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一直想看电影奥本海默Oppenheimer ,周五下班,路过影院,正好有一场,就坐进去了,没想到是一部以对话为主的三小时长片,没有动作没有战争没有特效没有悬疑,但演导阵容强大,导演Nolan执导过多部高质量大片,包括我认为最感伤的影片星际行者Interstellar,奥本海默的扮演者Cillian Murphy曾主演口碑极高的电视系列热剧Peaky Blinder, 把一个爱尔兰黑帮领袖演得出神入化,我从不跟剧,除了这部,晚上不睡也要一口气把新剧集看完。另外,奥本海默的军方同事,妻子,和政敌的扮演者都是大牌名角儿,可以说片中最不出名的就是爱因斯坦了,一个圣诞老人般可爱的胖老儿。如此演导,三个小时并不觉得过于冗长。
奥本海默历史给他的定位是原子弹之父,显然不是一个他乐意接受的标签,战后他致力于反战和核武控制,导致他被构陷通共通苏,遭原子能委员会剥夺情报接触权,从此失去对核控的发言权及政治影响力。影片中有个情节,研发原子弹时他得知氢弹也被手下科学家泰勒研究得呼之欲出,焦虑万分,氢弹的威力比原子弹还要大百倍,他借其权力否决了氢弹的开发。泰勒在后来原子能委员会审查奥本海默时,做了不利于奥的陈述。要提一下的是,尽管肯尼迪总统在1963年授予奥本海默费米奖,表彰他的贡献,但直到2022年12月,美国能源部才公开推翻五十年前原子能委员会的审查结果,真正恢复了他的名誉。
我自己也不愿称奥本海默为原子弹之父,取而代之的,我认为他可以被称为系统工程之父,他领导的研制原子弹的曼哈顿工程,四千多人参与其中,耗资二十多亿美元(当时),在一片沙漠里平地而起,短短两年多时间里将一纸理论转变为一试而成的世界最早的三颗原子弹,两颗直接投入战争。其间他要统筹从研究到制造的一条龙流程,协调散漫的科学家和一丝不苟的军方共同参与的工作,更要化解基地里进步工会活动与战时国家机器管制间的冲突。称曼哈顿工程开了现代系统工程之先河,一点都不夸张,战后美国的科技腾跃,包括阿波罗探月工程,都离不开曼哈顿工程成功的经验。
十几年前我在一个地方就职,那里流行给自己的办公室命名,当然是非正式搞着玩的,我在自己的房间门上贴了" Oppenheimer Rome"以致敬奥本海默在我心目中系统工程之父的形象,为了避免同事误解,下方我还专门写了理由,不是因为他开发原子弹,而是他创立曼哈顿系统工程以及他战后致力和平的努力。我一直最佩服那种在大局观中分析细节有机关联的能力,和将日常繁琐程序规整进系统进程的本领,我之不才不等于我不向往。
曼哈顿工程本为遏制希特勒法西斯对核武的开发,但德国在原子弹诞生前夜投降,躲过一劫,结果原子弹被投向没有战略意义的日本城市广岛和长崎,虽然西方政治家称其为终止美军伤亡惨重的太平洋战争之必需,我还是觉得是个错误。
但愿人类,能在被核弹毁灭前纠正自己的这个命运。
好久不上文学城问好.
你为啥那么在意点击率啊?
Michel Desmarquet在他所著的Thiaoouba Prophecy《海奥华预言》中提到,在海奥华星球上的外星人看来,“许多地球人认为核武器是主要的危险,但事实并非如此,最大的危险涉及物质主义”。这里的物质主义就是我们通常所说的拜金主义。老键,你如何看待外星人的这个看法 :)
电影里京都和婚礼的话不是杜鲁门说的,说话的人是陆军部长史汀生。至于他的婚礼地点是否决定了京都的命运,请参考:https://verdict.justia.com/2023/08/02/why-didnt-the-u-s-bomb-kyoto
要说呢,电影终归是电影,电影甚至没有完全忠实于伯德等的那部传记。可参考:https://www.nps.gov/articles/trumanatomicbomb.htm
另外关于杜鲁门的态度:
What Did Harry S Truman Have to Say About His Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb?
At the time, the president seemed conflicted over his decision. The day after the Hiroshima bomb was dropped, Truman received a telegram from Senator Richard B. Russell of Georgia, encouraging the president to use as many atomic bombs as possible on Japan, claiming the American people believed “that we should continue to strike the Japanese until they are brought groveling to their knees.” Truman responded, “I know that Japan is a terribly cruel and uncivilized nation in warfare but I can't bring myself to believe that because they are beasts, we should ourselves act in that same manner. For myself I certainly regret the necessity of wiping out whole populations because of the ‘pigheadedness’ of the leaders of a nation, and, for your information, I am not going to do it unless absolutely necessary.”
On August 9, the day the Nagasaki bomb was dropped, Truman received a telegram from Samuel McCrea Cavert, a Protestant clergyman, who pleaded with the president to stop the bombing “before any further devastation by atomic bomb is visited upon her [Japan’s] people.” Two days later, Truman replied, “The only language they seem to understand is the one we have been using to bombard them. When you have to deal with a beast you have to treat him as a beast.”
Looking back, President Truman never shirked personal responsibility for his decision, but neither did he apologize. He asserted that he would not use the bomb in later conflicts, such as Korea. Nevertheless, given the same circumstances and choices that confronted him in Japan in 1945, he said he would do exactly the same thing.
对其帮凶,你们说呢?
---“政治家和史学家都这么说”---
1. 我感觉不是“不觉得过于冗长”,而是一忽儿就结束了,余味绵长。
2. 我个人以为对日使用原子弹有战略意义:既避免了美军在日本本岛作战的巨大牺牲,随带地也免除了日本本岛作战对平民的附带伤害。广岛长崎的原子弹受害者承受了代价,但此害小于彼利,且由于日本政府的冥顽而不可避免。
聽說這哥們兒是天不怕地不怕的梟雄,還特別霸道,死要面子。
好像他說過,如果地球上沒有了俄羅斯,那要地球幹嘛?厲害啊!