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波伊列夫表示，他将通过一项凌驾于宪章权利之上的法律。这将是首相的首次尝试。
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pierre-poilievre-notwithstanding-clause-1.7509802
联邦政府从未动用过“尽管如此”条款。
马克·戈洛姆 · CBC 新闻 · 2025年4月15日 马克·戈洛姆是CBC新闻驻多伦多记者。他负责报道加拿大和美国的政治和时事。
波伊列夫承诺援引“尽管如此”条款，为何意义重大？| Hanomansing Tonight
保守党领袖皮埃尔·波伊列夫表示，他将动用“尽管如此”条款，确保连环杀人犯死在狱中。桑科夫刑法首席顾问彼得·桑科夫发表了看法。
2006年1月，在联邦领导人辩论中，自由党领袖保罗·马丁出乎意料地提出了“尽管条款”的问题，令许多政治观察家感到意外。
马丁挑战保守党领袖斯蒂芬·哈珀，要求他同意一项宪法修正案，确保渥太华永远不会使用这项备受争议的条款。哈珀拒绝了，而这个问题——一些人认为是马丁为竞选造势——最终在竞选活动中销声匿迹。
一名男子站在讲台上。保守党领袖皮埃尔·波利耶夫周一表示，如果他成为下一任总理，他将推翻一项禁止终身监禁的司法裁决。（格雷厄姆·休斯/加拿大新闻社）
但这个问题在本次竞选中再次出现，这一次，这位保守党领袖提出了这个问题，并做出了具有政治开创性的承诺，他将成为首位在任期间援引该条款的总理。
“这显然是重要的一步，”前总理皮埃尔·特鲁多的首席秘书托马斯·阿克斯沃西（Thomas Axworthy）说道。阿克斯沃西曾在促成《权利与自由宪章》制定的宪法磋商中为特鲁多提供咨询。
观看：波利耶夫雷称将使用“尽管如此”条款：
波利耶夫雷称将使用“尽管如此”条款，确保多重谋杀犯死在狱中
保守党领袖皮埃尔·波利耶夫雷（Pierre Poilievre）周一在其司法议程中宣布了另一项声明，承诺将使用“尽管如此”条款推翻《权利与自由宪章》，以确保被判犯有多重谋杀罪的人永远不会出狱。
“关于“尽管如此”条款仅存的约束或限制惯例之一是，至今还没有联邦政府使用过它。现在有人热情地提出这一点。这意义重大，”现任多伦多大学梅西学院公共政策系主任的阿克斯沃西说道。
渥太华大学法学助理教授斯特凡·塞拉芬（Stéphane Sérafin）也表示赞同，皮埃尔·波利耶夫（Pierre Poilievre）承诺使用“尽管条款”意义重大，因为迄今为止，只有各省真正使用了该条款。
“总的来说，这足以改变游戏规则，”他说。
连续终身监禁
周一，波利耶夫承诺使用“尽管条款”对多名杀人犯判处连续终身监禁。加拿大最高法院于2022年裁定，判处连续终身监禁违反了罪犯的《宪章》权利。
第33条——即“尽管条款”——允许各省省长或总理在五年内推翻法官认定违反《宪章》条款的立法裁决。
观看 |卡尼称波利耶夫计划使用“尽管条款”是“危险的一步”：
卡尼称波利耶夫计划使用“尽管条款”是“危险的一步”
自由党领袖马克·卡尼表示，保守党领袖皮埃尔·波利耶夫计划使用“尽管条款”可能会让加拿大陷入“滑坡”。波利耶夫表示，他将援引该条款，推翻《权利与自由宪章》，使被判犯有多重谋杀罪的人永远无法出狱。
“对于那些毕生致力于支持《宪章》的人来说，他们一直非常担心它会像我们现在看到的那样被滥用，”阿克斯沃西说。
“这并非在危机情况下，并非在审慎的情况下，并非在大规模公开辩论之后，而是一个多数派政府出于自身政治原因，迎合其基本盘。”
该条款只能推翻《宪章》的某些部分——包括第2条以及第7至15条，这些条款涉及基本自由、合法权利和平等权利——但不能用于推翻民主权利。
波利耶夫表示，他将使用“尽管如此”条款，以确保连环杀人犯在监狱中死亡。
波利耶夫试图在特朗普担忧情绪占据主导地位之际，引起选民对暴力犯罪的关注。
该条款已在省级层面使用，包括萨斯喀彻温省、魁北克省和安大略省，但联邦政府从未使用该条款通过法律。该条款主要在魁北克省使用，魁北克省从1982年到1985年，将其作为一种政治抗议的形式纳入每一项立法中。
多伦多大学政治学名誉教授纳尔逊·怀斯曼表示，联邦政府使用该条款是“不公平的”。
这无疑将是一项重大举措。
“然而，在某种程度上，它并不像二三十年前那样重要，也不像二三十年前那样令人惊讶，因为它现在已在各省广泛使用，”怀斯曼说道。
虽然一些保守党议员，包括保守党领袖候选人，公开支持在一系列问题上援引该条款，但党内领导人迄今为止在竞选期间一直回避这一立场。
“你们完全明白我的意思”
早在2024年5月，波利耶夫雷在加拿大警察协会的一次会议上就暗示将使用该条款来实施一些刑事司法改革。
“我们将使用宪法允许我使用的任何工具，使它们符合宪法。我想你们完全明白我的意思，”波利耶夫雷告诉人群。
周一，他表示将利用议会的“合法宪法权力”，保护守法加拿大人享有的生命、自由和安全的宪章权利。
分析：卡尼和普利耶夫正在争取一场既关乎变革又关乎稳定的选举。
该条款的使用一直受到那些将其视为践踏既有权利工具的人的担忧。本月早些时候，在加拿大公民自由协会的牵头下，50多个组织、人权倡导者和法律专家发表了一封公开信，敦促所有联邦政党领导人承诺在新政府组建后六个月内就“尽管条款”进行公众咨询。
加拿大公民自由协会基本自由项目主任阿奈斯·布西埃尔·麦克尼科尔在一份与这封公开信相关的声明中表示：“越来越多地使用‘尽管条款’来践踏公民自由和人权，这对我们最基本的权利和自由构成了威胁。”
“现在是联邦政党领导人倾听加拿大人民的担忧并挺身而出维护其权利的时候了。”
周一，自由党领袖马克·卡尼和新民主党领袖贾格米特·辛格均拒绝使用“尽管如此”条款。
观看 | 辛格谈“尽管如此”条款时表示：“我认为我们不应该使用它。”
辛格谈“尽管如此”条款时表示：“我认为我们不应该使用它。”
新民主党领袖贾格米特·辛格在联邦选举活动第23天于多伦多发表讲话时，被问及保守党领袖皮埃尔·波利耶夫承诺使用《加拿大权利与自由宪章》中的“尽管如此”条款来推动刑事司法改革。
阿克斯沃西表示，任何政府援引该条款都是一件“大事”，但当联邦政府计划使用该条款时，意义尤为重大。
“经过一代人的时间，这些限制慢慢地开始减弱，现在我们有一位联邦领导人表示他很乐意这么做，”他说。
刑法改革的必要性：教授
但支持使用该条款的塞拉芬表示，只要有人试图改革刑法，那么它就变得必要，因为法院已经废除了强制性最低刑罚等刑事禁令。
他驳斥了应该对援引“尽管如此”条款感到担忧的观点，并质疑加拿大??在1982年回归宪法之前是否是一个暴政国家。
“答案是否定的，当然不是。第33条，即“尽管如此”条款，实际上的作用是允许议会或立法机构恢复到1982年之前的状态，但期限只有五年。”
塞拉芬表示，该条款的期限设定为五年并非巧合，这也是《宪章》规定的议会最长任期。
“如果保守党获胜，他们会通过第33条来推行这项[法律]，然后举行选举，”他说。
“所以你要确保对此进行某种民主制约。”
Poilievre says he'd pass a law that overrides a Charter right. That would be a first for a PM
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pierre-poilievre-notwithstanding-clause-1.7509802?
No federal government has ever used the notwithstanding clause
Mark Gollom · CBC News · Mark Gollom is a Toronto-based reporter with CBC News. He covers Canadian and U.S. politics and current affairs.
Why is Poilievre's pledge to invoke notwithstanding clause significant? | Hanomansing Tonight
In January 2006 during the federal leaders' debate, Liberal Leader Paul Martin surprised many political observers when he seemingly out of the blue raised the issue of the notwithstanding clause.
Martin challenged Conservative Leader Stephen Harper to agree to a constitutional amendment ensuring that Ottawa would never use the controversial clause. Harper refused, and the issue, which some saw as an effort by Martin to boost his campaign, fizzled from the election campaign landscape.
Conservative Party Leader Pierre Poilievre said Monday that he'd override a judicial ruling against consecutive life sentences if he becomes the next prime minister. (Graham Hughes/The Canadian Press)
But the issue has returned to this election campaign and this time it's the Conservative leader who has raised it, with a politically groundbreaking promise to become the first prime minister to invoke the clause in office.
"It's a major step obviously," said Thomas Axworthy, former prime minister Pierre Trudeau's principal secretary, who advised Trudeau during the Constitution consultations that led to the creation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Poilievre says he'll use notwithstanding clause to ensure multiple-murderers die in prison
"One of the last remaining restraining or constraining conventions about the notwithstanding [clause] is that no federal government has used it. Now we have someone enthusiastically proposing that. That's major," said Axworthy, who is now chair of public policy at the University of Toronto's Massey College.
Stéphane Sérafin, an assistant professor of law at the University of Ottawa, echoed that Pierre Poilievre's pledge to use the notwithstanding clause is significant in the sense that the provinces are the only ones that have actually used it so far.
"Just generally that's a game-changer," he said.
Consecutive life sentences
On Monday, Poilievre promised to use the notwithstanding clause to impose consecutive life sentences on multiple murderers. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled in 2022 that imposing consecutive life sentences violates an offender's Charter rights.
Section 33 — known as the notwithstanding clause — allows for premiers or prime ministers to override rulings on legislation that judges have determined would violate sections of the Charter for a five-year period.
Carney calls Poilievre's plan to use notwithstanding clause a 'dangerous step'"For those who invested so much of their life in supporting a Charter, it's always been a tremendous concern that it could be used the way we're seeing now," Axworthy said.
"Not in crisis situations, not judiciously, not after massive public debates and so on, but a majority government for its own political reasons playing to its base."
The clause can only override certain sections of the Charter — including Section 2 and sections 7 to 15, which deal with fundamental freedoms, legal rights and equality rights — but can't be used to override democratic rights.
The clause has been used at the provincial level, including by Saskatchewan, Quebec and Ontario, but no federal government has ever used the clause to pass a law. It's mostly been used in Quebec, which included it in every piece of legislation from 1982 to 1985 as a form of political protest.
Nelson Wiseman, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Toronto, said federal use of the clause would certainly be a significant move.
"However, it's not as significant in one way or not as surprising as it would have been 20 or 30 or 40 years ago because it's been used now a lot in various provinces," Wiseman said.
While some Conservative members of Parliament, including Conservative leadership contenders, have publicly supported invoking it for a range of issues, party leaders have until now backed away from that stance during election campaigns.
'You know exactly what I mean'
Back in May 2024, Poilievre himself hinted at using the clause to implement some criminal justice reforms when speaking to a conference of the Canadian Police Association.
"We will make them constitutional, using whatever tools the Constitution allows me to use to make them constitutional. I think you know exactly what I mean," Poilievre told the crowd.
On Monday, he said he would use Parliament's "legitimate constitutional authority" to protect the Charter rights of law-abiding Canadians to life, liberty and security.
ANALYSIS Carney and Poilievre are fighting an election that's about both change and stability
The use of the clause has been a concern to those who see it as an instrument to trample established rights. Earlier this month, led by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, more than 50 organizations, human rights advocates and legal experts released an open letter urging all federal party leaders to commit to a public consultation on the notwithstanding clause within six months of forming a new government.
"The growing use of the notwithstanding clause to trample civil liberties and human rights is a threat to our most basic rights and freedoms," Anaïs Bussières McNicoll, director of the CCLA's Fundamental Freedoms program, said in a statement related to the open letter.
"Now is the time for federal political party leaders to listen to people of Canada's concerns and to stand up for their rights."
On Monday, both Liberal Leader Mark Carney and NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh rejected using the notwithstanding clause.
'I believe we should not be using it,’ says Singh on notwithstanding clauseAxworthy said it's a "big deal" when any government invokes the clause, but it's especially significant when the federal government plans to use it.
"Slowly after a generation those constraints begin to weaken and weaken, and now we have a federal leader saying he's happy to," he said.
Necessary for criminal law reform: professor
But Sérafin, who supports the use of the clause, said insofar as someone is trying to reform criminal law, it becomes necessary because of the way that courts have struck down criminal prohibitions like mandatory minimum sentences.
He rejected the idea that there should be concern about invoking the notwithstanding clause, asking whether Canada was a tyrannical state before it patriated the Constitution in 1982.
"The answer is no, of course not. What Section 33, the notwithstanding clause, effectively does is it kind of allows Parliament or legislature to return to the pre-1982 status quo, but only for a period of five years."
It's not a coincidence that it's set at five years, which is also the maximum duration for Parliament under the Charter, Sérafin said.
"If the Conservatives get in, they put this [law] through Section 33 and then there's an election," he said.
"So you're ensuring some kind of democratic check on this."
