PossibleadrenaladenomaFindingsRenalandPelvicUltrasoundTherightandleftkidneymeasure9.0cminlengthandthereismoderateparenchymalthinningofthekidneysbilaterally.Nohydronephrosisisseen.Thereissomeincreasedrenalechogenicityinkeepingwithnon-specificrenalparenchymaldisease.Thereisanoduleintheleftadrenal,ithasnotchangedsincethepreviousexaminationmeasuring2.8X2.5Xapproximately2.0cminlength.ImpressionTherehas...[
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AnatomyoftheHumanBodyHenryGrayTheBartleby.comeditionofGray’sAnatomyoftheHumanBodyfeatures1,247vibrantengravings—manyincolor—fromtheclassic1918publication,aswellasasubjectindexwith13,000entriesrangingfromtheAntrumofHighmoretotheZonuleofZinn.Search:CONTENTSBibliographicRecordPrefaceIllustrationsSubjectIndexTWENTIETHEDITION
THOROUGHLYREVISEDANDRE-EDITEDBYWARRENH.LEWIS
ILLUSTRATEDWITH1247EN...[
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AdrenalIncidentaloma-Conn’sSyndromeTheadrenalglandsarebilateralretroperitonealorganslocatedonthesuperiormedialaspectoftheupperpoleofeachkidney.Therightadrenalglandliesclosetothegreatvesselswiththeveindrainingdirectlyintotheinferiorvenacava.Theleftadrenalveindrainsintotheleftrenalvein.Adrenalglandsarepairedendocrineorganscomprisedofbothcortexandmedullawiththenormaladultglandweighing4grams.Thecorte...[
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ClinicalHistory:Thepatientisa40-year-oldmalewhodoesnotsmokeandhasnohistoryofhypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetesorheartdisease.Thereissomefamilyhistoryofabdominalaorticaneurysms.Theonlysurgerythepatienthashadisarightkneeanteriorcruciateligamentrepairfifteenyearsago.Thispatientpresentswithatwo-monthhistoryofprogressiveleftlegclaudication.Thepatientcomplainsofsevereleftcalfandfootpain,burningandnumb...[
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DiscussiononCysticAdventitialDiseaseofthePoplitealArtery
WhatisCysticAdventitialDisease(CAD)?CADisacollectionofgelatinousfluidinthetunicaadventitialayerofabloodvesselwall.Thefluidprogressivelyaccumulatesinthislayereventuallycausingalocalizednarrowinginthevessellumen.Thegradualnarrowingbecomesasignificantstenosisorocclusionresultinginarterialinsufficiencydistaltotheaffectedartery.Thestenosisisn...[
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Thepurposeofthiscaseistoillustratesomefundamentalconceptsofductalcarcinomainsitu.Themammographicandsonographicfeatureswillbediscussed.
ThetermDCIS(ductalcarcinomainsitu)shouldnotbeconfusedwithLCIS(lobularcarcinomainsitu).Astheirnamessuggest,theyarerespectfullyseparatedbytheircytologicalresemblancetonormalductalorlobularepithelium.Whiletheymayco-existortheymayhistologicallyoverlap,itisusuallypo...[
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BreastUltrasoundReport
Selectiverightbreastultrasoundconfirmsthepresenceofmicrocalcificationsintheupperinnerregionoftherightbreast.
High-frequencyradialultrasoundimagewithSonoCToftherightbreastat2:00locationatthesiteofthepatient’sself-detectedandphysician-detectedthickening.Microcalcificationsareidentifiedsonographicallyasmultiplehyperechoicfoci(arrows).Thesearedistinguishedfromspeckleart...[
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SuprasternalNotchView
SampleVolume:Intheascendingaorta(ascAo)NormalFlow:SystolicAbnormalFindings:Increasedsystolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetoaorticorsubaorticstenosis.Retrogradediastolicflowduetosevereaorticinsufficiency.
SampleVolume:InthedescendingaortaNormalFlow:SystolicAbnormalFinding:Increasedsystolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetoacoarctationoftheaorta.[
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ApicalLongAxisView
SampleVolume:IntheAscendingAorta(ascAo)NormalFlow:SystolicAbnormalFindings:Increasedsystolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetoaorticorsubaorticstenosis.Retrogradediastolicflowduetosevereaorticinsufficiency.[
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Apical5ChamberView
SampleVolume:IntheLeftVentricularOutflowTract(LVOT)NormalFlow:SystolicAbnormalFindings:Increasedsystolicflowvelocityandspectralbroadeningduetoasubaorticobstruction.Highvelocityretrogradediastolicflowandspectralbroadeningduetoaorticinsufficiency.[
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