新华社巴黎6月22日电（记者乔本孝）为期两天的新全球融资契约峰会22日在法国巴黎开幕，多国元首或政府首脑、重要国际组织及国际金融机构负责人等出席，探讨气候生态行动与国际金融体系改革现状与前景，以期为新的全球融资契约凝聚共识。
峰会主办国法国总统马克龙在开幕致辞中说，现有国际金融体系是旧共识的结果，它在过去几十年发挥了积极作用，但已逐渐不能适应新情况，有必要校正，最终缔造新的全球融资契约。
马克龙就此提出4点呼吁：消除贫困与保护地球不能“二选一”，要同时进行；没有唯一模式，各国有权选择适合自己的道路；改进公共金融，加强减贫、气候与生态融资；更好动员私营领域，撬动更多资金。
本次峰会主要议程包括6个主题讨论，涵盖多边发展银行、绿色合作、债务与特别提款权、私营领域、创新金融工具、信息数据等。此外，还有80场同期举行的会外活动等。
在去年11月举行的二十国集团领导人巴厘岛峰会上，马克龙提议召开本次峰会。他当时在讲话中说，我们正进入气候紧急时代，但现有的国际金融规则并未将此纳入考虑。
let me be abusive a little bit president macron and start by doing what is necessary on behalf of the our people； people of Zambia because Zambia was more or less used like a guinea pig welcome to candid Africa truthful and Unapologetic one of the deliverables for this Summit and president
macron is aware I came down here and requested that obviously also the president of China and
that we should ensure that by the time this Summit takes place we'll have delivered the Zambia debt
restructuring project and as that yesterday this is one of the deliverables at this Summit thank
you to China thank you to France for sharing the G20 framework thank you to South Africa for being
the deputy chair for this process and also to all of the countries that in one world or another
supported this process to reach the conclusion it did yesterday and the benefit it will deliver
to other data countries because Zambia was more or less used like a guinea pig and we are now
in this situation and we hope that the lessons of that process can be learned and learned correctly
and be applied to the other processes that will commence the starting I believe uh following this
this Summit but I must also say thank you to the people of Zambia for their patience
we took this project as one of our responsibilities before we formed government
as an opposition party that debt restructuring was a critical deliverable for us and the people of
Zambia were very patient extremely patient pain on the other side because this structural adjustment
the structural processes and if there's one lesson that I want to share with other countries that
leadership is crucial at the country level to be clear of what you want and say so to your people
people may not support everything that's necessary institutional reform
consumption expenditure controls I dare say habits of corruption I enjoyed by many in our countries
and when you put reforms you confront them as well but it's important to be intentional as leaders
and then deliver that to our communities they will go through the pain but they will support
you as Zambians have done that thank you very much to the people let me put context to this
the poverty and climate change we have already argued that these are intertwined
there's no question about it let me draw the first aspect of the connection
even before we talk about financing new financing more financing
when countries are not growing
economically you cannot expect a poor person to carry an additional burden
that is necessary Drive Cross Drive development so poverty actually exacerbates
the climate change mitigation measures I argue and it's very clear
if you are asking your poor people to switch energy sources can they afford from charcoal
to clean lineage they are already stressed so we need to find mechanisms to support
the poor in our countries less privileged I heard this word called poverty the poor but the less
privileged to be able to come through to support the changes that are required to mitigate climate
change negative effects I think that's very very important it's also true to say climate change
on the flip side has imposed new obligations on the less privileged for us as a global Community
to mobilize resources yes but these resources must be invested to help grow the economies
of the less developed countries very important because by doing that we are creating capacity
in those economies to mitigate against climate change and obviously poverty reduction so value
addition not just with the electric vehicle industry that is coming through huge industry
it is important president macron that we look at deliberately in investing in extraction
critical minerals for example in value adding these manuals in country
obviously that will help the growth side of the GDP create jobs business opportunities
for the transactional change in there if I may call it that so I think this must be delivered
as well rather than generic discussions we must dive deep into the envelope and begin
to say these are requirements these are needs these are minimums and it will mutually benefit
as somebody said yesterday not to paralyze the conversation the North and the South it would
definitely be structured properly benefit the north the South and that's not the debate we
must be engaging in but mutuality for greater good for a safe world for a world that we can
pass on to the next Generation in a responsible manner there we have it let us know if you liked
or hated what you had in the comments Below in this show we do not give you opinions we
want us to discuss below that's a whole point of listening to a candid speech not as imposing our
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me mikeymushi from 2nacheki and that has been your candid Africa truthful and Unapologetic
[Music]
Thank you
(Bloomberg) -- Zambia will pay interest rates of as low as 1% until 2037 as part of its debt restructuring deal secured with nations including China this week, according to people with knowledge of the matter.
The southern African country will push out maturities on $6.3 billion in bilateral debt to 2043, representing an average extension of more than 12 years. Rates will increase to a maximum 2.5% after 14 years under the baseline scenario, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the details weren’t public. Zambia was paying an average of 3.9% on its Chinese bilateral loans, according to estimates by Debt Justice, a UK organization that campaigns for loan cancellation for poor nations.
The Zambian government announced the landmark deal in Paris this week under the Group of 20’s Common Framework mechanism for traditional creditors of the Paris Club to negotiate deep relief alongside new lenders, especially China. The nation must now get its private creditors to agree to comparable treatment.
Read More: Zambia Wins Debt Relief, Sets Precedent for Stressed Nations
It’s a major breakthrough for a process that had been mired in delays, just as the number of countries needing restructuring expanded. Zambia became Africa’s first pandemic-era sovereign defaulter in November 2020, and has been in talks with its official creditor committee for about a year.
“It was like a mission impossible,” Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema said Saturday to a cheering crowd of hundreds at the airport on his return to Zambia’s capital, Lusaka. “It wasn’t a straight line. It was zig-zag, sideways, forward, backwards, down, up. But we kept our eyes on the ball.”
While the deal doesn’t include debt cancellation, and rather pushes out maturities at much lower interest rates, people including International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva welcomed what she described as “deep debt relief.” Chinese lenders resisted writedowns, preferring to extend payment terms.
The Zambian finance ministry couldn’t immediately provide comment when asked to confirm the details. A London-based spokesperson for Lazard Freres, the government’s financial advisers, declined to comment. The Chinese embassy in Lusaka didn’t respond to requests for comment.
The deal includes a contingency for if Zambia’s economy performs better than expected, at which point creditors will get paid more. Zambia said in October it’s seeking to revamp about $12.8 billion in loans out of its total external public liabilities that grew to more than $18 billion by the end of 2022.
Other key terms of the deal, reported here for the first time, include:
- Under the baseline scenario, the reduction to net present value of the debt equals about 40% using a 5% discount factor.
- If Zambia is judged to be upgraded to a “medium” debt carrying capacity, interest rates rise to a maximum 4%.
- Principal repayments are to begin in 2026, at 0.5% or about $30 million yearly, until 2035.
- A loan for the Kafue Gorge Lower hydropower plant will be included in the restructuring, even after China requested it be ring-fenced.
While the IMF put Zambia’s bilateral debt at nearly $8 billion by the end of 2021, the government said it’s restructuring $6.3 billion in official loans. The reason for the difference is that some Chinese debt was reclassified as commercial, the people said. These loans will still get comparable treatment.
Zambia now needs to seek restructuring terms at least as favorable from its commercial creditors, including the holders of $3 billion in eurobonds that are also more than $500 million in arrears.
Hichilema in his speech on Saturday thanked French President Emmanuel Macron and Chinese President Xi Jinping. China and France co-chaired the official creditors’ committee. Zambia’s leader said in an interview on Friday that he plans to visit China within the next three months or so, in what would be his first trip there since winning power in August 2021.
--With assistance from Taonga Mitimingi and Jennifer Zabasajja.
耶伦施压失败，中国说到做到，宽限赞比亚贷款，更激烈博弈在路上
https://www.163.com/dy/article/I85CPK0205561A6I.html?
2023-06-26 陈莺迁
中国说到做到，宽限赞比亚债务还款期限，耶伦对中国提出了怎样的要求？中方为何要对出言不逊的赞比亚伸出援手？为什么说更激烈的博弈还在后面？
受新冠疫情和世界经济低迷的影响，第三世界国家的债务违约问题成为国际金融焦点，其中赞比亚在2020年便成了首个在疫情后发生债务违约的非洲国家。
不过围绕赞比亚的债务重组问题，世界各国却有不少争议。
据《华尔街日报》6月23日报道，有知情人士透露，中国和西方债权人已经与赞比亚政府达成协议，将延长赞比亚63亿美元贷款的宽限期，根据新协议内容，这笔63亿美元的贷款即将进入20年的偿还期，不过赞比亚在此之前又额外获得了3年的宽限期。
根据IMF（国际货币基金组织）发布的数据，赞比亚目前有多达167亿美元的外债，其中中国是其最大的债权国，贷款约为59.4亿美元。
需要指出的是，虽然赞比亚借中国的钱最多，但是对中国的态度却并不算友善。
在赞比亚爆发债务违约后，赞比亚政府便提出了一个全新的债务减免计划，要求通过直接承担本金损失或降低利率和延长偿还期的方式，将其债权的总价值减少一半，估值大约是60亿美元，这个过程中，最大债权国中国损失的利益无疑是最多的。
因此，中方提出了希望世界银行或其他国家债权人，都能够参与债务减免的工作，而不是让中国单方面承担损失。
然而中方的提议却遭到了世界银行的拒绝，甚至赞比亚财长还对中国发出警告，称中国的债务重组计划，干扰了债务减免进程，阻碍了赞比亚的经济复苏。
虽然赞比亚出言不逊，但中方依然保持了最大程度的尊重，中国外交部多次强调，赞比亚的债务重组问题需要各利益相关方相互理解、相互信任，共同努力找到最佳的解决方案。
虽然中方在赞比亚的债务结构中占比接近三分之一，但是以西方为主的商业债权人和多边金融机构债务也占比70%，因此缓解赞比亚的债务压力，绝非中国一家的责任。
而且，就在赞比亚对中国出言不逊的前夕，美国财政部部长耶伦刚刚访问赞比亚，并与该国总统穆索科图瓦内举行会谈，耶伦更是点名喊话中国，要求中国减免赞比亚的债务，随即遭到了中国赞比亚大使馆的驳斥。
也就是从这个时候开始，赞比亚对中国态度大变。
要知道，中国多年来一直不遗余力地支持赞比亚的建设和发展，还为赞比亚承建了下凯富峡水电站，为其国内的民生改善作出了重要贡献，赞比亚因债务压力而急功近利，反而对主要债权国家施压，这绝对不是理智的行为。
而且自那之后，耶伦时不时就会用债务重组的话题来施压中国。
今年4月，中国人民银行行长易纲前往美国参加国际货币基金组织/世界银行春季例会，虽然中方并没有与耶伦会面的行程，但是耶伦依然不忘隔空喊话，要求中国为第三世界国家的债务重组负起责任。
不仅如此，美国还借助对世界银行和IMF的影响力，进一步向中国施压。
其中时任世界银行行长的戴维·马尔帕斯表示，全球有超过70个低收入国家背负着总计3260亿美元的债务，其中有15%的低收入国家陷入债务困境，而中国作为发展中国家最大的双边债权人，必须同意建立债务重组的新秩序。
而IMF总裁格奥尔基耶娃也表示，中国还没有意识到，自己需要遵守多边债务重组的规则，中国需要发挥自己的作用。
就在不久前，耶伦又在美国国会上宣称，中国对发展中国家尤其是贫困国家发放的贷款是“不可持续”的，并认为世界银行等机构是制衡中国的关键力量，美国国会要加强对这些机构的“财政支持”。
耶伦直接对世界银行提出要求，称中国没有资格得到世界银行的贷款。
事实上，美国对世界银行的确有极大的影响力，美国是认购世界银行股份最多的国家，甚至世界银行新任行长彭安杰，都是拜登政府提名的。
不过彭安杰似乎并不打算买美国的账，彭安杰直言，中国不是世行的“竞争对手”，世行也不想卷入中美的竞争。
中国外交部发言人汪文斌随后也驳斥了耶伦的说法，指出国际货币基金组织和世界银行不是美国国际货币基金组织，也不是美国世界银行。
汪文斌还强调，中国始终基于公开透明原则同发展中国家开展融资合作，不附加任何政治条件，不寻求任何政治私利，并一直帮助发展中国家缓解债务负担，在二十国集团缓债倡议当中所做的贡献最大。
如今，中国同意了赞比亚的贷款宽限协议，其实也是对耶伦的一次回击。
不过前文我们也谈到了，本次宽限的赞比亚贷款金额为63亿美元，也就是说，赞比亚接下来还有超过160亿美元的还款需要解决。
而数据显示，中国对外借出的贷款接近1万亿美元，其中不少国家都已经濒临或者已经发生债务违约，例如在加纳中国还占有19亿美元的贷款，斯里兰卡也欠着中国73.8亿美元的债务。
赞比亚的贷款宽限，经过了18个月的讨论才得以签署协议，更多的第三世界国家依然“嗷嗷待哺”，这也意味着，中国与美国等西方债权国的博弈，才刚刚开始。
美国安顾问称中国借债务接管赞比亚国企，赞比亚官方出面辟谣
童黎 2018-12-16
导读
有意思的是，2018年上半年，赞比亚共向各类债权人支付了3.4182亿美元的利息，而英国媒体《非洲机密》将其误报为了4.89亿美元。
【编译/观察者网 童黎】
“令人遗憾的是，这种（错误）信息竟来自如此高级别的官员。”美国安顾问博尔顿（John Bolton）声称中国借债务“接管”赞比亚国有企业，随即遭到赞政府正面“打脸”。
值得注意的是，几个月前，赞比亚官方就已专门发声明澄清此事，但美高官仍想借此炒作“中国债务陷阱论”。
报道截图
据路透社12月16日报道，赞比亚否认了白宫官员称中国将“接管”赞比亚国有电力企业，以此弥补60-100亿美元债务的说法。
13日，美国国家安全顾问博尔顿声称，中国显然想扩大在赞比亚等非洲国家的势力，并准备“接管”赞比亚的公用事业公司——赞比亚国家电力公司Zesco，以收回相关债务。
博尔顿 视频截图
但赞比亚方面强调，这家公司从没当过抵押品，该国欠下的中国债务仅为31亿美元。
赞比亚总统发言人阿莫斯·钱达（Amos Chanda）就此向路透社澄清道，博尔顿抛出的数字——60-100亿美元是错误的。他表示，赞比亚目前的外债总额为97亿美元，其中包括中国持有的31亿美元债务。
“令人遗憾的是，这种（错误）信息竟来自如此高级别的官员。事实上，Zesco并不在赞比亚的中国债务计划范围内。”
钱达补充称，赞比亚重视与中美两国的关系，不会仅和其中一国打交道。
事实上，这已经不是赞比亚官方第一次否认相关谣言。
据《赞比亚报告》、《卢萨卡时报》等多家当地媒体9月中旬报道，有消息称，赞比亚政府正与中国国有企业就“接管”Zesco等国有资产进行谈判。赞比亚政府随即直截了当地否认了这一说法。
9月13日，赞比亚财政部长姆瓦纳卡特韦（Margaret Mwanakatwe）专门发表声明强调，政府没有向任何贷款方提供任何国有企业作为任何贷款的抵押品，与中国政府及中资放款人相关的债务也没有出现违约，影射中国政府“接管”任何资产的做法不切实际也不可行。
姆瓦纳卡特韦 图自《卢萨卡时报》
有意思的是，她当时也指出，2018年上半年，赞比亚共向各类债权人支付了3.4182亿美元的利息，而英国媒体《非洲机密（Africa Confidential ）》将其误报为了4.89亿美元。
另据路透社报道，今年6月，赞比亚决定无限期推迟所有计划中的借款，减缓了新债务的累积速度。该国总统伦古（Edgar Lungu）上月表示，将致力于提高其债务管理的透明度，并确保债务水平保持可持续。
此外，赞比亚财政部长近期表示，该国政府计划在今年年底前派遣代表团前往中国，讨论赞比亚的债务和债务重组问题。
尽管赞比亚曾经郑重“打假”，否认过西方媒体的错误报道，但美高官仍旧想借此炒作“中国债务陷阱论”，为美国“新非洲战略”造势，将矛头直指中国和俄罗斯。
据路透社报道，博尔顿声称中俄在非洲的商业行为是“腐败（corrupt）”而“具有掠夺性的（predatory）”，还叫嚣称美国计划与这两国带来的经济、政治影响对抗。
14日，外交部发言人陆慷就博尔顿13日的演讲回应表示，就中方而言，我们始终以开放的态度看待国际社会对非合作，欢迎国际社会各方在尊重非洲的基础上加大对非投入，支持非洲发展。同时，我们始终认为，有关合作应充分尊重非洲意愿，切实符合非洲需要，不干涉非洲内政，不附加任何政治条件。
图自外交部网站
他指出，谈到对非合作，中方谈论的都是非洲国家需要什么，比如说工业化和农业现代化。但大家可以看看美方有关人士谈非洲时的表态，除了谈论美国自身的利益和需要之外，美方想的不是非洲，而是中国和俄罗斯。到底谁在为非洲谋福祉，谁在非洲另有所图，公道自在人心。
陆慷举例道，纳米比亚总统根哥布说，某些国家对中国在纳米比亚影响力的所谓关切令人厌烦，请不要低估非洲人民的智商，非洲人民知道如何处理自己的事务。中方将继续秉持真实亲诚理念和正确义利观，加强与非洲国家的友好互利合作推动中非全面战略合作伙伴关系不断向前发展。
本文系观察者网独家稿件，未经授权，不得转载。
