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咖啡因与睡眠

(2025-01-12 11:53:18) 下一个

对于咖啡因与睡眠关系的了解,缘于一段不愉快的经历,大约在15年前的一个周末,在一个朋友家玩,他招待我喝咖啡,第一次喝咖啡,好奇加上当时感到特别好喝,就连喝了三杯,朋友没有阻止,只是意味深长的看着我,当天晚上一夜无眠,从此我的生活中再没有了咖啡。回头查了文献,深感羞愧,一个医学博士,竟然对咖啡因一无所知。 

        咖啡和茶可能是在美华人每家必备的饮品,自己消费或者招待客人,很多华人也与大多数美国人一样,养成了每天喝咖啡的习惯,我家太太每天早晨一杯咖啡,仅限于早晨,一年三百六十五天无一例外,我即从那次喝咖啡的经历后,从来不喝咖啡,我的饮料主要是白开水,偶尔喝点绿茶,但我晚上一般不喝茶,我喝的绿茶比较淡,加上绿茶本身比红茶咖啡因低很多,饮绿茶并不影响我入睡,但它即影响了我的睡眠,对于我来说,茶水有很强的利尿作用,晚上喝茶以后频繁的上厕所,睡眠自然受到影响!

        咖啡与茶叶里面最重要的成分是咖啡因,咖啡因是一种早晨清醒与白天防止困倦的常用工具,这是许多人早晨喝咖啡的原因,但咖啡因也有一些潜在的付作用,如可引起神经紧张,头痛,心跳加速,心压上升等,还有它会干扰睡眠,特别在下午和晚上摄入咖啡因,来自一份大数据的研究报告数据显示,大约88%经常在下午摄入咖啡因的人报告至少有一个睡眠问题。

        咖啡因影响睡眠的机制:人体中有一种物质叫腺苷,是体内重要的供能物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的代谢产物,当其在大脑中浓度上升时,与大脑的腺苷受体结合,抑制神经活动使人嗜睡,此现象称为为睡眠驱力,腺苷浓度愈高,人体的睡意也会愈加强烈。咖啡因与腺苷的化学结构相似,当咖啡因进入体内后,会取代腺苷与大脑的受体结合,腺苷因此而失去了与脑内受体结合而导致嗜睡的功能,故而让人保持精神抖擞。但体内腺苷仍然增加,当咖啡因被代谢掉以后,大量的腺苷再次与受体结合,引发更浓烈的倦意。咖啡因在人体内清除的速度因人而异,早上8-9点的咖啡,往往到晩上6-7点才能从体内代谢,因此午餐或下午喝咖啡,往往导致晚上难以入眠。

        为了防止咖啡因引起的睡眠问题,不要在下午晚些时候或晚上饮用咖啡,茶,可乐和其他含有咖啡因的饮料,喜欢喝咖啡的人,且摄入量较大的人,最好是只有早晨喝咖啡了。当然,喜欢喝咖啡的人又发现它影响了自己的睡眠,可以通过调整摄入量以及饮用的时间,来减少或消除其对自己睡眠的影响。

        那些人不适合或不能饮用含咖啡因的饮料?由于咖啡因的特性以及其潜在的副作用,下列人群应减少或不饮用含咖啡因的饮料。

        1,儿童与青少年,咖啡因对儿童大脑发育和功能有负面影响,因此,中国儿童青少年零食指南(2018版)禁止12岁以下的儿童摄取咖啡因,不喝浓茶与咖啡。青少年因仍处于发育生长期,摄入量应在成人的四分之一或者最好不喝。

         2,孕妇和哺乳期女性,对于习惯于喝咖啡的孕妇,应将每日摄入的咖啡因量控制在150-300毫克以下,平时没有喝咖啡习惯者,建议不要饮用咖啡,以保证胎儿的正常生长发育。哺乳期妈妈最好不要喝咖啡与浓茶,因为咖啡因会通过乳汁进入宝宝体内,影响宝宝睡眠,并且会对中枢神经系统产生影响,导致头晕,烦躁,心律加快,呼吸急促等。

         3,睡眠不好的人。如上文所述。

         4,某些种类的患者,如心律失常的人群,美国医生大多建议有心悸或心律失常的病人戒断或减少咖啡因的摄入量;胃肠道疾病患者,如胃溃疡,胃食管反流病以及肠易激综合征患者,少喝或不喝咖啡类饮料以免加重消化道原有的症状与不适;另外青光眼患者应避免饮用含有咖啡因的饮料,以防因咖啡因引起眼压升高而导致视神经损伤和视功能损害。

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秋浦四郎 回复 悄悄话 回复 'elfie' 的评论 : Thank you for sharing your experience of drinking coffee. Drinking coffee in the morning is a good habit and generally does not easily lead to poor sleep. I agree with your point of view, drink coffee and eat less. If drinking coffee can help people diet, it will definitely help people live longer!
elfie 回复 悄悄话 I always drink two 12oz cups of coffee every morning. Can't remember when I started drinking coffee. I think at least for 25 years now. Coffee has lots of benefits. It helps reduce inflammation according to some studies, so it slows aging. I don't like tea. The only time I drank tea was when I got the stomach flu in 2023. Strangely it made me want to drink tea only. After recovery, I got back to coffee naturally. Coffee is like the breakfast for me, along with milk. It suppresses hunger. After the coffee, there's no desire to eat a big meal. Not taking lots of carb and sugar is good for my body. I have diabetes so any time I eat a lot of carbs; it feels uncomfortable within an hour. If I don't get a full stomach with bread, noodles or whatnot, it doesn't cause the fluctuations of blood sugar. I need to consume small meals. Coffee helps me to not feel hungry. And metformin also does that. It's a magic drug. I think eating food equals to bodily oxidation. The more you eat, the faster your body ages. It's like a slow suicide we commit every day. Pizza, burger, fried chicken, high calories, high fat. Alcohol too. Alcohol has calories, especially beer. The less we eat, the better. The people that were forced to live an extended period in minimum calories daily and survived actually lived much longer than average people do.
Lots of Holocaust survivors from the death camps lived to 90 or over 100. I think maybe their bodies were used to low calories intake. Drink coffee, eat less.
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