《拉贝日记》
南京安全区国际委员会主席约翰·拉贝(John H. D. Rabe)从1937年9月到1938年2月间记录的日记,是其亲身目击南京大屠杀所作的记录,是南京大屠杀的重要史料。
1996年12月12日,拉贝的外孙女莱茵哈特在美国纽约向世人首次公布。1997年8月,美国克诺夫出版社以《The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe》为名将其出版。
拉贝自1911年起受雇于西门子中国公司;南京大屠杀发生时是德国西门子公司驻中国公司员工,他以外国人(德日当时有同盟关系,双方有签反共协定)的特殊身份,在中国南京建立南京战时安全区保护了一些中国平民,不过当时拉贝的行为纯属个人行为,并不代表西门子公司。拉贝是南京安全区的发起人之一,并担任安全区国际委员会主席。他是德国纳粹党南京小组代理,这特殊身份使他的记述具有别人难以代替的作用。
在写作日记之外,拉贝还保存了80多张现场拍摄的照片,并对这些照片作了详实说明。
因为拉贝当时活动的范围主要在南京安全区内,《拉贝日记》不可能对南京大屠杀的全过程作出完整的系统的论断和估计。但《拉贝日记》仍然被认为具有很重要的史料价值。
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附录:约翰·拉贝其人/【德】埃尔温·维克特 盟国肃清纳粹法庭复议庭认定拉贝为非纳粹分子的判决 [4] |
拉贝日记 目击中国军民的死亡之旅
The Diaries of John Rabe
—Witnessing the Killings of Chinese Soldiers and Civilians
1937年12月13日,日军攻占南京后制造了残酷的大屠杀。拉贝亲眼目睹了中国军民的死亡之旅,并在百忙中将其所见所闻以日记和其他文件的形式详实地记述了侵华日军在南京犯下的一桩桩令人发指的暴行。
On December 13, 1937, the Japanese troops occupied Nanjing City and committed horrifying atrocities of massacre. John Rabe witnessed the killings of the Chinese combatants and civilians, and faithfully recorded the Japanese cruelties that he saw and heard in his diaries and other documents.
约翰.拉贝先生正在南京国际安全区的办公室工作的照片。在这里,拉贝先生写了拉贝日记
拉贝在故居内撰写他的战时日记
John Rabe, writing his wartime diaries in his former residence
约翰.拉贝先生正在南京国际安全区的办公室工作的照片。
在这里,拉贝先生写了拉贝日记
John Rabe, working at his office in the International Safety Zone,
where he completed the Diaries
拉贝写的战时日记
Wartime diaries written by John Rabe
下面是摘抄的部分日记:
The following excerpts are taken from John Rabe’s diaries:
12月14日:开车经过市区,我们才晓得破坏的巨大程度。车子每经一二百米就会压过尸首,那些都是平民的尸首。我检查过,子弹是从背后射进去的,看来这些人是在逃跑的途中从后面被打死的。日本人每10人-20人组成一个小分队,他们在城市中穿行,把商店洗劫一空。如果不是亲眼目睹,我是无法相信的。
December 14: We came to know how much the devastation had been only after a drive through the city. At an interval of one or two hundred meters, the car would literally run over corpses of civilians. I examined them and found that they were shot from behind, which means that those people were killed when they were trying to run away. The Japanese soldiers, in teams of 10 to 20, marched across the city and robbed every store clean. That would have been unbelievable if I had not seen it with my own eyes.
以上这段话的德文版原文: Excerpts from The Diaries of John Rabe in German:
汉西门外毁坏的情况 火烧后的断壁残垣的中山路
The damage in the area outside The dilapidated Zhongshan Road
Hanximen Gate after the fires
北方饭店的废墟上仍飘扬着劫后犹存的德国旗。(因为当时风很大)
The German national flag was still swaying on the ruins of the North Hotel
拉贝日记中还记载了被派在国际安全区委员会总部工作的南京警察部队警员伍长德。他于1937年12月16日被日本人抓走,与他一同被抓的包括450警察在内的约1000名中国人被处决。伍长德受了伤但幸免一死,后来逃到了安全区避难。战后,他曾到远东军事法庭作证。
The Diaries of John Rabe also recorded a local policeman Wu Changde, an officer of Nanjing Police Troop assigned to work in the headquarters of the International Committee for the Safety Zone. Wu was captured by the Japanese on December 16, 1937 to be executed with about 1,000 Chinese people, including 450 policemen. Wu was wounded, but managed to escape to seek protection in the Safety Zone. After the War, Wu appeared in the International Military Tribunal for Far East as witness.
被救助的警察照片伍长德
Wu Changde, Police Officer, saved by Rabe
1947年7月27日《中央日报》关于许传音、伍长德分别在东京军事法庭上作证的报道
News report (July 27, 1947) about Xu Chuanyin and Wu Changde as witnesses testifying at the Tokyo War Crime Tribunal