刚发现方伟时间的一个系列,应该是很不错的。
介绍的是这本书:《The Five Thousand Year Leap: Twenty-Eight Great Ideas That Are Changing the World - by W. Cleon Skousen》
说一下我的感想。对第一条原则就非常有感触,就是说:在落后国家,可能人们没有区分法律 Law 到底"是任意制定的?","还是人发现的?"
如果是任意制定的,人就不知道为什么法律必须得到遵守。就像如果人们不懂得F=MA不是牛顿制定的,而是他发现的。人就不知道要遵守这个定律(也是LAW),以为这是英国人搞的东西,我们中国人就偏不听那一套(以前真的有批相对论的)。虽然意识层面不说给它加个中国系数,但潜意识层面总觉得或许我可以突破其限制。搞个多快好省。同样的力气,多推点东西,M大一点;或者同样的力气同样的物件我推得更快,A值比别人高;或者同样的物件M和同样的加速度,我能省点力,F小一点。这其实都是潜意识里要修改自然法,要给公式加一个毛系数,或者球系数。F=mMA. m <1, 就多快好省了。如果Law都能被我们改了,那不但弯道能超车,直道也可以超车了。
腐败、落后、愚昧国家,估计也不懂得法律的自然法的含义。以为它们是任意制定的,是当官的、富人为了统治,为了欺压老百姓,没有绝对的公平,等等言论甚嚣尘上。认为自己想改,就可以改;想废,就可以废。
甚至出现“不要以为法律为借口,不要拿法律做挡箭牌”的奇谈怪论。就类似58年大跃进,如果有人说F=MA,有人说,不要拿牛顿做挡箭牌一样,不要拿科学来压人。
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第一原则:健全的政府和公正的人际关系唯一可靠的基础是自然法。
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我从该书的目录里,用谷歌翻译了28个原则的列表。
第一原则:健全的政府和公正的人际关系唯一可靠的基础是自然法。
第二条原则:一个自由的人民不能在共和宪法下生存,除非他们保持美德和道德坚强。
第三条原则:确保一个有德行和道德稳定的人的最有希望的方法是选举有德行的领导人。
第四条原则:没有宗教,自由人民的政府就无法维持。
第五条原则:万物都是上帝创造的,因此全人类对他同等依赖,对他负有同等责任。
第六条原则:人人生而平等。
第七条原则:政府的应有作用是保护平等权利,而不是提供平等的东西。
第八条原则:造物主赋予人某些不可剥夺的权利。
第九条原则:为了保护人的权利,上帝揭示了一些神圣律法的原则。
第十项原则:上帝赋予的统治权属于全民主权。
第十一条原则:大多数人可以改变或废除一个已经变得专制的政府。
第十二条原则:美利坚合众国应是共和国。
第十三条原则:宪法的结构应永久保护人民免受其统治者的人性弱点。
第十四条原则:只有在财产权安全的情况下,生命和自由才是安全的。
第十五条原则:当有自由市场经济和最低限度的政府监管时,就会出现最高水平的繁荣。
第十六条原则:政府应分为立法、行政和司法三权分立。
第十七条原则:实行制衡制度,防止权力滥用。
第十八条原则:如果政府的原则在成文宪法中规定,人民不可剥夺的权利最有可能得到维护。
第十九条原则:只有有限的和经过仔细界定的权力才应该下放给政府,其他的都保留在人民手中。
第二十条原则:效率和调度要求政府按照多数人的意愿运作,但必须制定宪法规定保护少数人的权利。
第二十一条原则:强有力的地方自治是维护人类自由的基石。
第二十二条原则:一个自由的人应该受法律管辖,而不是受制于人的一时兴起。
第二十三条原则:如果没有广泛的通识教育计划,自由社会就无法作为共和国生存。
第二十四条原则:一个自由的人,除非他们保持坚强,否则他们将无法生存。
第二十五条原则:“与所有国家的和平、商业和诚实的友谊——与任何国家不结盟。”
第二十六条原则:决定任何社会强弱的核心单位是家庭;因此,政府应促进和保护其完整性。
第二十七条原则:债务负担对自由的破坏与征服征服一样。
第二十八条原则:美国注定要成为全人类的榜样和福祉。
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First Principle: The only reliable basis for sound government and just human relations is Natural Law.
Second Principle: A free people cannot survive under a republican constitution unless they remain virtuous and morally strong.
Third Principle: The most promising method of securing a virtuous and morally stable people is to elect virtuous leaders.
Fourth Principle: Without religion the government of a free people cannot be maintained.
Fifth Principle: All things were created by God, therefore upon Him all mankind are equally dependent, and to Him they are equally responsible.
Sixth Principle: All men are created equal.
Seventh Principle: The proper role of government is to protect equal rights, not provide equal things.
Eighth Principle: Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.
Ninth Principle: To protect man's rights, God has revealed certain principles of divine law.
Tenth Principle: The God-given right to govern is vested in the sovereign authority of the whole people.
Eleventh Principle: The majority of the people may alter or abolish a government which has become tyrannical.
Twelfth Principle: The United States of America shall be a republic.
Thirteenth Principle: A constitution should be structured to permanently protect the people from the human frailties of their rulers.
Fourteenth Principle: Life and liberty are secure only so long as the right to property is secure.
Fifteenth Principle: The highest level of prosperity occurs when there is a free-market economy and a minimum of government regulations.
Sixteenth Principle: The government should be separated into three branches -- legislative, executive, and judicial.
Seventeenth Principle: A system of checks and balances should be adopted to prevent the abuse of power.
Eighteenth Principle: The unalienable rights of the people are most likely to be preserved if the principles of government are set forth in a written constitution.
Nineteenth Principle: Only limited and carefully defined powers should be delegated to government, all others being retained in the people.
Twentieth Principle: Efficiency and dispatch require government to operate according to the will of the majority, but constitutional provisions must be made to protect the rights of the minority.
Twenty-First Principle: Strong local self-government is the keystone to preserving human freedom.
Twenty-Second Principle: A free people should be governed by law and not by the whims of men.
Twenty-Third Principle: A free society cannot survive as a republic without a broad program of general education.
Twenty-Fourth Principle: A free people will not survive unless they stay strong.
Twenty-Fifth Principle: "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations -- entangling alliances with none."
Twenty-Sixth Principle: The core unit which determines the strength of any society is the family; therefore, the government should foster and protect its integrity.
Twenty-Seventh Principle: The burden of debt is as destructive to freedom as subjugation by conquest.
Twenty-Eighth Principle: The United States has a manifest destiny to be an example and a blessing to the entire human race.
思韵兄总是挑出那个好点,甚慰也。