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宋氏快译(2): 测谎秘诀(英汉对照)

(2007-11-05 20:57:25) 下一个
宋氏快译(2): 测谎秘诀(英汉对照)

Are They Lying to You?
他们在向你说谎吗?

肯。奥斯本 ( Ken Osborn)著

宋德利 译



How many times has your business suffered because you trusted the wrong person? If you're like most people, you've been lied to thousands of times.

你的事有多少次是坏在信错人?如果你和大多数人一样,那你就已经被骗千千万万次。


Deception hurts in many ways. There's the emotional stress from being betrayed, the loss of self-confidence and the increased suspicion or even paranoia. Not to mention the financial cost.

直译:
欺骗以多种方式进行伤害。有受蒙骗引起的情绪紧张、丧失自信、增加怀疑、甚至成为偏执狂。更不用提财务损失了。

在这段里,除了paranoia(偏执狂,妄想狂)之外,没有太生僻的词,也没有太复杂的句式。但它却是一个貌似简单,实际并不省事的句式:There’s,也就是There is.说起来,这是英语中最基本的句式,恐怕它也是初学者最先接触到的句式之一。意思也很简单,不外乎“那里有”之类。但是真正翻译的时候,恐怕还不能直接翻译成“那里有”,只是译者心知肚明而已,真正写成句子,却不能直接地翻译出来。其实,它只是个引导词组,或类似中文里的发语词。比如在这段里,要把它准确地翻译出来,还真要费点脑筋。以我的看法,根据上文的意思和句式,不妨翻译成“常见的有”,或者“比如”,说得文气一点,用“诸如”。

意译(1):
欺骗(行为)以多种方式(对人们)造成伤害。常见的有受蒙骗引起的情绪紧张、丧失自信、满腹怀疑、甚至成为偏执狂。更不用提财务损失了。

意译(2):
欺骗以多种方式害人,诸如:受蒙骗而引发的情绪激动、满腹狐疑、乃至由此而变成偏执狂。更遑论财务损失了。


A deceptive supplier may promise that a shipment will arrive by your deadline, all the while knowing that delivery by the promised date is impossible. Trusting this supplier could cost your company thousands of dollars or more. Deceptions like this can be deadly to a growing business.

一名骗人的供应商也许会许诺说,一批货物将按期限抵达,可他一直都知道按照承诺的日期底线交货是不可能的。信任这个供应商可能给你的公司带来成千上万美元或更多的损失。这种欺骗对于一家正在发展中的商行来说可能是致命的。

注释:
在商务英语中,shipment既可以作“装船、装运”解,也可作“一批货物”解。此处做“货物”解。而business,在商务英语中常作“生意、业务”等解。但也作“商店、商行”解,此处应作“商行”解。

But you don't have to be a victim. Here are seven subtle cues that often mean a person isn't being completely honest with you.

然而你并非就得是一名受害者。这里有七个微妙的线索,经常意味着一个人对你并不是完全诚信可靠的。


1. Nose touch: We have erectile tissues in our noses, which engorge with blood when we lie. This causes a tingling or itching sensation that requires a nose touch to satisfy. The absence of a nose touch doesn't guarantee truth, but the presence of a nose touch often means deception. Of course, sometimes a person will touch his or her nose because of a non-deceptive cause, such as a cold. With some practice, you can quickly learn to distinguish a deceptive nose touch from something innocent.

1.摸鼻:
我们鼻子里有勃起组织,说谎就充血,从而会造成刺痛或瘙痒感,因此需要以摸鼻来解除。没有摸鼻动作不能保证就是真实,但是有摸鼻动作却经常意味着欺骗。当然,有时候一个人因为某种非欺骗性原因,比如寒冷,也会去触摸自己的鼻子。通过一些实践,你就能很快学会把欺骗性鼻子触摸与一些正常的动作区分开来。

注释:

We have erectile tissues in our noses, which engorge with blood when we lie. This causes a tingling or itching sensation that requires a nose touch to satisfy.

意译:
我们鼻子里有勃起组织,说谎就充血,从而产生受刺激或发痒的感觉,进而需要摸鼻动作来解除。

直译:
我们鼻子里有勃起组织,我们说谎时就充血。这就会产生一种受刺激或发痒的感觉,从而需要一种摸鼻动作来满足。

我对直译出的这句话经过反复加工。1。用“说谎就充血”代替“我们说谎的时候”,岂不更加凝练。何必说“我们”和“的时候”,不说“我们”难道还会误以为别人吗?第二句,那么多"a",又翻译出那么多“一种”,有何必要,不如一扫而光,岂不痛快?因此可以简化成:就会产生受刺激或发痒的感觉。可是初学翻译的人,包括我在内,总是舍不得,或不敢大刀阔斧地砍掉这些累赘的小词,因为在汉语里纯属画蛇添足。2。什么叫“来满足(satisfy)”,不就是“解除”痒的感觉吗?3。这是三个用句号断开的短句。翻译成汉语要打破原来的句式结构,重新组合才更通畅。我用“从而”和“进而”把包括三层意思的两个句子简化成一个句子。

再说说最后一个词组:something innocent.直译是“无辜的东西”。结合上文,不就是说人的动作吗?所以something翻译成“东西”,不如翻译成“动作”更合理,更清楚。至于innocent,什么叫“无辜的”,无非就是“不意味着欺骗的”意思。说得灵活一些,不就是“正常”的意思吗?因此翻译成“正常动作”,似乎更明白些。


2. Speech disturbances: When we lie, we force our brain to pretend that the lie is true, that the truth is a lie and simultaneously remember that the real truth is that each is the other. Are you confused? So is your brain when you lie. The process of deception taxes our cognitive ability to think efficiently. So when we lie, we pause longer and speak slower than normal and often experience speech disturbances that serve as gap fillers, such as "um," "er" and "ah." Train yourself to look for deception when you hear this kind of verbal cue.

2.话语干扰:
我们说谎的时候,就要迫使大脑佯装承认,谎话是真,真话是谎,同时还要记住所谓的真理就是彼此彼此。你是不是被弄糊涂了?你说谎的时候,大脑就是这个样。行骗的过程需要付出代价,那就是丧失你有效思考的认知力。因此,我们说谎的时候,与平时相比,词句之间的停顿要更长,语速也会更慢,而且时常要以话语干扰词来弥补词语之间空隙,诸如“嗯”、“呃”、“啊”。当你听到这种话语暗示线索的时候,就要训练自己洞察行骗的迹象。

3. Incongruent behavior: When our words and our body language don't agree, our communication is incongruent. Imagine that you ask a salesman if he can assure your delivery will be on time. If he explains how certain he is about it being on time while also shaking his head--as if non-verbally saying "no"--he is incongruent. When this sort of incongruence occurs, you would do well to believe the person's body over his words.

3.不协调行为:
我们的词语和肢体语言不一致,彼此沟通就会不协调。试想,你问一个售货人,他是否能够保证你要的那批货按时到位。如果他在按期交货方面表示如何如何肯定的同时,也在摇头 - 似乎是在无言地说“不”- 他这就是不协调。出现这种不协调的时候,你就完全可以认为这个人的肢体语言在否定口头语言。


注释:

1.delivery: 交货。交货本是售货者的事情,怎么本文中会出现“that you ask a salesman if he can assure your delivery”即,作为买主,你向售货者问你自己的交货呢?作为买主是根本不存在交货这件事的。我体会,本文your delivery指的是买主要求卖主向你交的货物。这么一个简单的贸易环节,让作者一个表示第一人称的物主代词your搞得彼此不分了。

2.believe the person's body over his words,这段话中有两点值得一提。 首先,believe最基本的意思是“相信”,但是不能任何时候都翻译成这个意思,比如在此文的这种情况下,本来就是“认为”的意思,可是很多人一定要翻译成“相信”。你如果根据汉语的语气和一般人说话时选用的习惯用语,似乎“认为”更确切。其次,over,本来是“超过”、“压过”等意思。但是灵活一点,不就是“否定”的意思吗?当然,如果独立来看“over”,当然没有丝毫“否认”的意思,因此这个“否认”的意思,完全是根据上下文,灵活地翻译出来的。这就叫“意译”,而不是“直译”,或“硬译”。

4. Neck rub: We rub our necks because of the stress we experience when we feel that an obstacle may be insurmountable. Let's say you're interviewing a potential employee for a key leadership position and the prospective employee verbally emphasizes his interest in the job. However he also begins to rub his neck when you explain the expected duties. This probably means he doesn't feel he'll be able to accomplish the duties. He might be wrong, but if we know anything about human psychology, it's that if someone believes that they can or can't do something, they're probably right.

4.揉脖:
我们在感觉遇到一种可能难以逾越的障碍时,就要紧张,因而就去揉脖子。比如说你正在为一个重要的领导职位和一个预期中的雇员举行面谈,这位未来的雇员口头上强调他对这份工作的兴趣。但是当你解释将来的责任时,他却开始揉脖子。这可能就意味着他并不觉得自己能够履行这些责任。他(对自己能力的认识)也许是错误的,但是如果我们了解一些人类心理学,那就会认识到,既然某个人自认为能,或者不能做某事,他们(的自我判断)也可能就是对的。

注释:
1.We rub our necks because of the stress we experience when we feel that an obstacle may be insurmountable.句子不太长,但却相当麻烦。

直译:我们会因为我们在感觉到一种可能无法逾越的障碍时所经历的紧张而去揉脖子。

一头一尾相接,删除中间的大肚子,不就是“我们去揉脖子”吗?至于为什么要揉,什么时候去揉,不妨把大肚子里的东西抖出来,按照前因后果的顺序,有条不紊地慢慢说来。结果翻译成:“我们在感觉遇到一种可能难以逾越的障碍时,就要紧张,因而就去揉脖子。”

2.if someone believes that they can or can't do something, they're probably right.

本来if的意思是“如果”,因此可以翻译成“如果某个人自认为能,或者不能做某事,他们(的自我判断)也可能就是对的。”这种翻译看来似乎无可指摘,但如果从上下文的语气看,读起来似乎不如“既然某个人自认为能,或者不能做某事,他们(的自我判断)也可能就是对的。”这也是根据“意译”的需要,把词义和句式都加以改造的例子。


5. Eye rub: An eye rub is an indicator of disbelief. Let's say you have an important computer keystroke sequence to teach a new employee. The employee begins to rub her eyes even while verbally affirming your statements. This probably means that she doesn't believe you or disagrees with your instruction. It would be wise to stop and ask a question to allow the employee to verbally object. Many subordinates feel uneasy about disagreeing with the boss, but their bodies don't hesitate. Perceiving a potential problem and dealing with it early can be the difference between a simple misunderstanding and a business disaster.

5.揉眼:
一个揉眼的动作就是一种不相信的指示器。让我们打个比方说,你有一个重要的电脑基础程序要教给一位新雇员。这位雇员就在口头上对你的话表示赞同时,却开始揉眼。这可能就意味着他并不相信你,或者不同意你的说教。这时明智的做法就是停下来,提出一个问题,以此来允许这位雇员用语言表达异议。很多下属都因为与老板意见相左而感到忐忑不安,但是他们的肢体语言却表现得犹豫不决。及早察觉一个潜在的问题,并设法解决,这样做的结果最差也只会产生一种简单的误解,这与在生意上遭受灾难性损失相比,其间的差异是不言而喻的。

注释:
Perceiving a potential problem and dealing with it early can be the difference between a simple misunderstanding and a business disaster.
这句话实在是麻烦至极。

直译:
及早察觉到一个潜在的问题,并设法去解决,可能就是在一个简单的误会和一次生意的灾难之间存在的那种区别。

说了半天,无非就是说,是否及早察觉到一个问题并设法去解决,这会产生不同结果的。而这不同的结果,就是两种,第一种,最多产生一些简单的误会;第二种,就是在生意上遭受灾难性损失。



6. Upward inflections: We upwardly inflect our words when asking a question. You may have noticed that some salespeople will upwardly inflect certain statements of fact. This is a red flag that should alert you to potential deception. The salesman might say, "Your competitors have seen their profit margins increase by 30 percent by using our product." If you notice that he upwardly inflected the words, "30 percent," you should disregard this statistic and be suspicious of him altogether.

6.提升语调:
我们提问题的时候要提升语调。你可能会注意到,一些推销员在陈述某种情况的时候会提升语调。这是一面红旗,它应该提醒你警惕潜在的欺骗。推销员可能会说:“你的竞争者已经看到,通过采用我们的产品,他们的利润增长幅度是30%。”如果你注意到他说30%的时候是在提升语调,那你就应该对这个统计数字置之不理,完全可以对它产生怀疑。


7. Stabbed hollows: In the study of graphology--or handwriting analysis--hollow letters represent honesty. Anything that disrupts a hollow letter could indicate deception. Let's pretend you enter your office to find a note from your top salesman on your desk. His note indicates that he had to go out of town to visit his sick mother and won't be able to go to the annual trade show. You notice that every "o" in his note has some sort of mark interjected into the hollow space of each letter. You would be right to be suspicious of the facts in the note and a phone call or meeting would likely expose some sort of deception.

7。受创空洞:
在研究字迹学 – 或者书法分析 – 的时候,就会发现空洞型的字母代表着诚信。任何损伤空洞型字母的东西,都能表明欺骗。让我们假设你进入自己的办公室,在你的办公桌上发现一张出自你首席推销员之手的便条。他的便条显示他不得不到城外去看望自己生病的母亲,无法赶回来参加年度贸易大展。你注意到他在便条中每一个"o"字母所流露的情感,在通篇每个字母之间的空档中也都有迹可寻。你如果怀疑在这张便条里所提到的事情,那你就是对的,而在一通电话,或者一次会面中,任何欺骗都可能会露出马脚。

注释:
Stabbed hollows,受创空洞。stab,刺伤;情感受创。通读全段,我理解这个词的含义是指感情受创后的伤感在空洞型字母中有所流露。这条读起来有点玄乎,兜了半天圈子似乎不知所云。通读全段,基本意思无非就是说,一个人在骗人的时候,连写出的字都不同寻常,换言之,就是能从说谎者的字里行间嗅探出骗人的蛛丝马迹。


With some practice, these new awareness tools will give you greater confidence in your perceptive ability and new peace of mind when deciding to trust others.

经过一些练习,这些新的认识工具将会在洞察力方面给予你很大的信心,在你决定是否信任他人的时候,使你操持平和的心态。


Ken Osborn is the founder and executive director of The CIA Institute in Corona, California. He has taught hundreds of deception awareness seminars and workshops including the popular Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire!!! Workshop and is the author of A Pack of Lies, a flash card system designed to teach someone to instantly recognize 50 common deceptive cues. He may be reached at getcia@aol.com.

肯。奥斯本是加州科罗纳中情局研究所创始人和执行主任。他曾向数百个识别骗术的研讨会及研习班传授经验,其中包括广受欢迎的那个名曰“骗子,骗子,裤子着火了! ! !”的研习班。他也是《谎话一箩筐》(A Pack of Lies)一书的作者,此书堪称闪光信号卡系统(flash card system),设计的目的就是教人们不断地去识别50种常见的行骗暗示性线索。通过getcia@aol.com .可以查到他的相关资料。

题外话:

本文中有些词句的确切含义还摸得不太准,如第7个stabbed hollows等,但这篇文章挺有意思,即便这最后一条不十分清楚,其它各条还很有可读性和趣味性,所以翻译发表在此,希望行家批评指正。谢谢。(译者)
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