Jean Charest 特朗普、加拿大和卡尼
Jean Charest
https://www.groupetcj.ca/en/team/382-jean-charest-lawyer-partner-montreal-tcj.html
律师，合伙人，1981年获得律师资格, 舍布鲁克大学法学学位jean.charest@groupetcj.ca
电话：514.871.2800
电话：1.855.633.6326
Jean Charest先生是蒙特利尔的律师兼合伙人，同时也担任战略顾问。他协助客户处理国际交易、项目和委托事宜。凭借其在加拿大和国际公共政策及商业领域的丰富经验，他还提供独特的专业知识。
Charest先生是加拿大最知名的政治人物之一，在联邦政府和魁北克国民议会拥有超过30年的公共服务生涯。
1984年，他首次当选下议院议员，并被任命为副议长。28岁时，他出任青年事务国务部长，成为加拿大历史上最年轻的内阁部长。他还曾担任体育部长和下议院政府副领袖。
1991年，沙雷斯特先生被任命为环境部长。一年后，他率领加拿大代表团出席了里约热内卢地球峰会，主题是经济与环境。加拿大是第一个签署《气候变化和生物多样性框架公约》的七国集团国家。
1993年，他被任命为工业部长兼加拿大副总理。1994年，他成为加拿大进步保守党领袖。在1995年的全民公投中，他担任反对党委员会副主席。在1997年的联邦选举中，他带领该党赢得了下议院20多个席位。
1998年，沙雷先生成为魁北克自由党领袖。他在2003年、2007年和2008年的省级选举中连任三届，这是50年来任何政党都无法比拟的成就。
2008年至2012年，在沙雷总理的领导下，尽管面临全球金融和经济危机，魁北克的经济增长仍比美国、欧洲和加拿大其他地区强劲。他的政府实施了一项重大的基础设施投资计划。
在环境和气候变化方面，沙雷政府将自己定位为全球领导者，在北美率先征收碳税，并与加利福尼亚州共同建立了碳交易市场。
沙雷先生的遗产包括一项具有里程碑意义的魁北克北部可持续发展倡议：“北方计划”。该计划覆盖120万平方公里，面积是法国的两倍，重点关注北纬49度以北的广阔地区。
在能源领域，沙雷特政府开发了多个水电和风电项目，帮助魁北克保持了其继中国、巴西和美国之后，成为世界第四大清洁可再生水电生产国的地位。
沙雷特政府在国际政治领域为魁北克进行了强有力的宣传攻势。沙雷特总理率领多个经济代表团出访新兴国家，包括中国、印度、俄罗斯和巴西。他作为特邀演讲嘉宾出席了达沃斯世界经济论坛，探讨了环境、气候变化、国际贸易和劳动力流动等议题。
沙雷特先生还参加了四届法语国家峰会，汇聚了五十多个国家的政府。2008年，他主持了在魁北克市举行的法语国家峰会。他还促成了法国和魁北克之间一项前所未有的劳动力流动协议，涵盖了80多个行业和职业。
沙雷特先生在国际舞台上取得的重大成就之一是，在世贸组织谈判失败后，他推动加拿大和欧盟就扩大经济伙伴关系（包括合作协议）进行谈判，发挥了关键作用。
沙雷斯特先生积极倡导女性参政，其政府于2006年通过了一项法律，要求22家国有企业董事会实现性别平等。2007年，他的18人内阁成员中，女性与男性成员人数持平，这在魁北克乃至加拿大历史上尚属首次。
沙雷斯特先生曾任康考迪亚大学政治学讲师，并定期担任客座演讲嘉宾。
“全线出击，无时无刻”：让·沙雷阁下就特朗普、加拿大和卡尼问题接受魁北克省前省长让·沙雷阁下的专访
前魁北克省省长让·沙雷阁下。
塔莎·凯里丁 2025年5月8日
https://www.gzeromedia.com/gzero-north/jean-charest-interview-exclusive
唐纳德·特朗普重返白宫，以过去难以想象的方式颠覆了美加两国长期以来的亲密友谊。但渥太华究竟应该如何应对这位奉行“美国优先”政策的总统？所有这些动荡仅仅是一次调整，还是两国关系已经发生了根本性的变化？
很少有人比让·沙雷阁下更有资格评估当前形势。他是前魁北克省省长、前联邦内阁部长和进步保守党领袖，也是加拿大在国际事务和贸易方面最专业的人士之一。
GZERO 的 Tasha Kheiriddin 本周与 Charest 进行了访谈，了解他对当前局势的看法以及两国未来应如何发展。为了篇幅和清晰度，他们的对话内容经过了编辑。
问：我们来谈谈马克·卡尼和唐纳德·特朗普最近的会晤。这对加拿大来说是一次胜利吗？
答：是的。卡尼关于第51个州的回应非常深思熟虑，就像他说的：“有些东西是不能买卖的，比如我们现在所在的白宫。”他们的语气恰到好处，信息传递得也恰到好处，诱惑的程度也恰到好处，但又不会太过强硬。然后他们就可以继续谈正事了。
问：根据你的经验，加拿大和美国之间的关系至关重要。卡尼如何才能保持积极的关系？
答：对卡尼先生来说，关键在于寻找并确定他能够帮助特朗普先生实现的目标。他的目标是什么？要对他有所帮助，而不是挑衅。
问：我们来谈谈《美墨加协定》（CUSMA，又称USMCA）的重新谈判吧。特朗普说“会的”，但对具体时间框架含糊其辞。加拿大应该推动加快重新谈判，还是只关注关税问题？
答：我会两者兼顾。我跟你分享一个故事。4月2日之后几天，我在华盛顿CNN的片场。我遇到了霍华德·卢特尼克，我之前并不认识他。我们互相介绍了一下，大概就是一两分钟的对话，只是打个招呼而已。但他三次提到了《美墨加协定》（CUSMA）。所以他们显然就是这么想的。
为什么？因为这是一个可以循序渐进的过程，而不是重新构思。但重新谈判《美墨加协定》有一个技术环节，国会内部需要一个为期240天的磋商程序。所以我们应该尽快启动这个过程。
与此同时，我们需要取消对铝和钢铁的关税。这需要一些时间。钢铁问题在于中国，他们过度生产，导致市场泛滥。这会影响到加拿大市场，进而影响到美国市场。
问：您认为国会将在关税问题上做出何种决定？您认为来自两国业界的声音有多重要？
答：我们应该全线出击，时刻保持媒体报道。不要在小房间里，不要和不重要的人交谈。州长、市长、商界人士、众议员、参议员。如果能有一群与加拿大人有过接触并能与我们保持一致的人，这将打破僵局。
如果特朗普不改变路线，他可能会受到市场的制裁。如果我们能为他提供一个出口，让他能够向市场发出我们正在前进的信号，这将让他们安心。
问：我们来谈谈中国。我们知道特朗普的贸易战重点是中国。但加拿大与中国存在一些问题，中国已对我们的油菜籽和海鲜征收关税。加拿大应该如何行动才能保护我们的产业，同时又不危及我们与美国的关系？
答：我认为短期威胁是美国人以牺牲加拿大利益为代价达成贸易协议，他们以前就这么做过。我们也预计美国人会希望在贸易协议中加入对与中国交易的限制。
我们必须更好地确定我们与中国的核心利益。现在，这包括向他们出售商品、农产品和能源：天然气、液化天然气和石油。我们正在用跨山输油管道取代美国人没有向中国出售的能源。他们的销售额下降了，而我们的销售额却大幅上升。所以，在我看来，能源是中加关系的未来。
问：我们来谈谈军事。特朗普称赞加拿大加大了军事投入。我们的政府还应该做些什么？
答：我认为卡尼首相直觉上正确的一点是，应该将讨论范围扩大到合作，其中包括北美防空司令部。这不仅仅是购买装备，不仅仅是做更多的事情，也关乎对美国和加拿大安全至关重要的合作。
北美防空司令部和现代化方面存在重大采购问题。目前正在进行的再投资，我认为
美国至少承担了90%，我们只承担了10%，这对加拿大来说可不是什么好事。此外，这笔支出还占GDP的2%。卡尼总理将时间框架从2032年提前到2030年，这很好。特朗普说得对。
问：芬太尼和边境安全也提到了。我们在这两个方面都取得了进展。您认为这在未来有多重要？
答：我们必须讲述我们的故事。边境问题存在比例问题。芬太尼是我们社会的可怕祸害。但我们不是问题本身。我们在移民问题上也不是问题，所以我们不想成为问题。我认为我们现在的做法基本上涵盖了这个问题。
问：在最近的竞选活动中，卡尼表示加拿大和美国之间的关系已经结束。本周会晤后，您认为这是真的吗？还是说，两国关系发生了根本性的变化？
答：我想我们大多数人更愿意说它已经彻底改变了。“结束”这个词听起来很绝对。
问：确实如此。
答：我的意思是，就像我们任何一个经历过恋爱关系的人一样，如果你告诉你的伴侣，你们就不能再睡在同一张床上，住在同一栋房子里了。所以它还没有结束。无论发生什么，我们仍将是彼此最大的客户。但即使特朗普先生卸任，我们也不应该相信我们会恢复到某种“正常”状态。它已经彻底改变了。我不认为它已经结束了，但它不会再回到以前的样子了。
https://www.groupetcj.ca/en/team/382-jean-charest-lawyer-partner-montreal-tcj.html
Lawyer, Partner, Bar Admission 1981
Law degree from the University of Sherbrooke
In 1991, Mr. Charest was appointed Minister of the Environment. A year later, he headed the Canadian delegation to the Rio Earth Summit on the Economy and the Environment. Canada was the first G7 country to sign the Framework Convention on Climate Change and Biodiversity.
In 1993, he was appointed Minister of Industry and Deputy Prime Minister of Canada. In 1994, he became leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. During the 1995 referendum, he served as vice-chairman of the NO committee. In the 1997 federal election, he led the party to win over 20 seats in the House of Commons.
In 1998, Mr. Charest became leader of the Quebec Liberal Party. He won three consecutive mandates in the provincial elections of 2003, 2007 and 2008—an achievement unmatched by any party in 50 years.
Between 2008 and 2012, under Premier Charest’s leadership, Quebec experienced stronger economic growth than the United States, Europe and the rest of Canada, despite the global financial and economic crisis. His government implemented a major infrastructure investment program.
With respect to the environment and climate change, the Charest government positioned itself as a global leader, introducing the first carbon levy in North America and co-founding a carbon trading market with the State of California.
Mr. Charest’s legacy includes a landmark initiative for the sustainable development of Northern Quebec: the Plan Nord. Covering 1.2 million km2—twice the size of France—this plan focuses on the vast territory north of the 49th parallel.
In the energy sector, the Charest government developed several hydroelectric and wind power projects, helping Quebec maintain its position as the world’s fourth-largest producer of clean, renewable hydroelectric power, after China, Brazil and the United States.
The Charest government conducted a strong offensive for Quebec in international politics. Premier Charest led numerous economic missions to emerging countries, including China, India, Russia and Brazil. He was a guest speaker at the World Economic Forum in Davos, where he addressed issues such as the environment, climate change, international trade and labour mobility.
Mr. Charest also participated in four Sommets de la Francophonie, bringing together over fifty governments. He hosted the 2008 summit in the city of Québec. He also initiated an unprecedented labour mobility agreement between France and Quebec, covering more than 80 trades and professions.
One of Mr. Charest’s major achievements on the international stage was his pivotal role in encouraging Canada and the European Union to negotiate an expanded economic partnership, including cooperation agreements, following the failure of WTO negotiations.
A strong advocate for women’s participation in politics, Mr. Charest’s government passed a 2006 law requiring gender parity on the boards of 22 state-owned corporations. In 2007, his 18-member cabinet included as many women as men—a first in Quebec and Canadian history.
Mr. Charest was a lecturer in political science at Concordia University. He is a regular guest speaker.
“All fronts, all the time”: an interview on Trump, Canada, and Carney with the Hon. Jean Charest
Former Quebec Premier Jean Charest.
Few people are better positioned to assess the situation than the Hon. Jean Charest, former premier of Quebec, former federal cabinet minister and Progressive Conservative leader, and one of Canada’s most expert voices on international affairs and trade.
GZERO’s Tasha Kheiriddin sat down with Charest this week to learn what he thinks of what has transpired and how the two countries should move forward. Their conversation has been edited for length and clarity.
Q: Let’s talk about the recent meeting between Mark Carney and Donald Trump. Was it a win for Canada?
A: A win. Carney’s reply on the 51st state was a very well-thought-out response, as was saying, “Some things are not for sale, like the White House where we are now.” They got the tone right, they got the message right, and the level of seduction was just right without being too strong. And then they could get on with business.
Q: As you know from experience, relationships between Canada and the US are critical. How can Carney keep it in a positive place?
Q: Let’s talk about the renegotiation of CUSMA, or USMCA. Trump said, “It will happen” but was vague about the time frame. Should Canada push for a faster renegotiation, or just focus on the tariffs?
A: I would do both. I’ll share an anecdote with you. I was on the set of CNN in Washington a few days after April 2. I crossed paths with Howard Lutnick, whom I didn’t know. We introduced each other and it’s kind of a one-, two-minute conversation where you just say hello. But three times he mentioned CUSMA, three times. So that’s obviously what they have in mind.
Why? Because it’s something you can work off, as opposed to reinventing it. But there’s a technical part to renegotiating CUSMA, a consultation process within Congress, 240 days. And so that’s a process that we should initiate as rapidly as possible.
Q: Where do you think Congress will land on tariffs, and how important do you think voices from industry will be, from both sides of the border?
A: We should be on all fronts, all the time. Full press. There are no small rooms, there are no people we’re talking to who are not important. Governors, mayors, business people, congressmen, senators. This will break the logjam, if there is a concert of people who have had contact with Canadians and are able to repeat our lines.
And Trump may be sanctioned by the markets if he doesn’t change course. If we can offer him an off-ramp that would allow him to signal to the markets that we are moving ahead, that would reassure them.
A: I think the short-term threat is that the Americans conclude a trade deal at the expense of Canada, which they’ve done before. We’re also anticipating that the Americans will want to include restrictions on dealing with China in their trade deals.
We have to better identify what our core interests are with China. Now, that includes selling them goods and agricultural products and energy: natural gas, LNG, and oil. We are replacing the energy that the Americans are not selling to China with Trans Mountain. Their sales have gone down, ours have gone up radically. So, energy is the future in the relationship with China as far as I’m concerned.
A: I think one thing that Prime Minister Carney is intuitively right about is enlarging the discussion to cooperation, which includes NORAD. It isn’t just about buying equipment, it isn’t just about doing more, it’s also about cooperation that is fundamental to the security of the United States and Canada.
There are major procurement issues in terms of NORAD and modernizing. There’s a reinvestment that’s happening now that I think is covered at least at 90% by the Americans and 10% by us, which is not a very good story on the Canadian side. And then there’s spending 2% of GDP. Prime Minister Carney has accelerated the time frame to 2030 as opposed to 2032, which is fine. Trump is right about that.
A: We have to tell our story. There’s an issue of proportionality on the border. Fentanyl is a horrible scourge on our society. But we are not the problem. And we’re not the problem on immigration, so we don’t want to become the problem. I think what we’re doing now pretty much covers it.
Q: During the recent election campaign, Carney said the relationship we had between Canada and the US is over. After the meeting this week, do you think that’s true? Or is it fundamentally changed?
A: I think most of us would prefer to say it’s fundamentally changed. The word over sounds pretty absolute.
Q: It does.
A: I mean, as any of us who’ve been in a relationship, if you tell your partner it’s over, you’re not going to be sleeping in the same bed anymore, living in the same house. So it’s not over. Whatever happens, we will continue to be each other’s biggest customers. But even when Mr. Trump leaves office, it would be a mistake for us to believe that we’re going to return to something “normal.” It’s fundamentally changed. I don’t think it’s over, but it won’t return to what it was before.
