陇山陇西郡
宁静纯我心 感得事物人 写朴实清新. 闲书闲话养闲心,闲笔闲写记闲人;人生无虞懂珍惜，以沫相濡字字真。
【E外桃源】My 初心 Original intention was to study in Europe, so I've been trained in the National Center of French Language for a year and I passed all the required course exames implemented by Francais Universite a Paris. Somehow, fate came kicking-in with twists and turns, but my dream came alive this morning as my friend sent me sparks below, it sparked joy so much that I wrote this down to seize the moment of joy.
If you're awed by democracy, you ought to be surprised limited amount of democracy existed back then: "In Roman society, the aristocrats were known as patricians. The highest positions in the government were held by two consuls, or leaders, who ruled the Roman Republic. A senate composed of patricians elected these consuls. At this time, lower-class citizens, or plebeians, had virtually no say in the government."
"Put simply, the vast majority of the Roman population had limited ability to exercise the powers afforded to them by the constitution. They had little to no influence on legislation and could only select leaders from a very small aristocratic caste. ... The Roman Republic was never intended to be a democracy."
However, "
"The Roman Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E. after the last Etruscan king that ruled Rome was overthrown. Rome's next government served as a representative democracy in the form of a republic. Initially, Rome's wealthiest families, the patricians, held power and only they could hold political or religious offices."
"Roman society was extremely patriarchal and hierarchical. The adult male head of a household had special legal powers and privileges that gave him jurisdiction over all the members of his family. The status of freeborn Romans was established by their ancestry, census ranking, and citizenship."
"Romans are also responsible for creating a legal code written down which protected the rights of all citizens. This document was influential in the creation of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. The Roman Republic consisted of major political bodies including the Consuls, the Senate, and the Assemblies."
"The three main parts of the government were the Senate, the Consuls and the Assemblies. The Senate was composed of leaders from the patricians, the noble and wealthy families of ancient Rome. They were the law makers. They controlled spending."
"The aristocracy (wealthy class) dominated the early Roman Republic. In Roman society, the aristocrats were known as patricians. The highest positions in the government were held by two consuls, or leaders, who ruled the Roman Republic. A senate composed of patricians elected these consuls."
I was not surprised to read this "Freeborn women in ancient Rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. Because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by Roman historians. ... The one major public role reserved solely for women was in the sphere of religion: the priestly office of the Vestals."
"
If you wanted to learn about the first Romain emperor, you can view
Rome
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第2楼 2021-03-18 15:56:00 Rome: A History of the Eternal City https://www.wenxuecity.com/groups/bbs.php?act=bbsview&gid=2508&basecode=945020 |
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? ROMAN HOLIDAY ~ -青松站- ♀ 给 青松站 发送悄悄话 青松站 的博客首页 青松站 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (5 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 16:48:04
? 写得太棒了！内容丰富，读完很涨知识。照片也很美。赞！ -盈盈一笑间- ♀ 给 盈盈一笑间 发送悄悄话 盈盈一笑间 的博客首页 盈盈一笑间 的个人群组 (354 bytes) (13 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 17:28:38
? Your shinning light kick me to dive but your 盈盈一笑间 laugh me to s -TJKCB- ♀ 给 TJKCB 发送悄悄话 TJKCB 的博客首页 TJKCB 的个人群组 (180 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 postreply 12:38:39
? Is Empire system a forward or backward vs. Republic ? coz chron -移花接木- ♂ 给 移花接木 发送悄悄话 移花接木 的博客首页 移花接木 的个人群组 (57 bytes) (9 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 17:42:31
? I guess it is a circle. Each system has its strength and irs -Okra- ♀ 给 Okra 发送悄悄话 Okra 的博客首页 Okra 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 18:37:06
? Strength and flaw. When war broke out, an empire with a strong l -Okra- ♀ 给 Okra 发送悄悄话 Okra 的博客首页 Okra 的个人群组 (230 bytes) (5 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 18:53:47
? Every road leads to Rome, which one should I go along -忒忒绿- ♂ 给 忒忒绿 发送悄悄话 忒忒绿 的博客首页 忒忒绿 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 17:56:00
? To be or not to be ~ -青松站- ♀ 给 青松站 发送悄悄话 青松站 的博客首页 青松站 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (5 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 18:02:53
? "Every road came from Rome" is more accurate than " Every road l -TJKCB- ♀ 给 TJKCB 发送悄悄话 TJKCB 的博客首页 TJKCB 的个人群组 (139 bytes) (2 reads) 03/19/2021 postreply 12:41:00
? I suspect ur major is political science as ur written English is -beautifulwind- ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (21 bytes) (10 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 20:07:59
? You're very kind. Wisely insightful: political science governs o -TJKCB- ♀ 给 TJKCB 发送悄悄话 TJKCB 的博客首页 TJKCB 的个人群组 (189 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 postreply 12:45:54
? Nice article! -甜虫虫- ♀ 给 甜虫虫 发送悄悄话 甜虫虫 的博客首页 甜虫虫 的个人群组 (134 bytes) (3 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 21:00:33
? It's insightful to compare America with Rome. Impressed. -LYJiang- ♂ 给 LYJiang 发送悄悄话 LYJiang 的博客首页 LYJiang 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (6 reads) 03/18/2021 postreply 21:59:39
? Rome era inspires many things influential still going strong... -TJKCB- ♀ 给 TJKCB 发送悄悄话 TJKCB 的博客首页 TJKCB 的个人群组 (336 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 postreply 12:49:00
? 置顶: 【E外桃源】the Eternal City of Rome -TJKCB- ♀ 给 TJKCB 发送悄悄话 TJKCB 的博客首页 TJKCB 的个人群组 (211313 bytes) (5185 reads) 03/18/2021 16:24:15 (7)
? 置顶: Barack Obama’s Twitters on anti-Asian violence -忒忒绿- ♂ 给 忒忒绿 发送悄悄话 忒忒绿 的博客首页 忒忒绿 的个人群组 (808 bytes) (4023 reads) 03/18/2021 12:57:00 (6)
? 置顶: 【E外桃源】I'm here for the coursing stream and the White Beaches -甜虫虫- ♀ 给 甜虫虫 发送悄悄话 甜虫虫 的博客首页 甜虫虫 的个人群组 (7233 bytes) (5367 reads) 03/18/2021 12:22:11 (10)
? 置顶: 【E外桃源】活动-活动—Xanadu -Okra- ♀ 给 Okra 发送悄悄话 Okra 的博客首页 Okra 的个人群组 (2149 bytes) (7626 reads) 03/17/2021 21:15:36 (6)
? 置顶: Banff national park 4K video -woodwishper- ♂ 给 woodwishper 发送悄悄话 woodwishper 的博客首页 woodwishper 的个人群组 (259 bytes) (1359 reads) 03/17/2021 21:12:13 (8)
? 置顶: 【E外桃源】活动 -- my dream land -树的花花世界- ♀ 给 树的花花世界 发送悄悄话 树的花花世界 的博客首页 树的花花世界 的个人群组 (4112 bytes) (8559 reads) 03/17/2021 14:24:44 (10)
? 置顶: 【听歌练听力】Always with me -Marauders- 给 Marauders 发送悄悄话 Marauders 的个人群组 (1770 bytes) (2973 reads) 03/17/2021 12:46:02 (8)
? 【E外桃源】星.Sailing - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (9392 bytes) (2374 reads) 03/19/2021 10:13:22 (5)
? 沙发！ - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 03/19/2021 10:16:16
? 专业歌星佳佳总算来啦！那天花董还提起你唱歌音符稳稳得就是一条直线！我今早洗簌时还想着好久没练你教的唇颤音啦！ - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (116 bytes) (10 reads) 03/19/2021 10:25:24
? 谢谢美风！：） - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 10:36:33
? 花董这些天每天都绞尽脑汁准备颁奖典礼，今天还为了开场白精益求精专门请年假一天，好感动！相信童鞋们都会不虚此行！ - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (5 reads) 03/19/2021 10:37:24
? 嘿嘿，用了google translator，一下就找到了翻译： - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (395 bytes) (9 reads) 03/19/2021 10:27:53
? 太好了，已加了！） - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 10:37:02
? 佳佳一开嗓, 满世界都是桃源. - 轻轻的我来 - ♂ 给 轻轻的我来 发送悄悄话 轻轻的我来 的博客首页 轻轻的我来 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (4 reads) 03/19/2021 10:33:52
? 谢谢你来：） - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 10:37:26
? 诗人的跟帖也是诗意满怀：）去写一句翻译作业呀，这周日一定来领奖，给你的奖项逗S我了：） - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 03/19/2021 11:14:41
? 什么奖？期待ing~~ - 轻轻的我来 - ♂ 给 轻轻的我来 发送悄悄话 轻轻的我来 的博客首页 轻轻的我来 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 03/19/2021 11:25:18
? 好深情的歌！赞美风拉来的朋友，唱的真棒，好听。 - woodwishper - ♂ 给 woodwishper 发送悄悄话 woodwishper 的博客首页 woodwishper 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (3 reads) 03/19/2021 10:47:52
? 谢谢你啊：） - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 10:54:19
? 佳佳老师春分好，祝佳佳，春风得意喜上眉梢：） - 逗儿 - ♀ 给 逗儿 发送悄悄话 逗儿 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 03/19/2021 10:50:37
? 谢谢逗儿，春分过后春天就正式来了：） - jzhou8968 - ♀ 给 jzhou8968 发送悄悄话 jzhou8968 的博客首页 jzhou8968 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 10:54:00
? 凤的朋友都这么有才啊，好唱，赞 - 忒忒绿 - ♂ 给 忒忒绿 发送悄悄话 忒忒绿 的博客首页 忒忒绿 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (2 reads) 03/19/2021 11:20:00
? 那是当然，佳佳是专业的大歌星！人还低调得不行不行的：） - beautifulwind - ♀ 给 beautifulwind 发送悄悄话 beautifulwind 的博客首页 beautifulwind 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 11:34:08
? 哇，佳佳老师，差点以为我走错论坛了，尾音太迷人了 - 移花接木 - ♂ 给 移花接木 发送悄悄话 移花接木 的博客首页 移花接木 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 03/19/2021 11:21:43
? 同赞，佳佳～…… - 青松站 - 给 青松站 发送悄悄话 青松站 的博客首页 青松站 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (1 reads) 03/19/2021 12:20:54
? 专业演唱，真的以为走错论坛了。 - 盈盈一笑间 - ♀ 给 盈盈一笑间 发送悄悄话 盈盈一笑间 的博客首页 盈盈一笑间 的个人群组 (0 bytes) (0 reads) 03/19/2021 12:40:17