两种不同的道德标准：“天性的”和“人为的”

人类存在着一些天生的道德标准，所谓“良心”就是其一。这意味着即使没有后天的道德教训，我们仍然能够理解一些基本的善恶品行，如“爱”，“理解”，“伤害”，“己所勿欲，勿施于人”，等等。所以即使没有道德教义的指点，我们凭自己的直觉本性，仍然能认识最基本的“邪恶”的存在与区别，因为我们明白伤害自己的也会伤害他人。
这就是我的早先提到过的“人的生性是‘善恶皆备’”。根据这种天生的性质所得出的善恶标准，是人性的真实，是我们坚决不能改变的或者让步的人生准则。

除这个天生的道德准则以外，人类还有一种道德标准，即“人为”的，通常借“上帝”或“圣人”的名，教导我们什么是好的，什么是坏的。如教导我们如何对待异教徒，通奸，同性恋，堕胎，离婚等。这些标准的确立一般是随着历史的进化而改变。一个时期的”恶“，可以成为另一个时期的”善“。这些标准，为历史的进步作了很多贡献，同时也作了许多破坏。所以这些教条或者标准常常都是学者们或其爱思考的人所争议的话题。它们并不能成为我们内心坚守不变的原则。
这类道德标准，是属于我前面提到的“道德教条”。它们并不代表真理。
 
My original writing was in English:

I think we human beings all have some moral standards by NATURE called "conscience". This means even without the teachings of Jesus Christ or Confucian or whatever, we should still be able to comprehend things such as "love", "understanding", "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you", etc.. We also without teachings should be able to recognize "evil spirit", because we understand what hurt ourselves must also hurt others.
This is what I meant earlier "human beings are born both Good and Evil". They come to us as part of our Nature. And the morality created by such nature like "do unto others as you would have them do unto you", is something representing truth and we should never give them up.

However, there is another kind of moral standard made by MAN, usually under the name of "God", or "Saint", teaching us what is Good and what is Bad, such as pagan, adultery, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, etc.. These teachings were/are usually set up for certain purposes, and they all changing through history (I mean a history in a large picture, not history within hundreds or couple of thousands years). They may have done lots of "Good" but also lots of "Bad" at the same time, so they remain controversial to scholars or whoever asking questions.
These types of moral standards, are belong to what I said earlier as "Doctrine" (or someone help me to find a better English word please). They do NOT necessarily represent TRUTH.

[云易]

回复firm的评论:
谢谢评论。
我的前提是：人类的认识能力是有限的。所以主管臆断一个上帝的存在和简单地否定其存在都是虚妄。唯一的正确的态度是，尊重我们的理性：认识到多少就是多少。“希望”，“幻想”，“灵感”，都最好暂时留给艺术创作。

[firm]

真理是不会随着历史改变的。改变的是认为人类组织和机构对真理的‘人为’的解释。宗教的教义，人的本性和恶习，几千年没变。变的是宗教团体对教义的曲解。

[firm]

似乎有点想当然了。
上帝的和‘人为’的，是一回事吗？你的前提就是这世界不存在上帝，没有superbeing，没有灵魂也没有科学无法解释的现象。人眼无法观察和人脑无法解释的东西，是不存在的。
可是，你的论断有什么根据可以解释吗？愿闻其详。