What are cortisol,adrenalin, orexin

what are cortisol,adrenalin, orexin:

1. Cortisol: Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located at the top of your kidneys. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone" because its levels increase when your body is under physical or psychological stress. However, cortisol serves many other important functions beyond stress response. For instance, it helps regulate your body's metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation. It also has a vital role in the body's sleep-wake cycle.

2. Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine): Adrenaline is a hormone produced in the adrenal glands and some neurons in the brain. It plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. When you perceive a threatening or exciting situation, your body releases adrenaline into your bloodstream, which causes your heart rate to increase, your pupils to dilate, and your airway to open up. This prepares your body to react quickly to the situation, whether that means running away or facing it head-on.

3. Orexin (also known as hypocretin): Orexin is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. It's produced in the hypothalamus, an area of your brain that's involved in many functions, including sleep and hunger. People who have narcolepsy, a condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, often have a deficiency in orexin. This is because the neurons that produce orexin in their brains have been damaged or destroyed.

Each of these hormones plays an essential role in maintaining your body's equilibrium, or homeostasis. They are part of a complex system that responds to both internal and external environmental changes.

 

1. Cortisol（皮质醇）：皮质醇是由位于肾上腺的肾上腺皮质所产生的类固醇激素。它常被称为 "压力荷尔蒙"，因为当你的身体处于物理或心理压力下时，皮质醇的水平会增加。然而，皮质醇除了应对压力外，还有许多其他重要的功能。例如，它帮助调节你的身体的新陈代谢，减少炎症，并协助记忆的形成。它在身体的睡眠-觉醒周期中也起着重要的作用。

2. Adrenaline（肾上腺素）：肾上腺素是在肾上腺和大脑中的一些神经元中产生的一种激素。它在体内的应激反应中起着关键的作用。当你感觉到一个威胁或兴奋的情况时，你的身体会将肾上腺素释放到你的血液中，这会导致你的心率加快，瞳孔扩大，气道打开。这使你的身体能快速地对情况做出反应，无论是逃跑还是直面。

3. Orexin（促醒素）：促醒素是一种调节觉醒、清醒和食欲的神经肽。它在下丘脑中产生，下丘脑涉及到许多功能，包括睡眠和饥饿。那些患有嗜睡症的人（一种以过度的日间嗜睡和突然发作的睡眠为特征的病症），通常促醒素会缺乏。这是因为他们大脑中产生促醒素的神经元已经被破坏或者毁灭。

每一种荷尔蒙都在维持你体内的平衡，或者说体内环境的稳态中起着重要的作用。他们是一个复杂系统的一部分，可以响应内部和外部环境的变化。