在地的银行申请发给售货人。其中要说明购货人同意付款给售货人或受益人，但必须符合所规定的各种条件。信用证由银行根据顾客的请求开出，使售货人对购货人加强信心。
我们从这段文字可以看出以下事实：
1． 信用证大多由购货人直接请求银行开立，也有由买方先向卖方提供一家征信银行（征求咨询信用的银行）名称地址，要求他们向这家银行咨询买方的信用情况。
2． 开出信用证的银行根据帐户来往情况提供有利或不利的资料，信用证被列为机密文件。
3． 购货人受到货物后，见到与信用证规定的条件完全相符，才让银行将货款付给售货人。有了这种保障，可以使交易更加顺利稳妥。
4． 开立信用证的银行通知国外联行依据条件付款；售货人只需条件相符，即可取得货款。
由于某些买卖双方过去并无来往，如果没有银行居中服务，就难以互相信赖，因此信用证除买卖双方各自负责之外，银行业因此而承担起大部分风险。
第一节
译题：
关于下列公司的信用状况、社会地位和财力情况，如能得到贵公司指教，将不胜感激。
译例：
We shall appreciate your providing us with an opinion as to the credit standing, respectability and responsibility of the following firm:
译解：
Provide, 提供，供应。除此之外还可作“准备”、“预备”等解。It is wise to provide against accident. 预防万一是明智的。He has provided will for the children.他已为子女的生活做好准备。We are well provided with clothing. 我们的衣服齐备无缺。You should provide against the evil day. 你应对不幸的日子常备不患。He has a large family to provide for. 他要供应一个人口众多的家庭。We must be provided with food for the journey. 我们必须把旅行所需的食品准备好。请注意辨别provide for 与provide against. Provide for, 为什么事情而准备；养活。如：We must provide passport for the journey. 我们必须为旅行准备好护照。Provide against, 为什么而预防。特指预防意外，诸如灾难、恶劣天气等。如：We must provide against accident. 我们应该预防事故。
第二节
译题：
我们很乐意以赊购方式供应贵公司货物。然而，这是我方首次和贵方作交易，特请贵司告知贵方往来银行以及一两家公司，以供我方参考。
译例：
We shall be very happy to supply you with goods on credit. However, as this is the first time we have done business with you, we would ask you to let us have the name and address of your bank and one or two firms to enable us to apply for references.
译解：
Apply for, 申请。For further particulars (or details or information), please apply to the agent or at the following address. 若想知道较多的情况，请向代理人或下面的地址询问。He is applying for an appointment. 他请求录用。He apply to them for assistant.他请求他们帮助。The rule does not apply to this case. 这条规则不适于此事。He applied a match to gun-powder.他用火柴点火药。Apply in your own handwriting. 请亲笔写信请求。He applied himself closely to the study of English. 他专心研究英语。I applied to him for information. 我向他探听消息。Apply by letter to Mr. Wang. 请用信件方式向王先生请求。If you have any difficulty, apply to me. 倘若你有任何困难，可找我帮助。He applied his mind to business.他专心于业务。This house is to let, apply next door.这房子出租，可向邻居询问。He applied to the manager for pardon. 他向经理请求原谅。Apply in person to…, 向某人接洽。也可以说apply personally to …The money was applied to the payment of debts. 该款项被用于付款。He applied a rule. 他应用一条规则。The same applies to…对于什么也是如此。She applied for a position as teacher. 她谋求教职。
第三节
译题：
开一新帐户时，敝公司有一例行公事，即向客户要求商业证明人。因此，特请贵公司寄来两家与贵公司有贸易往来者的字号和地址。
译例：
When opening a new account it is our practice to ask customers for trade references. Will you therefore please send us the names and addresses of two other suppliers with whom you have dealings?
译解：
Reference，此词意思很多。其中之一就是本段文字中的意思，即信用、能力等的证明人。请看其它用法。一般来讲，是作“关于、谈到（和介词to连用）”解。1. with reference to 和in reference to 同义，多用于句子开头。以前者较普通，with 和in 也可以省略。With ( In ) reference to payment, we cannot do otherwise than L/C at sight.关于付款，我们除见票即付的信用证之外，其它不接受。2. make reference to…谈到、参考。In your letter, you have made reference to discount. 你在信中谈到折扣问题。Please make reference to Term 8 of our agreement. 请参阅我们的协议第八条。3. without reference to --- 不论、不管。We do not think it right to compare prices without reference to quality. 我们认为只是比较价格而不顾及质量是不妥的。4. for one’s reference, 供某人参考。For your reference we enclose an analysis of the test we have made. 兹附上化验结果一份，供你参考。We shall appreciate it if you will send some up-to-date patterns for our reference. 如果寄给我们一些最新花样作参考，将不胜感激。5. （信用证、能力等的）见证人。Their reference is the Bank of China. 证明者是中国银行。（他们的信用可由中国银行证明。）
第四节
译题：
该冻死于1950年组建时，资金为800，000美元，现业已增至1亿美元。今年2月他们公告之资产负债表显示，净获益大约100，000美元。他们有足够资金支付此笔开销。
译例：
This company was organized in 1950 with a capital of US$800,000 and it has now increased to one million US dollars. Their balance sheet published in February this year indicates net profit at approximately US$100,000. They have enough money to pay for this shipment.
译解：
Profit， 名词：利润、利益。 They accepted the offer to start the ball rolling, disregarding profit. 他们接受这个报盘，仅为做一个开端，并不计较利润。We gained profit from the experience. 经验使我们获得益处。动词：（指人）获益，（指物）有利于。We believe you will profit by confining your offers to a limited number of firms. 我们相信你们将报盘集中于少数几家商号是有益的。Such an arrangement does not profit either part. 这样一种安排对双方都没有好处。He bent solely upon profit. 他专图获利。This new paper has a clear profit of 1,000 dollars a day on advertisement alone. 这家报纸单在广告方面每天就有一千元的纯利。No profit will come in. 无利可获。There will certainly be a profit in the end. 最后一定可以获利。He has a profit on everything he sells. 他所卖的东西都获利。I hope to sell them at a good profit.我希望能以厚利将它们卖掉。He makes a profit. 他获利了。He does his work for personal profit. 他工作起来仅仅是为了个人的私利。It is sold at a profit of twenty cents. 它以赚两角钱的利润卖出去了。I have not made any profit by the silk trade this year. 今年我不曾靠丝绸生意获利。I hope to profit from your advice. 我希望能从你的劝告中获益。 You may profit by the example of others. 你可以从别人的榜样中获益。It will not profit him. 它不会使他获益。You should profit by every opportunity of speaking English. 你应利用每次说英语的机会。What will it profit him? 这对他有何益处？
第五节
译题：
贵城的史密斯公司意欲与我方开一帐户，故已将贵公司的宝号通知我方，以作为被询人。请寄来贵公司两份征信资料，因为迄今我方仍未与贵公司有过任何交易。
译例：
Messrs. Smith & Co., in your city, desire to open an account with us, and have given your name as a reference. Will you favor us with two references, as we have hitherto had no business transaction with you.
译解：
Messrs. Smith & Co.，为何史密斯公司前面要加Messrs.， 有的公司就不加？原因是史密斯公司的名称是由人名构成的，就这样简单。假如不是由人名，而是别的样式，比如红星公司，只写Red-star Co.即可。那么Messrs.是什么意思呢？就是先生，是Mr.的复数形式。而Messrs.则是法语词Messieurs的缩写。再者，Messrs.既然能是复数形式，那就要记住句子谓语不要用单数。最后，Messrs.经常用缩写形式：M/S，因此Messrs. Smith & Co.可以，而且经常写成M/S Smith & Co.
Open an account，开立一个帐户。account有较多的说法。名词和动词形式相同。先看名词。1。帐目，帐（略缩a/c），外贸书信中常见的短语有：for one’s account, 由某人支付。We bought the goods for the account of Messrs. Peterson & Co.这些货物是我们代彼得森公司购买的。We bought the goods for our own account.这些货物是我们自己购买的。The additional charges will be for our account.附加费由我方承担。The additional charges are to be for your account. 附加费由你方承担。The extra freight is to be for buyers’ account.额外运费由买方承担。2。理由，原因（on account of，由于，因为）。We cannot accept fresh orders on account of heavy sales.由于大量售出，我们不能接受新订单。On account of lack of direct steamer, please allow transshipment in your L/C. 因为没有直达轮船，请在你的信用证中注明准许转船。On account of difference in taste, your designs do not suit this market. 由于趣味不同，你的图案不适于此间市场。The price dropped on account of large offerings from other sources. 由于来自其它方面的大量报盘，价格已经下跌。3。考虑（take…into account, 对。。。加以考虑或注意）。Price is not the only factor; you have to take the quality into account. 价格不是唯一因素，你方也必须考虑到质量。We agree to your request, taking into account our good relations. 考虑到我们之间良好的关系，我们同意你方的要求。动词可作“解释和说明”解。We cannot account for the delay. 我们无法解释延迟的原因。It is difficult to account for this sharp price. 对价格的急剧上升，很难解释。还可作“占”解，指多少数量的百分比。Cotton accounts for 70% of their exports. 棉花占他们出口的百分之七十。4。认为。I account him a good teacher. 我认为他是一位好教师。
第四章 资信调查
在商界，除了商业书信之外，最常用，而又最重要的商业文件要算是信用证了。Credit一词由拉丁文 credo而来。字面上的意思是“我相信”。今天引申为卖方相信买方在指定时间之内对所购货物有付款能力，所指定的时间一般来说是30天，也有长达60天或90天的。这要依据买主是批发还是零售的性质而定。
更确切一些说，信用证通常是指：由购货人向所在地的银行申请发给售货人。其中要说明购货人同意付款给售货人或受益人，但必须符合所规定的各种条件。信用证由银行根据顾客的请求开出，使售货人对购货人加强信心。
我们从这段文字可以看出以下事实：
1． 信用证大多由购货人直接请求银行开立，也有由买方先向卖方提供一家征信银行（征求咨询信用的银行）名称地址，要求他们向这家银行咨询买方的信用情况。
2． 开出信用证的银行根据帐户来往情况提供有利或不利的资料，信用证被列为机密文件。
3． 购货人受到货物后，见到与信用证规定的条件完全相符，才让银行将货款付给售货人。有了这种保障，可以使交易更加顺利稳妥。
4． 开立信用证的银行通知国外联行依据条件付款；售货人只需条件相符，即可取得货款。
由于某些买卖双方过去并无来往，如果没有银行居中服务，就难以互相信赖，因此信用证除买卖双方各自负责之外，银行业因此而承担起大部分风险。
第一节
译题：
关于下列公司的信用状况、社会地位和财力情况，如能得到贵公司指教，将不胜感激。
译例：
We shall appreciate your providing us with an opinion as to the credit standing, respectability and responsibility of the following firm:
译解：
Provide, 提供，供应。除此之外还可作“准备”、“预备”等解。It is wise to provide against accident. 预防万一是明智的。He has provided will for the children.他已为子女的生活做好准备。We are well provided with clothing. 我们的衣服齐备无缺。You should provide against the evil day. 你应对不幸的日子常备不患。He has a large family to provide for. 他要供应一个人口众多的家庭。We must be provided with food for the journey. 我们必须把旅行所需的食品准备好。请注意辨别provide for 与provide against. Provide for, 为什么事情而准备；养活。如：We must provide passport for the journey. 我们必须为旅行准备好护照。Provide against, 为什么而预防。特指预防意外，诸如灾难、恶劣天气等。如：We must provide against accident. 我们应该预防事故。
第二节
译题：
我们很乐意以赊购方式供应贵公司货物。然而，这是我方首次和贵方作交易，特请贵司告知贵方往来银行以及一两家公司，以供我方参考。
译例：
We shall be very happy to supply you with goods on credit. However, as this is the first time we have done business with you, we would ask you to let us have the name and address of your bank and one or two firms to enable us to apply for references.
译解：
Apply for, 申请。For further particulars (or details or information), please apply to the agent or at the following address. 若想知道较多的情况，请向代理人或下面的地址询问。He is applying for an appointment. 他请求录用。He apply to them for assistant.他请求他们帮助。The rule does not apply to this case. 这条规则不适于此事。He applied a match to gun-powder.他用火柴点火药。Apply in your own handwriting. 请亲笔写信请求。He applied himself closely to the study of English. 他专心研究英语。I applied to him for information. 我向他探听消息。Apply by letter to Mr. Wang. 请用信件方式向王先生请求。If you have any difficulty, apply to me. 倘若你有任何困难，可找我帮助。He applied his mind to business.他专心于业务。This house is to let, apply next door.这房子出租，可向邻居询问。He applied to the manager for pardon. 他向经理请求原谅。Apply in person to…, 向某人接洽。也可以说apply personally to …The money was applied to the payment of debts. 该款项被用于付款。He applied a rule. 他应用一条规则。The same applies to…对于什么也是如此。She applied for a position as teacher. 她谋求教职。
第三节
译题：
开一新帐户时，敝公司有一例行公事，即向客户要求商业证明人。因此，特请贵公司寄来两家与贵公司有贸易往来者的字号和地址。
译例：
When opening a new account it is our practice to ask customers for trade references. Will you therefore please send us the names and addresses of two other suppliers with whom you have dealings?
译解：
Reference，此词意思很多。其中之一就是本段文字中的意思，即信用、能力等的证明人。请看其它用法。一般来讲，是作“关于、谈到（和介词to连用）”解。1. with reference to 和in reference to 同义，多用于句子开头。以前者较普通，with 和in 也可以省略。With ( In ) reference to payment, we cannot do otherwise than L/C at sight.关于付款，我们除见票即付的信用证之外，其它不接受。2. make reference to…谈到、参考。In your letter, you have made reference to discount. 你在信中谈到折扣问题。Please make reference to Term 8 of our agreement. 请参阅我们的协议第八条。3. without reference to --- 不论、不管。We do not think it right to compare prices without reference to quality. 我们认为只是比较价格而不顾及质量是不妥的。4. for one’s reference, 供某人参考。For your reference we enclose an analysis of the test we have made. 兹附上化验结果一份，供你参考。We shall appreciate it if you will send some up-to-date patterns for our reference. 如果寄给我们一些最新花样作参考，将不胜感激。5. （信用证、能力等的）见证人。Their reference is the Bank of China. 证明者是中国银行。（他们的信用可由中国银行证明。）
第四节
译题：
该冻死于1950年组建时，资金为800，000美元，现业已增至1亿美元。今年2月他们公告之资产负债表显示，净获益大约100，000美元。他们有足够资金支付此笔开销。
译例：
This company was organized in 1950 with a capital of US$800,000 and it has now increased to one million US dollars. Their balance sheet published in February this year indicates net profit at approximately US$100,000. They have enough money to pay for this shipment.
译解：
Profit， 名词：利润、利益。 They accepted the offer to start the ball rolling, disregarding profit. 他们接受这个报盘，仅为做一个开端，并不计较利润。We gained profit from the experience. 经验使我们获得益处。动词：（指人）获益，（指物）有利于。We believe you will profit by confining your offers to a limited number of firms. 我们相信你们将报盘集中于少数几家商号是有益的。Such an arrangement does not profit either part. 这样一种安排对双方都没有好处。He bent solely upon profit. 他专图获利。This new paper has a clear profit of 1,000 dollars a day on advertisement alone. 这家报纸单在广告方面每天就有一千元的纯利。No profit will come in. 无利可获。There will certainly be a profit in the end. 最后一定可以获利。He has a profit on everything he sells. 他所卖的东西都获利。I hope to sell them at a good profit.我希望能以厚利将它们卖掉。He makes a profit. 他获利了。He does his work for personal profit. 他工作起来仅仅是为了个人的私利。It is sold at a profit of twenty cents. 它以赚两角钱的利润卖出去了。I have not made any profit by the silk trade this year. 今年我不曾靠丝绸生意获利。I hope to profit from your advice. 我希望能从你的劝告中获益。 You may profit by the example of others. 你可以从别人的榜样中获益。It will not profit him. 它不会使他获益。You should profit by every opportunity of speaking English. 你应利用每次说英语的机会。What will it profit him? 这对他有何益处？
第五节
译题：
贵城的史密斯公司意欲与我方开一帐户，故已将贵公司的宝号通知我方，以作为被询人。请寄来贵公司两份征信资料，因为迄今我方仍未与贵公司有过任何交易。
译例：
Messrs. Smith & Co., in your city, desire to open an account with us, and have given your name as a reference. Will you favor us with two references, as we have hitherto had no business transaction with you.
译解：
Messrs. Smith & Co.，为何史密斯公司前面要加Messrs.， 有的公司就不加？原因是史密斯公司的名称是由人名构成的，就这样简单。假如不是由人名，而是别的样式，比如红星公司，只写Red-star Co.即可。那么Messrs.是什么意思呢？就是先生，是Mr.的复数形式。而Messrs.则是法语词Messieurs的缩写。再者，Messrs.既然能是复数形式，那就要记住句子谓语不要用单数。最后，Messrs.经常用缩写形式：M/S，因此Messrs. Smith & Co.可以，而且经常写成M/S Smith & Co.
Open an account，开立一个帐户。account有较多的说法。名词和动词形式相同。先看名词。1。帐目，帐（略缩a/c），外贸书信中常见的短语有：for one’s account, 由某人支付。We bought the goods for the account of Messrs. Peterson & Co.这些货物是我们代彼得森公司购买的。We bought the goods for our own account.这些货物是我们自己购买的。The additional charges will be for our account.附加费由我方承担。The additional charges are to be for your account. 附加费由你方承担。The extra freight is to be for buyers’ account.额外运费由买方承担。2。理由，原因（on account of，由于，因为）。We cannot accept fresh orders on account of heavy sales.由于大量售出，我们不能接受新订单。On account of lack of direct steamer, please allow transshipment in your L/C. 因为没有直达轮船，请在你的信用证中注明准许转船。On account of difference in taste, your designs do not suit this market. 由于趣味不同，你的图案不适于此间市场。The price dropped on account of large offerings from other sources. 由于来自其它方面的大量报盘，价格已经下跌。3。考虑（take…into account, 对。。。加以考虑或注意）。Price is not the only factor; you have to take the quality into account. 价格不是唯一因素，你方也必须考虑到质量。We agree to your request, taking into account our good relations. 考虑到我们之间良好的关系，我们同意你方的要求。动词可作“解释和说明”解。We cannot account for the delay. 我们无法解释延迟的原因。It is difficult to account for this sharp price. 对价格的急剧上升，很难解释。还可作“占”解，指多少数量的百分比。Cotton accounts for 70% of their exports. 棉花占他们出口的百分之七十。4。认为。I account him a good teacher. 我认为他是一位好教师。
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