Amphetamine Intoxication and Withdrawal安非他明的中毒和戒断

Amphetamine Intoxication安非他明的中毒

A. Recent use of amphetamine or a related substance (e.g., methylphenidate)
近期使用了安非他明或类似毒品(如:利他灵)

B. Clinically significant maladaptive behavioural or psychological changes (e.g., euphoria or affective blunting; changes in sociability; hyper vigilance; interpersonal sensitivity; anxiety, tension, or anger; stereotyped behaviors; impaired judgment; or impaired social or occupational functioning) that developed during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance.
临床表现为显著的行为和精神失常(比如:过度兴奋或者是情感的过度迟钝,愤怒;机械的行为;社交行为出现变化;过度警觉;判断能力失常;人际交往变得敏感;焦虑;紧张;社交或工作能力失常),这些现象发生发展在使用安非他明及其类似毒品其间或使用后的短时间内.

C. Two (or more) of the following, developing during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance:
以下两项或多项发生在使用安非他明及其类似毒品时,或使用后的短期内

(1) tachycardia or bradycardia心动过速或过缓

(2) papillary dilation乳突状结构的散开

(3) elevated or lowered blood pressure血压升高或降低

(4) perspiration or chills冷汗

(5) nausea or vomiting恶习,呕吐

(6) evidence of weight loss体重明显减轻

(7) psychomotor agitation or retardation精神运动的不安或迟钝

(8) muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias
肌肉无力,呼吸抑制,胸痛,心律失常

(9) confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma
思维混乱,癫痫发作,肌肉运动和张力失调,昏迷

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症状不是由其他全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的诊断


Amphetamine withdrawal安非他明的戒断

A. Cessation of (or reduction in) amphetamine (or related substance) use that has been heavy and prolonged.
长期大量地使用安非他明或类似毒品后停止使用或减量
B. Dysphoric mood and two (or more) of the following physiological changes, developing within a few hours to several days after Criterion A：
情绪烦躁不安并伴有以下两项或多项身体上的改变,它们出现在诊断A指出的停止使用或减量的数小时或数天内

(1) fatigue疲劳

(2) vivid, unpleasant dreams生动地恶梦

(3) insomnia or hypersomnia失眠或者噬睡

(4) increased appetite食欲大增

(5) psychomotor retardation or agitation精神运动的迟钝或不安

C. The symptoms in Criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
以上症状导致显著的身体不正常,引起社交,工作或其他功能的失常

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症状不是由其他全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的诊断.