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ZT 走入非洲 (图)

(2011-02-20 13:57:04) 下一个



·冷 热·

(To Mr. 冷 热: please forgive me to link your excellent article without your permission as I could not trace your contact info. Thanks again for sharing it on CND. )                    一

  儿子打电话来说他想到非洲去,给克林顿基金会做志愿者工作。妻子一听就急了:“你在单位里混不下去了?”

  不是的。儿子研究生毕业进入省政府卫生厅,三年混下来,混成一个团队头头,工资和待遇都很不错,可是为什么突然间辞去公务员职务到非洲去呢?儿子说,一个偶然机会,他跟母校一位教授一块吃饭。那位教授从事的专业跟他近似,几年前带了一批学生去非洲几个国家进行某项研究,正好碰上苏丹内战。越过边界的苏丹难民遭遇某国政府军围追堵截,军队朝难民群里开枪,甚至将汽车轮胎架在难民脖子上浇泼汽油燃烧。这位教授和他的学生混在难民堆里一块行走,政府军难以下手,走了几天几夜,走进联合国一所难民营里。教授说去了一趟非洲,他一辈子的生活态度都被改变了。

  听了这个故事,我猛地一惊,沉吟着说:好,很好,一个很好的小说写作题材。

  我跟妻子解释:我们一直生活在丛林里,弱肉强食,非洲和第三世界贫穷国家尤其如此。美国前总统克林顿以个人名义创立这个基金会,奉行人道主义,试图从经济和其他方面改善贫穷国家人民的生活状态。孩子选择自己的成长道路,按理说,我们没有反对的理由。我又告诉妻子,在某一个年龄段,男人的脑袋会塞进去一堆乱七八糟的东西,我就幻想过追随杰克·伦敦去阿拉斯加淘金,又想去撒哈拉大沙漠里寻找三毛跟荷西,想七想八,最后一事无成,跟你成了亲。

  妻子说,这小子从小心事就重,做事一根筋,决定下来的事情八匹马也拉不回头。我说,谁叫他是我的儿子,谁叫咱们把他带到加拿大来呢?留在中国这小子可能发家发成大款,到加拿大来可能浪迹天涯,也可能成了白大夫,这里出大夫可是出了名的。顺其自然吧,生活里不总是一帆风顺,碰几个钉子,消磨消磨锐气,懂得些艰辛,说不定还是件好事,大不了浪费几年时间,就当下一回赌场。穿一身名牌出去,钱输光了,光着屁股回来。

  这样的可能不是没有。我们一个朋友爱上赌场,经常输得精光,养个儿子离奇古怪,大学读到三年级不肯读了,转去念神学。神学院出来,去亚洲非洲传教,后来又到阿拉斯加,世界上转悠一圈,七八年后又转回本城,重新进大学拾起原来的专业念完。

                   二

  几个星期后儿子回了一趟家,捎回来一些生活用品。吃饭的时候告诉我们,克林顿基金会接受了他的申请,希望他接手一项乌干达疟疾治疗方面的工作,眼下急需起草一份报告,对付即将到来的世界卫生组织检查小组。这项报告有关乌干达治疗疟疾现状,特别针对该国市场上现有药物价格较高、治疗副作用较强,欧洲和中国制药企业愿意提供一批新研究出来的药物,效果较好,只收取原价格的百分之五。

  秦--秦--秦什么岛?说到这里,他停顿一下。他的中文不好,缺乏四声,说得很慢,眨着眼睛,表达上碰到困难。

  秦皇岛,小时候我带你到那里去玩过。我告诉他。那里有一个很大的制药企业。

  对,秦皇岛。由克林顿基金会牵头的这笔购买新药等费用接近三千万美金,由世界卫生组织提供,但经费下拨之前必须看到乌干达方面提供出来的可行性报告,如何将老药赶出市场,为新药进入准备条件。

  这是乌干达和非洲国家的弱项,准备不好这个报告就拿不到这笔援助。基金会看中了他过去三年在省政府工作的经历,写过一些类似报告,帮助制定卫生政策,协调医院学校跟政府的关系,要求他尽快赶往乌干达,接手这项进展并不顺利的报告起草工作。妻子听着,紧绷着的神情慢慢放松了下来。

  “妈妈,三千万美金,对加拿大不算什么,对乌干达就是很多了。”

  儿子说他已经接种了七八种抗击非洲常见流行疾病的疫苗。吃饭前他去上了一会网,原以为跟他的狐朋狗友接头,不想坐回到饭桌上来告诉我们,他上网看了一些关于乌干达社会风情的介绍。这是一个非常纯朴的高原内陆国家,终年气候温和,雨量充沛,植物繁茂,四季如春,曾被丘吉尔喻为“非洲明珠”,当地居民说英语,分别信奉天主教基督教和伊斯兰教。信奉伊斯兰教的居民容不得一点偷窃或犯罪行为,一经发现,有时会围起来以乱石将罪犯当场砸死。

  知道这些情况太重要了,他说。除非护照被偷,损失些钱财之类也就算了,丢一些东西事小,打死一条人命太不值得了。

  家里住两天,他把自己关在房间里,集中精力阅读基金会和乌干达方面传来的文字材料,一边看一边做笔记,然后又摇头。时间紧迫,世卫组织工作小组三星期后由日内瓦飞往乌干达,可是提供出来的报告很不像样。从房间里出来时,他说,必须尽快赶往非洲,帮助乌干达政府把这笔援助拿到手里。

                    三

  不过最后还是听从了他妈妈的劝告,跟单位说明去向,请一年的长假。卫生厅刚给他加了薪水,不仅准了他的假,而且希望一年之后他能继续回到这里来上班。他把读研究生的一个同学介绍到卫生厅顶在他原来的位置上,那家伙原来在一个小私人公司里工作,工资一下子长了两万,高兴坏了。

  上飞机那天,我和妻子开了五个小时的长途去他所住的城市,帮他料理一些事物,然后送他到机场。路上他招呼我把车停下,停在一个破破烂烂的礼品商店门口,说进去给没见面的主人准备点礼品。我以为他要购买什么贵重东西,不料他在里面转了一圈,嘻嘻哈哈拿出来几十个交叉着加拿大和乌干达小型国旗的徽章,说这个就送给乌干达卫生部长,见到他们的总统也是它了。这小子,想得倒仔细,彻彻底底加拿大化了!

  开到机场,他找来手推车一辆,把行李一样一样从车后面提出来,放进手推车里。分手的时候到了,他走过来,照例和他的妈妈拥抱告别,然后走到我的面前,要求跟我拥抱。我有十年左右没有拥抱过儿子了,每次他跟妈妈告别,我都撇过头去不看,没有进行这项活动的思想准备。我僵硬地伸展开手脚拥抱了他,感觉到他薄而瘦的肩胛和结实的后背。从事铁人三项运动的儿子,一米八十块头,身材匀称腰板挺直,走路稍微带点弹性,步子迈得很大,一脚一脚踩下去很有力量。

  走吧走吧,我发现自己的鼻子有点酸了,连忙拍拍他的肩膀,掩饰着说你走吧赶快走吧,前面还要通过安全检查,慢一点就耽搁了,路上自己多加保重。

  儿子说,你们不要替我担心,开车回去,一路上车也不要开得太快。

  我和妻子并没有立刻离开,坐在汽车里等了一会,一直等到荷兰航空公司那架空中客车斜拉着冲上天空。儿子坐在那架飞机上,克林顿基金会给他定了头等仓座位,先是飞往阿姆斯特丹,三小时后转往坎帕拉,共计飞行十五个多小时。

  往家开的路上,突然想起很多很多年前听过一首加拿大歌曲,描写一个走在路上急于回家的旅人,因暴风雪被困在机场大厅。那是一首典型的加拿大歌曲,孤寂、忧伤、舒缓,让人想见辽阔空旷的大地和寒冷的气候。听那首歌的时候我们还在中国,儿子刚生下来,呀呀学语,一身奶气,招摇着两只小手,还没有学会走路。

  可是这一会儿,他飞在了天空,我们走在地上,一家三口全在匆匆忙忙地赶路。

                  四

  我也开始关心起非洲关心起乌干达来了。

  网上的文章真是五花八门。有一篇文章列举世界上十个最应该去的地方,乌干达首都坎帕拉因山地大猩猩而排在首位。文章说:“在非洲,最终极的体验莫过于在人类鲜少踏足的地方,和那些野生动物们进行面对面的接触。在这片茂密的非洲雨林里,其中一个挑战就是发现自己成为异类,身处一群闲逛的猩猩中间。”我想,创作了《走出非洲》(Out of Africa)的那个丹麦女作家,到肯尼亚去经营咖啡农场之前,一定对那里的自然景色、动物和人充满憧憬,她的笔下流露出那么多缠绵悱恻的故事以及细腻的非洲风土人情,洋溢了热爱生活的美好内涵。

  加拿大在乌干达和坦桑尼亚不设大使馆,由总领事馆照看具体事务,归属驻在肯尼亚内罗毕的加拿大大使馆。儿子的朋友把他介绍给总领事馆一位夫人,到坎帕拉后立即向总领事馆登记报到。送来第一个依妹儿里,他简单陈述了这几天的经过。

  从加拿大飞往阿姆斯特丹,全部看完基金会送来的材料,并且抽空睡了一会儿;在阿姆斯特丹等候转机,恰巧碰到一位肯尼亚著名马拉松长跑选手,过去他们曾在一起参加过同一场马拉松比赛,这样一个无名鼠辈,肯尼亚人肯定不认识他,但他肯定认识肯尼亚人;肯尼亚人每逢比赛季节飞出来,飞往欧洲北美和世界其他各大城市,在当地举行的马拉松赛事中拿名次拿奖金,马拉松比赛季节结束,肯尼亚人带着一笔可观的收入飞回家乡种植咖啡或庄稼,正好跟他搭乘同一架班机,于是他跟肯尼亚人闲聊,可能还请人家喝了杯咖啡;到达坎帕拉机场,司机保罗已经守候在那里;保罗是乌干达当地人,基金会专门派来给他开车;到达当天他见到了基金会在乌干达的全体工作人员,连他一共六人,四人来自美国,一人来自荷兰,他代表加拿大;六个人之中,两个对付艾滋病,他单独对付疟疾,剩下的各忙各的;到坎帕拉第二天,他要前往卫生部拜访乌干达卫生官员,等等等等。

  这个依妹儿送来后,他短暂地失踪了一阵子。我们掐着手指头替他计算日子,十二月一号离开加拿大,十二月八号和世卫组织小组见面,他能失踪到哪里去呢?按照他办事的规律,一定陷入了具体事务,分身乏术。果然,十号还是十一号,他送来第二个依妹儿,称刚刚结束跟世卫组织工作小组几天的接洽,由他准备的报告基本上得到肯定,一切顺利,但是还得带回日内瓦去做进一步研究。为了准备这份报告,他说自己每天工作十四个小时以上,时常连饭都吃不上,跟政府官员磨嘴皮子,到医院去察看情况。说到后来,他说自己有点奇怪:三千万美金,这笔钱他努力争取,但乌干达政府一些官员并不上劲,有这笔钱没这笔钱,对他们好像无所谓。

  我见识过这小子的嘴头功夫,能言善道,计划周密,大场面下头脑和逻辑都很清晰,法庭上和律师针锋相对,乌干达政府官员一般不是他的对手,当年没学法律真是可惜了他。但这个世界太大,毕竟他在加拿大长大,一帆风顺,环境太单纯,嫩,没见过其他世面。我告诉他,这就是腐败,这笔钱拿到手,恐怕很多人就要来找你了。底下你要对付的,说不定就是这样一些不负责任的腐败的当地官员。

               五  新年圣诞期间,儿子又失踪了一阵。他给自己放了假,去坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚大草原上游历,跟野生动物在一起,在世界上最长的尼罗河里漂流,跟当地村庄里的居民和孩子们一块度过节日,回来后又跟乌干达卫生部高官去了一个“漂亮得惊人”的度假胜地,白吃白住几天,顺顺利利学会了腐败。从他不断写来的依妹儿里,我们看到他对非洲的描绘和零零碎碎的感想,也拍摄了不少照片(漂流照片不是他拍摄)。文字和照片,浸透了对于那块土地浓厚的兴趣。

Hope & Opportunity (January 2, 2011)

Four camels make for quite a spectacle. On New Years Day the residents of Arusha, Tanzania were celebrating the festivities in the local park with ice cream, popsicles, bicycle rides and of course camel rides. On this day, a muzugu could not even compete with the fascination everyone had with the camels. After watching the spectacle unfold for a while, I notice that I had caught the curiosity of a young boy.

Eleven year old Goodluck was dressed in his Sunday finest ? dress pants, matching vest over a white collared shirt kept visibly untucked, and a hint of his impending adolescence. He asked me how far Canada was from Arusha. After the explanation, he asked me how far Kampala was from Arusha, and subsequently Nairobi to Arusha. It was clear that he has not traveled far from his village. Geographical limitations aside, Goodluck has big dreams for his future. After asking him what he wants to be when he grows up, he tells me with a glint in his eye and a confident smile that he is in primary two and would like to be a doctor one day.

Hope is a universal human characteristic which can motivate people to greatness. From 11 year old Goodluck pondering about his future, to the people of the Ivory Coast and Southern Sudan who are all hoping for brighter futures after their election and referendum. Hope is not any what different between the western world and here in Africa.

We in the west are privileged by the abundance of “opportunity” ? financial security, education, law, governance, and healthcare spawn from “opportunities”.? The reality is often times less rosy for those who do not have opportunity. However this reality is changing. Large donations of foreign aid and technical assistance drive top-down change at a system or national level (focus for a future letter maybe?). The internet, globalization and the rising middle class drives bottom-up change.

Twenty-two year old Prince, drives a Subaru Forester, has a smart-phone, owns a 32in flat screen TV, and has facebook. As a testament to the effects of globalization, Prince would adjust well if he was placed in Toronto, NYC, or even LA. In addition to the material effects of globalization, the psychological effects have Prince thinking, behaving and expecting just like any muzungu. He represents the new Uganda ? one that is hungry to experience the luxuries of the western world, and one that is willing to work hard for it.

World, watch out!

African Time (January 8, 2011)

“You’ll have to get use to African time, everything takes longer.” That was the caution a MOH colleague had offered back in late November. As I sat in the trendy little Bay Street coffee shop watching Torontonians hurry to and from their appointments in the late afternoon sun, I pondered what African time would feel like and wondering how I would cope with the change in speed.

I still remember my first day in Kampala. After an 18hour flight from Toronto to Entebbe, there was no time for jet-lag. My Clinton Health Access Initiative “orientation” consisted of getting dropped into an eight hour meeting with government officials, partner agencies, and representatives from the WHO. An hour into the meeting, the CHAI country manager excused himself to attending another meeting, and I was flying solo. For the next week, the pace was unrelenting, and I was too busy with work to be able to experience African time. Then one day African time crept up unexpectedly.

Colors of the Wild are a local restaurant located in Bokoto, Kampala. Three of us in the office thought it would be interesting to try it for lunch on day, and went at 1pm (the usual Ugandan lunch hour).? The restaurant was hidden from the street, and therefore a much needed sanctuary from the dust and open exhaust fumes that is common in Uganda. Tables lined the inner courtyard and overlooked the garden where peppers and herbs grew with other less identifiable plants. Other than one other patron, the restaurant was empty but fully staffed. Noting a 2:30pm meeting, we ordered quickly. Half an hour went by. When prompted, the waiter noted that “the food is almost ready”. An hour went by, and again the same line ? the food is almost ready. At 2:15pm, after ensuring us for the third time that the food was almost ready, I went to check on the kitchen. I was astounded to find the chef starting to peel the avocado from the appetizer that we had ordered more than an hour ago. As I retold the story on the drive to my next meeting, my driver laughed and noted that the chef probably went to the market to purchase the avocado.

That evening, I was working late and so called for a taxi. The taxi driver noted he was on his way. Half an hour went by. After calling the driver, he reassured me that he was on his way. Reassurances were made again at 45 minutes and an hour into the wait. Finally after 90 minutes of waiting, my taxi arrived. When I retold this story to my colleagues, they laughed and noted that the driver probably took another passenger on the way to pick me up.

These two encounters with African time were indeed frustrating to experience. And on a more fundamental level, these experiences hint at one of the systematic challenges in a developing country ? supply and demand. The lack of patrons drove the decision not to stock the kitchen. The lack of taxis drove the decision to pick up another passenger.?Overtime, Ugandans have adapted to this “system”. Most Muzugus however, only observe the outcomes and become frustrated.

Since I am here for a while, I have vowed not to become frustrated. Rather I will write about these ridiculous and often time hilarious experiences, and when possible, try to understand and appreciate the underlying causes.



  现在大家都在起劲地谈论非洲,突尼斯或者埃及。其实我们也去过一次非洲,孩子给克林顿基金会做志愿工作前两个月,我们到了突尼斯,在那里呆了一天,旅游去的。现在回想起来,觉得跟那块陌生的土地真有缘份,反用那部著名电影的名字,2010这一年里,我们一家三口先后都走入了非洲。

  我们是从马耳他乘船去突尼斯的。清晨时分,先看见一片陆地,然后一个港口。游轮慢慢掉头,磨正方向,从两边伸出来的防波堤中间驶过去靠上那个港口。海那边是岸,岸那边是山,山那边就不知道是什么了。山是巍峨的山,轮廓渐次清晰,黛紫中蒙着一层白色的雾霭。

  前一天晚上船上照例举办地理和历史讲座,介绍突尼斯状况。突尼斯位于非洲大陆最北端,隔海与意大利西西里岛相望,扼地中海东西航运要冲。公元前9世纪初,腓尼基人在突尼斯湾沿岸地区建立迦太基城,后来发展为奴隶制强国。公元前146年,三次布匿战争后被跨海而来的罗马人铲平,屠城时妇孺皆不能幸免。毁了城池的罗马人在周围土地撒上海盐,让世代为仇的迦太基人永无立锥之地。讲座上放映幻灯图像,显示罗马士兵将短剑刺入迦太基妇女的胸膛,妇女雪白的皮肤上只留下短剑把柄和飞溅出来的血滴。率军血洗迦太基的罗马统帅西庇阿目睹这一情景,不禁痛哭失声,他说:“这曾经是一个伟大的民族,经受过那么多苦难,统治过辽阔的海洋,在最困难的时候,表现出来的勇气胜过强大的帝国,但也避免不了毁灭。想想将来,又有哪一个帝国能够逃过这样的厄运?”

  动乱前突尼斯是非洲土地上一个进步的阿拉伯国家,经济繁荣社会稳定。主持讲座的西方教授肯定了这些,同时提到执政二十多年的本?阿里总统,说一个国家的总统做了那么多年,最近又以超过百分之九十的选票再次当选,这是民主和稳定吗?大家听后哈哈地笑了。

  走入非洲的经历让人难忘。从港口到麦地那老城,到迦太基古城遗址,一路上干净异常也冷清异常,本?阿里的画像一幅跟着一幅站在路边。迦太基古城一面迎向地中海,一面背靠总统府,当我选取镜头的时候,突尼斯导游急忙赶过来挡在面前,说不要把镜头对准总统府,以免招惹麻烦。谁也没有想到,几个月后局势骤变,突尼斯大街上一片狼藉,那个画像上抱着胳膊露出自信微笑的男人带着一家老小和一点五吨的黄金细软夺路出逃了。 

 昨天是突尼斯,今天是埃及,倒下去的多米诺骨牌里明天可能还有谁呢?也门、阿尔及利亚还是摩洛哥?这种情况让人浮想联翩也让人胆战心惊,中非国家局势向来是一点就着的汽油桶,苏丹、索马里、埃塞俄比亚,哪一个不曾烽火连天? 

 儿子说他也知道这些情况。二月十八号乌干达大选,大选的日子往往成为触动非洲国家一根敏感的神经。我们问是不是先回来避一避? No,他说,三千万美金刚刚到账,一大帮子人盯在他后面,到时候再看吧,实在不行溜到肯尼亚或者坦桑尼亚去,在那里躲避几天估计就差不多了!

(写于2010年2月10日)

□ 寄自加拿大

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