0224 TOEFL IBT vs IVY League 2

Vocabulary Exercise 8

idea n.concept,notion,thought

ideal n.model,standard; adj.perfect,model

idle adj. inactive,unused,inert/ lazy

illusion
n.fantasy,delusion/an erroneous perception or concept

illustration n.picture,drawing,de***ion

imaginary adj.unreal,fantastic,fictitious

imaginative adj.creative,original,clever

immense adj.huge,enormous,massive,colossal

impair v.damage,injure,spoil,interfere with

impartial adj.fair,unbiased,neutral

implement v.realize,achieve,put into practice,execute
          n.tool,utensil,instrument

incessant adj.constant,ceaseless,continuous

increment n.increase,amount

incursion n.raid,attack,small-scale invasion

indifferent adj.uncaring,apathetic,unconcerned

indigenous adj.native

indispensable adj.necessary,essential,vital,critical

indistinct adj.unclear,blurry,hazy,fuzzy

induce v.persuade,convince,coax

inept adj.incompetent,awkward,clumsy

inexorable adj.unstoppable

infamous adj.notorious,shocking

infinite adj.limitless,endless,boundless

infinitesimal adj.tiny,minute,minuscule

ingenious adj.brilliant,imaginative,clever,inventive

ingenuous adj.naive,trusting,gullible

inhabit v.live,dwell,reside,populate

inhibit v.control,limit,restrain

initial adj.original,first,beginning,introductory

innate adj.natural,inborn

innocuous adj.harmless, inoffensive

intense adj.powerful,heightened,concentrated

intricate adj.complicated,complex,involved

involved adj.complicated,intricate,complex,elaborate

irate adj.angry,annoyed,upset

jagged adj.rough,rugged,uneven,irregular

jeopardy n.danger,hazard,risk,threat

jolly adj.joyful,happy,cheerful

jolt v. shock,jar,shake up,surprise
     n.blow,surprise,shock

keen adj.sharp/ shrewed,clever,bright/eager,enthusiastic

key adj.crucial,important,critical

knack n. skill,ability,aptitude,talent

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Vocabulary Exercise 9

lack v.need, require,not have
     n.shortage,absence,scarcity

lag v. fall behind,go slowly

lavish adj.luxurious,plentiful,abundant

lax adj.careless,negligent,loose

legendary adj.mythical,fabled,famous

legitimate adj.proper,authentic,valid

leisure n.free time,spare time, nonworking hours

leisurely adj.slow, relaxed

lethargic adj.slow,listless,sluggish,lazy

liable adj.(legally)responsible

likely adj.probable,plausible,credible

linger v. remain,stay

link v. join,connect,fasten,bind
     n. connection,tie

long v. desire,wish for

lucid adj.clear,plain,understandable

lucrative adj.profitable,money-making

lull v. soothe,calm,quiet
     n.pause,break

luminous adj.bright,shining,glowing

lure v.attract,tempt,entice

lurid adj.shocking,sensational,graphic

lurk v.prowl,sneak,hide

luster n.shine,radiance,brightness

luxurious adj.lavish,elegant,plush

magnificent adj.majestic,impressive,splendid

magnitude n.size,extent,amount

mandatory adj.necessary,obligatory,compulsory

manipulate v.control,influence

mar v. damage,ruin,deface,spoil

massive adj.huge,giant,colossal,immense

memorable adj.unforgettable,impressive,striking

mend v.fix,repair

mild adj.gentle,moderate,calm,temperate

mingle v.blend,combine,mix

minute adj.tiny,minuscule,infinitesimal

mist n.fog,haze

monitor v. observe,watch

moral adj.honorable,ethical

morale n.spirit,confidence,attitude

mourn v.lament,cry,show sorrow

murky adj.unclear,cloudy,foggy,dark

mushroom v.expand rapidly,grow quickly

mysterious adj.puzzling,strange

mythical adj.legendary,imaginary,fictional

Vocabulary Exercise 10

negligible adj.unimportant,trivial

nightmarish adj.frightening,terrifying,horrible

nimble adj.graceful,agile

notable adj.remarkable,conspicuous,striking

notify v.inform,tell

notion n.idea,concept,thought

notorious adj.infamous,disreputable

novel adj.new,innovative

objective adj.fair,impartial,unbiased,neutral
          n.goal,purpose,aim

oblong adj.oval

obscure adj.unfamiliar,ambiguous,little-known

obsolete adj.antiquated,out of date,outmoded

odd adj.strange,unusual,peculiar,curious

offspring n.young,children,descendants

ominous adj.threatening,menacing,dangerous

opulent adj.luxurious,plush,affluent

ornamental adj.ornate,decorative,elaborate,showy

outgoing adj.open,friendly/departing,leaving

outlook n.opinion,view/prospect,forecast

outstanding adj.excellent,exceptional,notable,well known

overall adj.general,comprehensive

overcast adj.cloudy,gloomy

overcome v.subdue,defeat,overwhelm

overlook v.ignore,disregard,neglect

oversee v.supervise,manage,direct

oversight n.error,mistake,omission

overt adj.open,obvious,conspicuous

overtake v.catch up with,reach

overwhelm v.astonish,astound,shock/
            conquer,defeat,overcome,overpower

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Vocabulary Exercise 11

pace n.rate,speed

painstaking adj.careful,conscientious,thorough

pale adj.white,colorless,faded

paltry adj.unimportant,minor,trivial

paramount adj.chief,top,vital,supreme

particle n.piece,bit,fragment

path n.trail,track,way,route

peculiar adj.strange,odd,puzzling/
         distinctive,characteristic,unique,special

penetrate v.enter,go through,go into,pierce, puncture

perceive v.observe,sense,notice

peril n.danger,hazard,risk,threat

perilous adj.dangerous,risky,ominous,hazardous

perpetual adj.constant,endless,eternal

perplexing adj.puzzling,mystifying,confusing

pierce v.penetrate,puncture,stab,go into

pivotal adj.important,key,crucial

plague n.epidemic
       v.trouble,bother,harass,vex

plausible adj. likely,credible,believable

plead v.appeal,beg

plush adj.luxurious,opulent,rich,elegant

ponder v.consider,think about,reflect on

portion n.share,part,section,segment

postpone v.delay,put off,defer

potent adj.strong,powerful,effective

pounce v.jump,leap,spring

precious adj.expensive,costly,rare,desirable

precise adj.accurate,exact,definite

premier adj.first,opening,earliest,initial/
        chief,leading,foremost

prescribed adj.arranged,set,agreed on

pressing adj.urgent,crucial,compelling

pretext n.excuse,pretense,justification

prevail v.succeed,win,triumph

prevalent adj.common,widespread,popular

prior adj.earlier,preceding,former

probe v.investigate,inquire into

procure v.obtain,acquire,secure

profound adj.important,significant,deep

profuse adj.plentiful,abundant,copious

prompt adj.punctual,timely

prosper v.flourish,thrive,succeed

provoke v.irritate,anger,annoy/ cause,trigger

prudent adj.careful,sensible,cautious

pulverize v.crush,grind,powder

pungent adj.bitter,harsh,biting,sharp

pursue v. chase,follow,seek

puzzling adj.mystifying,confusing,baffling

Vocabulary Exercise 12

quaint
adj.charming in an old fashioned way,picturesque,curious

quake v.shiver,shake,tremble

quandary n.problem,dilemma,predicament

quarrel n.argument,dispute,disagreement

quest n.search,journey,venture

radiant adj.bright,shiny,glowing

ragged adj.torn,tattered,worn

range v.extend,vary,fluctuate/roam,wander
      n.scope,extent,spectrum

rash adj.thoughtless,careless,reckless

raw adj.uncooked/unprocessed,unrefined,crude/sore,tender

raze v.demolish,level,knock down

real estate n.property such as buildings and land

rebuke v.scold,reprimand

recede v.retreat,go back,subside,withdraw

reckless adj.careless,rash

recollect v.recall,remember

recount v. narrate,tell

refine v.improve,process,purify

refuge n. shelter,haven,retreat

refuse v.reject,turn down,tell someone"no",
       n.waste,garbage,trash

rehearse v.practice,train,go over

reliable adj.dependable,trustworthy

relish v.enjoy,savor,like

remarkable adj.incredible,amazing,extraordinary,noteworthy

remedy n.treatment,cure

remnant n.remainder,balance,fragment

remote adj.isolated,distant

renowned adj.famous,celebrated,notable

resent v.dislike,take offense at

retract v. withdraw,pull back

riddle n.puzzle,mystery

rigid adj.stiff,unbending/harsh,severe,strict

rip v.tear,cut,slash

ripe adj.mature,developed

risky adj.dangerous,hazardous,treacherous

roam v.travel,wander,range

rough adj. uneven,jagged,rugged/difficult/impolite

route n.way,course,path,road

routine n.custom,habit,daily schedule
        adj.ordinary,typical,regular,normal

rudimentary adj.elementary,fundamental,primitive

rugged adj. jagged,rough,uneven/strong,sturdy

rumor n.gossip,story

rural adj.agricultural

ruthless adj.cruel,brutal,vicious

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Vocabulary Exercise 13

salvage v.save,rescue,recover,retrieve

savage adj.fierce,wild,aggressive,ferocious,belligerent

scale v.climb n.range,spectrum/proportion

scarce adj.rare,sparse

scatter v.disperse,spread

scent n.aroma,fragrance,odor,smell

scorn n.mockery,derision,contempt,ridicule

scrap v.abandon,get rid of; n.piece,fragment

seasoned adj.experienced,veteran

secluded adj.hidden,isolated, secret

secrete v.produce(a liquid),squirt

sensational adj.thrilling,exciting,shocking

serene adj.quiet,peaceful,calm,tranquil

sever v.cut,slice off

severe adj. harsh,strict,austere/undecorated,plain

shatter v. break,smash,fragment

sheer adj. steep,sharp,abrupt/transparent,thin,filmy

shimmer v.shine,glow,glisten,gleam

shred v.rip up,tear up

shrewd adj. clever,sly

shrill adj.piercing,high-pitched

shun v.avoid,stay away from

shy adj.timid,reserved,easily frightened

significant adj.important,vital,major

signify v.symbolize,stand for,indicate,represent

simulate v.imitate,reproduce

sketch v.draw,n.drawing,picture,diagram

slender adj.thin,slim,slight/unlikely

slim adj. slender,thin,slight,trim/unlikely

slice n.thin piece;v.cut carve,divide

sluggish adj.slow,listless,lazy,lethargic

sly adj.cunning,clever,shrewd

soak v.wet,drench,saturate

solace n.comfort,consolation,relief

solitary adj.alone,single,solo,isolated

somber adj.serious,grave,solemn

sort v. classify,categorize; n.type,kind,variety

sound adj.safe,solid,secure; n.noise