Democracy 民 主

象所有的事情都有其来龙去脉一样, Democracy 民主, 也可以追溯到它的蓝色root.

Democracy has its origins in Ancient Greece(西方天文,科学,哲学的摇篮).^[17][18] However other cultures have significantly contributed to the evolution of democracy such as Ancient Rome,^[17] Europe,^[17] and North and South America.^[19] The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the European Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment and in the American and French Revolutions.^[20]  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy

The term democracy comes from the Greek language and means "rule by the (simple) people". The so-called "democracies" in classical antiquity (Athens and Rome) represent 先驱precursors of modern democracies. Like modern democracy, they were created as a reaction to a concentration and abuse of power by the rulers. Yet the theory of modern democracy was not formulated until the Age of Enlightment (17^th/18^th centuries), when philosophers defined the essential elements of democracy: separation of powers, basic civil rights / human rights, religious liberty and separation of church and state.


Often democracy 民主 is defined opposite to other types of government:

Monarchy	Government by a single ruler (king/queen, emperor) 君主制
Aristocracy	Government by noblemen (hereditary) 贵族体制
Oligarchy	Government by few persons 寡头制
Theocracy	"Government by God" (in reality this means government by religious leaders) 神制
Dictatorship	Government by people, that have seized power by force (often: military dictatorship) 独裁(专)制

Today, the majority of democratic countries in the world are republics, i.e. officials are elected. Some well-established democratic countries in Europe, however, (the United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg and the Scandinavian countries) are constitutional monarchies, i.e. a king or queen is head of state while the constitution guarantees nevertheless all basic rights as in any democratic republic and sets clear limits to duties and competences of the monarch. Such a king can be regarded as a stabilizing factor rather than as a danger for a democracy. Therefore the classical definition of democracy is little helpful - at least concerning monarchy.

http://www.democracy-building.info/definition-democracy.html


这里没有提中国近代创造出来并尝试过的 人民民主政权, 中国传统的君主制和西方社会主义民主制度相结合的体制, 甚至没有提东欧和苏联曾经的社会主义制度?

现今流行的 民主 下的 资本主义, 是民主思想到法律领导下的, 以资本作参照, 作尺度, 作杠杆来运作的人类生活和工作的社会制度。

社会主义民主, 则是社会主义原则法规允许下的, 原则上还是由人民当家作主, 最大限度地享受自由的社会制度。The "majority rule" 咱也搞过呀: 少数服从嗍? 全党服从中央。

其实中国的Monarchy君主制, 也是西方不曾认知和了解的, beyond 西方世界的comprehension, 会比西方任何一个都更深远, 更全面和俱道(把上面的各种制度作为elements, 然后加起来, 可能还差不多), 囊括了从社会生活, 到思想教育, 甚至文化的各个层面和领域。可 never 简单化地由一个 King or Queen 说了就算的。Shoud be 封建feudalism君主制度吧?

这样看来, 在中国的土地和文化上 run 所谓的社会主义制度, 也并非偶然了? 既然 社会 是一个中间地段 至少依顺了 中国和中国人民 喜 中庸, 好 平衡 的传统了吧?
可是 社会主义 之所以 run 不常, 搞不稳定的问题, 也正好是 lay 在 '抓' 中间的毛病上。有时变成了 '''只会抓中间''' '抓大多数' , 上下搞砍杀, 就更加恐怖了! 

因为当没有了上至天, 下到地的边界范围和适合条件的定义, 中间, 其实反而变成了就算不是完全无解, 那也得不幸地被伦落在异常的不稳定状态里面, A '天翻地覆' 的无常之中了。

ALL Because Chinese Stomach IS Right In the Middle??


就象任何制度都是在当时的历史时刻胜出于, 左着(或者右着), 先前或者对手制度, whether 打擂台 or 唱对台戏, 而涌现出来的, Democracy 民主制度当然也不例外。为着反对 power, seperate 肢解权势而来。说问得更直接更难听一些, 是为 '怕''躲''砸' 权力而来的吗? 是不是也是天生的一帖狗皮膏药呀? 没病的时候也就不需要了吧?

中国骂西方民主虚伪, 也有它的道理, 那是当民主不得不和金钱(资本主义)结婚的时候。你一手民主, 那就该是共富同贫,同舟共济,平等自由博爱了吧? 可为什么另一只手又死命地抓着大钱不放? 难道钱不也是一种power权势吗? 咱能跟大钱来民主一番嘛?

没成想, 哈哈, when philosophers defined the essential elements of democracy: separation of powers, basic civil rights / human rights, religious liberty and separation of church and state. http://www.democracy-building.info/definition-democracy.html , 民主 本身是不是就成了也可以调用access各种power, 的另外一种 独立于上至宗教, 下到 civil rights' practice (service), which is everyone's daily life 的 软权势 了呐? 跟什么不能结合? '钱'自然也可以不例外呀。

'钱' 跟社会主义制度里的power相结合, 就成了社会主义(官僚)资本了吗?

What can be better than 上有健康的精神文明, 下有人民群众的生活幸福, 中有国家的繁荣富强呀?

While, can't complain them too much, can't we? 对自己没有的, 当然定义不出来, 勉强与自己有限的经历做比较, 用自己 limited knowledge 去认识, 自然难免出偏, 片面。

同样文化背景, or 类似指标环境里的, 比较容易看得更准, 看得更加全面。有的时候, 自己属于吃几碗饭的量级, 最高能蹦达到哪里, easily 就成了一目了然, 光天化日之下的事情。

中国自己的事情, better and best 由自己来做, 自己来承担, there's no easy way out by copying or by being simply subordinating to others.

在中国, 有史以来, the BlueLine 的选拔, 能称作, 知识民主 吗? 应该是通过 "科举制度" 来实现的吧? 知识面前人人平等, as if 西方的 '法律面前人人平等' 吧? 教育 is more approachable and workable than '法律' (too much of a way of bottom-line approaching for Chinese?) .



* This Article Ended Up 脏 乱 差 一些, 大家也就只能 将就将就 了。