The Doppler equation can be used in duplex imaging to convert frequencies into velocities. This is because the angle between the Doppler beam and the blood vessel can be estimated. Analysis of the components of the Doppler waveform shows that many velocities are displayed in the spectrum and these velocities vary with time, due to the cardiac cycle.
The value most commonly used for the measurement of velocity is peak systolic flow. This is the maximum velocity in the spectrum at peak systole. Maximum velocity can also be measured at end diastole. These velocity measurements represent the fastest moving blood flow in the center of the vessel and do not include the slower moving flow near the vessel wall.
