一个丹麦的研究显示：衽娠期间得流感会增加孩子得自闭症的风险

[中文提示] 妇女衽娠期间得流感或发烧超过一周，会增加出身孩子得「泛自闭症障碍」或「自闭症系列障碍」（autistic spectrum disorder）*的风险。

*「泛自闭症障碍」通常包括：
1、典型自闭症：发生于三岁前，含社会互动、沟通、想象性游戏等三种障碍，并存有定型的行为、兴趣及活动。
2、亚斯伯格症（Asperger syndrome）：社会互动障碍及拘限的兴趣和活动，无明显的语言障碍，智商约在中等或中等之上。
3、儿童崩解症（childhood disintegrative disorder）。
4、雷特症（Rett syndrome）。
5、广泛性发展障碍非特定型（pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified） 或一般所称的「非典型自闭症」（atypical autism）。(http://www.cnautism.com/book/book/200911/228.html)

Pregnant women who catch flu or have a fever that lasts over one week have a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with an ASD (autism spectrum disorder), researchers from the University of Aarhus, Denmark, reported in the journal Pediatrics.

The authors gathered and analyzed data on a population-based cohort of 96,736 children, all of them were born in Denmark from 1997 to 2003. Their mothers were asked what illnesses, especially infections and fevers, they had during their pregnancies and the early days after giving birth. They were also asked about any antibiotic use during those periods.

The following infections or conditions during pregnancy were linked a higher autism risk in the baby:

• Influenza (flu) - pregnant mothers who caught the flu had twice the risk of giving birth to a baby who eventually was diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder before the age of three years

• Fever - pregnant mothers who said they had a fever that lasted for at least one week had three times the risk of giving birth to a baby who eventually was diagnosed with an ASD before the age of 3

• Antibiotic usage - pregnant mothers who took antibiotics had a slightly higher risk of having a baby with an ASD

The authors emphasize that their findings need to be backed up with a more thoroughly controlled study, and acknowledge that their study had certain methodological limitations.

Lead researcher Hjordis Osk Atladottir, MD, PhD, says that women who catch the flu or have a fever during pregnancy should not be alarmed by these findings. Approximately 98% of those who did catch flu or had a lasting fever gave birth to children with no ASD.

丹麦研究人员在美国新一期《儿科学杂志》上报告说，孕妇患流感或发烧一周以上，可能会提高其子女患自闭症的风险。

　　在分析了1997年至2003年出生的丹麦宝宝及其母亲的数据后，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究人员发现，如果孕妇患流行性感冒，其子女在3岁前被诊断出患自闭症的风险增加一倍；如果孕妇发烧持续一周以上，其子女在3岁前被诊断出患自闭症的风险提高两倍。

　　报告还显示，孕妇在孕期患普通感冒、尿道或生殖器官感染，并不会提高子女患自闭症的风险。但如果孕妇服用过抗生素，其子女患自闭症的风险也会稍有提高。

研究人员表示，上述结果的可能解释是，病毒、病菌会刺激母体的免疫系统，这可能影响胎儿的大脑发育。不过他们也指出，这项研究不应该引起丝毫担忧，因为有98%的患流感孕妇不会生下自闭症宝宝。

　　自闭症是一种严重的精神发育障碍，症状一般在3岁以前就会表现出来，主要特征是漠视情感、拒绝交流、语言发育迟滞、行为重复刻板等。