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Specific Phobia (formerly Simple Phobia)特定恐惧症(曾经称为简单恐惧症)
A. Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).
显著而持续地害怕,这种害怕超乎寻常或者不合理,这种害怕是由一种特定的物体或场合引发(比如:飞行,在高处,某些动物,打针,看见血).
B. Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed Panic Attack. Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.
一旦暴露在引起特定恐惧的刺激下几乎不可避免地立刻引起焦虑反应,出现场景性或倾向于场景性恐慌发作. (注意:对儿童来说,焦虑可表现为哭闹,突然发怒,惊呆,紧贴大人).
C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: In children, this feature may be absent.
患者明白自己的害怕是超乎寻常的或不合理的.(注意:对孩子来说,这点不存在).
D. The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress.
患者会回避这些引起恐惧的场合,如不能避免会不得不忍受很强的焦虑或痛苦.
E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
这些回避,对焦虑的预期,或者所忍受的害怕显著地干扰了患者正常的生活,工作,社交,交友,也显著地为有特定恐惧症而痛苦.
F. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months.
对小于18岁的人来说,持续时间至少6个月.
G. The anxiety, Panic Attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), Social Phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, or Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder.
与某种特定物体或场景相关的焦虑,恐慌发作,恐惧回避等行为不能诊断为其它的精神障碍,比如强迫症(如:害怕脏因为怕污染),应激后综合症(如:回避导致过重大伤害的刺激),分离焦虑(如:不愿上学),社交恐惧症(如:回避社交场合,怕受羞辱),恐慌症合并广场恐惧症,或者广场恐惧症没有恐慌症历史.
A. Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).
显著而持续地害怕,这种害怕超乎寻常或者不合理,这种害怕是由一种特定的物体或场合引发(比如:飞行,在高处,某些动物,打针,看见血).
B. Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed Panic Attack. Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.
一旦暴露在引起特定恐惧的刺激下几乎不可避免地立刻引起焦虑反应,出现场景性或倾向于场景性恐慌发作. (注意:对儿童来说,焦虑可表现为哭闹,突然发怒,惊呆,紧贴大人).
C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: In children, this feature may be absent.
患者明白自己的害怕是超乎寻常的或不合理的.(注意:对孩子来说,这点不存在).
D. The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress.
患者会回避这些引起恐惧的场合,如不能避免会不得不忍受很强的焦虑或痛苦.
E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
这些回避,对焦虑的预期,或者所忍受的害怕显著地干扰了患者正常的生活,工作,社交,交友,也显著地为有特定恐惧症而痛苦.
F. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months.
对小于18岁的人来说,持续时间至少6个月.
G. The anxiety, Panic Attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), Social Phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, or Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder.
与某种特定物体或场景相关的焦虑,恐慌发作,恐惧回避等行为不能诊断为其它的精神障碍,比如强迫症(如:害怕脏因为怕污染),应激后综合症(如:回避导致过重大伤害的刺激),分离焦虑(如:不愿上学),社交恐惧症(如:回避社交场合,怕受羞辱),恐慌症合并广场恐惧症,或者广场恐惧症没有恐慌症历史.
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