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创造性劳动、精神对象和现代生产理论
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345484552_Creative_Labor_Mental_Objects_and_the_Modern_Theory_of_Production
艾伦·弗里曼 2020 年 10 月 科学与社会 84(4):458-484 DOI:10.1521/siso.2020.84.4.458
近几十年来，有关创造力的文献激增，但对其内容却没有达成共识。由于对经济和人类发展的关注，中国和俄罗斯的贡献为这些辩论提供了新的视角。通过将其与广泛使用的“创意产业”概念相结合，提出了植根于创意劳动概念的严格创意概念。这可以被定义为非机械劳动，它与信息和通信技术（ICT）相结合，产生了体现独特使用价值的产品的大众市场。随后，创意产业作为劳动分工的一个分支而出现，它密集地利用创意劳动与精神对象（例如科学和艺术产品）的结合。软件本身是一种精神对象，是这些行业中的“精神生产工具”，有助于解释它们对人类发展的潜在贡献，以及商品形式对这种潜力施加的障碍。
Creative Labor, Mental Objects and the Modern Theory of Production
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345484552_Creative_Labor_Mental_Objects_and_the_Modern_Theory_of_Production
Alan Freeman October 2020 Science & Society 84(4):458-484 DOI:10.1521/siso.2020.84.4.458
Recent decades have seen a proliferation of literature on creativity, with no consensus about what it consists of. Chinese and Russian contributions throw new light on these debates because of their concern with economic and human development. By integrating this with the widely-used concept of the “creative industries,” a rigorous concept of creativity rooted in the notion of creative labor is proposed. This can be defined as non-mechanical labor which, in conjunction with Information and Communication Technology (ICT), has produced a mass market in products embodying the use-value of distinctness. The creative industries then emerge as a branch of the division of labor making intensive use of creative labor in combination with mental objects, such as scientific and artistic products. Software, itself a mental object, is an “instrument of mental production” in these industries, helping explain their potential contribution to human development, and the obstacles to this potential imposed by the commodity form.
