耶稣受难日 (Good Friday)

今天是Good Friday，基督徒一个非常神圣的节日。

大约两千年的一个周四，耶稣跟他的门徒吃了最后的晚餐，之后被犹大出卖，被捕。第二天即周五，耶稣历经审讯，被定罪，最后被钉在十字架上，几小时后死去。周六，耶稣被埋葬在石穴里。第三天即周日，耶稣复活升天。耶稣在世上的最后几天，大概就是这么一个过程，新约里的四个福音书里都有记载，而且基本相同。

耶稣死而复活是基督教的立教之本，也是基督徒们对后世最大的盼望。

这么一个神圣的节日，为什么叫 Good Friday？耶稣被出卖、被捕、受难，本是个很悲惨的事件，有何美好而言？

存疑已经很久了，一直没搞明白。今天好奇手痒，遛狗找到了几篇科普。

其中一篇是这么解释的：

Why is Good Friday called Good Friday?

There is some dispute as to the origins of the label, with some suggesting that it is a corruption of “God's Friday” and other experts stating that the adjective “good” is simply used to denote any holy day observed by the church.

见 https://inews.co.uk/news/good-friday-why-called-good-friday-meaning-easter-date-name-explained-why-celebrated-1577015

下面是另一篇的解释：

What's So Good about Good Friday?

Still, why call the day of Jesus' death “Good Friday” instead of “Bad Friday” or something similar? Some Christian traditions do take this approach: in German, for example, the day is called Karfreitag, or “Sorrowful Friday.” In English, in fact, the origin of the term “Good” is debated: some believe it developed from an older name, “God's Friday.” Regardless of the origin, the name Good Friday is entirely appropriate because the suffering and death of Jesus, as terrible as it was, marked the dramatic culmination of God's plan to save his people from their sins.

见 https://www.christianity.com/god/jesus-christ/what-s-so-good-about-good-friday.htmlz

其他的解释更复杂，比如这篇 https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06643a.htm ，就不刨根问底去追究了。

中文怎么翻译？总不能翻译成“美好的周五”吧。对非基督徒而言，或许真的是个美好的周五，因为他们跟着沾光，享受一个春光明媚、百花盛开的节假日和长周末。

查了一下，发现最常见的翻译是“圣周五”、“耶稣受难日”和“受难节”。

咱觉得，“耶稣受难日”比较通俗易懂，尤其是对非基督徒。

另：每年的复活节（Easter）是这样确定的：

The simple standard definition of Easter is that it is the first Sunday after the full Moon that occurs on or after the spring equinox (March 20). If the full Moon falls on a Sunday then Easter is the next Sunday.