Consonant with its responsibilities under Chapter 61 of the Texas Education Code and rules promulgated pursuant thereto, the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board annually reviews the institutions included on this list.
"Fraudulent or substandard degree" means a degree conferred in Texas in violation of the Texas Education Code; conferred in another state in violation of that state's laws; conferred in another state by an institution that was not accredited by an accreditor recognized by the Coordinating Board and that has not been approved by the Coordinating Board for its degrees to be used in Texas; or conferred outside the United States by an institution that the Coordinating Board determines is not the equivalent of an accredited or authorized degree. (Texas Educational Code, Chapter 61, Section 61.302)
The Texas Penal Code (Section 32.52) prohibits the use of fraudulent or substandard degrees "in a written or oral advertisement or other promotion of a business; or with the intent to: obtain employment; obtain a license or certificate to practice a trade, profession, or occupation; obtain a promotion, a compensation or other benefit, or an increase in compensation or other benefit, in employment or in the practice of a trade, profession, or occupation; obtain admission to an educational program in this state; or gain a position in government with authority over another person, regardless of whether the actor receives compensation for the position." Violation of this law is a Class B misdemeanor.
Name | Location | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Abba Institute | Uvalde, San Antonio, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. In 1998, awarded Doctor of naturopathy degrees. |
Académie Européene d'Informatisation World Information Distributed University | Belgium | The Belgian government has referred to the entity as a diploma mill and has confirmed that this entity has no authority to issue degrees. It appears to be linked with a similar entity in Russia. |
Academy for Contemporary Research | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Academy of Healing Arts | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Academy of Natural Therapies | Hawaii; California; Wyoming; Montana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order in Hawaii on 3/19/2003. Relocated to CA, then to either WY or MT. |
Academy of Religious & Spiritual Studies | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Adam Smith University | Liberia; Saipan | No degree-granting authority from Liberia or Saipan. |
Adams and Washington University, King College of Professional Studies | England | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Addison State University | Ontario | No degree-granting authority from Ontario. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
Adjunct College | Canyon, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims to be branch campus of the fraudulent Warnborough University. |
Advanced Education Trust | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Advanced Learning Network | Vermont | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No Vermont authority to grant degrees. |
Akamai University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Al Qasim University | Pakistan | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Albert University | Delaware | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Alexandria University | Nevada | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Presence on the Internet only. |
All Saints American University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Almeda College (University) | Florida; Idaho | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by legal action in Florida. |
Ambai University | Massachusetts | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Has no degree-granting authority in Massachusetts. |
Ambassador University Corporation | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims accreditation by apostille; apostilles are not accreditation indicators. See Frequently Asked Questions for more information on apostilles.It has no affiliation to Ambassador University in Big Sandy, Texas which was an accredited institution before it closed in 1997. | |
American Capital University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
American Central University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
American City University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
American Coastline University | Hawaii; New York; California; Russia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Has a Los Angeles mail-forwarding address. No degree-granting authority from Russia, as claimed. |
American College of Health Science | Austin, Texas | See College of Life Science. |
American Columbus University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
American Global University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
American Independent International University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
American Institute of Management Studies | Hawaii; Indonesia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order in Hawaii on 8/6/2002. |
American International University of Management and Technology | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 7/22/2002. |
American National University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Incorporated in HI, but operated from CA. HI dissoved corporation on 12/5/2002. |
American Pac-West International University | See Pacific Western University. | |
American Pacific University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
American State University | Hawaii | AKA Hamilton University. See Hamilton University. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
American States College | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI on 4/15/2004. |
American University for Humanities | See American University of Hawaii. | |
American University of Asturias | Spain | No degree-granting authority from Spain. Closed by Spanish authorities. |
American University of Hawaii | Republic of Georgia; Hawaii; Mississippi; India; Lebanon; Armenia; & other nations | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Operates in the Republic of Georgia as American University for Humanities. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
American University of London | Houston, Texas; Nevis; United Kindom; Sri Lanka | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Incorporated in Nevis. |
American World University | Hawaii; Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI on 2/12/2004. |
Americana University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Americus University | Washington DC | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Ameritech University | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. |
Amstead University | New Mexico | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Anacrusis Institute | Greece; United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from Greece or the United Kingdom. Greece does not recognize private degree suppliers. Related to the American University of London. |
Anderson University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Anglo American University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Incorporated in HI, but operated in CA. Closed in HI by court order. |
Ashford University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). Not to be confused with the legitimate Ashford University in Iowa (the former Franciscan University). | |
Ashington University | British Virgin Islands; Louisiana | No degree-granting authority from the British Virgin Islands. |
Ashwood University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Athenaeum U | Panama; United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from Panama or the United Kingdom. Panamanian incorporation does not confer degree authority. |
Atlantic International University | Hawaii; Florida | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Azaliah | New Mexico; South Africa; Asia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Bangalore Inst of Science, Tech. and Mgt | India | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Barrington University | Alabama | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Belford University | Houston, Texas; Pakistan; United Arab Emirates | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Under investigation by the AG for operating from a mail forwarding service in Houston. Diplomas mailed from the UAE. Previously had a presence in NV or AZ. |
Benjamin Franklin Institute of Global Education | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Berne University | Pennsylvania; St. Kitts; Virginia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Approval revoked by St. Kitts, February 2006. |
Bienville University | Louisiana; Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by state action in LA. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Bircham International University | United Kingdom; Spain; Bahamas | No degree-granting authority from Spain (AACRAO evaluation). |
Blackstone University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Brantridge University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Has ceased operations. |
Breyer State University | Alabama; Idaho | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
Bridgewater University | United Kingdom; Seychelles | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom or Seychelles. |
Brighton University | Missouri; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in HI on 12/31/2002. |
Britain College of Management and Science | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
British American Business Institute | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Bronte International University | Caribbean; Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Formerly known as Trinity College and University. |
Business and Computer University College | Lebanon | No degree-granting authority from Lebanon. May be branch of the unaccredited American University of Hawaii. |
Buxton University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
C & E American University Institute | Lebanon | No degree-granting authority from Lebanon. |
Cal Southern University | Houston, Texas; Niue | No degree-granting authority from the CB no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. It claims to be located in the Caribbean. Not to be confused with the unaccredited but California State approved California Southern University in Santa Anna, California known prior to October 2007 as Southern California University for Professional Studies or the regionally accredited University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. |
Calamus International University | British West Indies | No degree-granting authority from any government in the British West Indies. |
California Miramar University | Formerly Pacific Western University. See Pacific Western University. | |
California Pacific University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Cambridge International University | South Africa | No degree-granting authority from South Africa. |
Cambridge State University | Hawaii; Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. Closed by HI court. HI assessed a $25,000 civil penalty. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Canbourne University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Canyon College | Idaho | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Capital American University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Carrington University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Center College of Executive & Professional Development | India | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Center of University Studies Graduate College | See Degree.com. | |
Center State University of Executive & Professional Development | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
Central Pacific University | Hawaii; Delaware; Dubai | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Has ceased operations in Hawaii but may still be active as a Delaware corporation owned from Dubai. |
Central State University | California; Canada | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from Canada. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
Century University | New Mexico | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
CETEC University | Santo Domingo | Closed. Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 5/19/83. |
Chadwick University | Alabama | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Chase University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Chelsea University | United Kingdom | The Higher Education Governance and Health Professions Team Department for Education and Skills reports: "It has never been recognised as a university with UK degree awarding powers. |
Christian Leadership University | New York | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
CIFAS University | Santo Domingo | Closed. Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 11/16/84. Disapproved by the Medical Licensing Board of Indiana as of 10/18/1984. |
City University of L.A. | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Clayton College of Natural Health | Alabama | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Clayton University | Hong Kong; Missouri; India; Nigeria | No accreditation from a CB recognised accreditor. No degree-granting authority from China. It is not clear if this entity is a continuation of the unaccredited Missouri institution, but it claims to be. Claims to be affiliated with institutions in India, China, and Nigeria, but it has no degree-granting authority from those countries. |
Clermont College of Business | Montana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Appears to be offshoot of Prescott College, closed by Hawaii. |
College of Life Science | Austin, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Offered Doctor of Natural Hygiene degrees by correspondence, declined to apply for a certificate of authority. On 8/15/1986, the institution and its owner, Mr. T. C. Fry, were permanently enjoined from violating Texas law. |
College of Medical & Health Sciences | St. Lucia | |
Colony University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Colorado University of Naturopathic Medicine | Spain; British Virgin Islands | No degree-granting authority from Spain or the British Virgin Islands. |
Columbia Commonwealth University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Columbia Pacific University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Columbia State University | Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. Not a state-supported university as implied by the name. |
Columbus University | Louisiana; Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by state action in Louisiana. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Commonwealth Open University | Virgin Islands | No degree-granting authority from any government in the Virgin Islands. |
Communion of Saints Seminary | Oregon | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Oregon reports this institution is operating illegally and its degrees are invalid for use in Oregon. |
Concordia Ivy College | Hawaii; Taiwan | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Concordia University | Virgin Islands; Spain; Dominica; Liberia; Indonesia | No degree-granting authority from Spain, Dominica; Liberia; Indonesia, or any government in the Virgin Islands. Not to be confused with the various legitimate institutions using the term "Concordia." |
Continuing Career Institute | Dallas, Texas | This entity and Samuel Barnett Haynes, its director, were enjoined from violating TX law on 12/10/1981 by the TX AG. They issued 7 diplomas which counterfeited a legitimate Texas university's degrees. |
Cosmopolitan Univ | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Formerly located in MO; current location unknown. | |
Cranston University | Singapore; Nevada? | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Internet-based only. |
Crown Church College & University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Culture University | Hawaii | See University of Honolulu |
Degree.com | San Antonio, Texas; Florida; Mexico | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from Mexico. DBA Monterrey Institute of Graduate Studies and as the Center for University Studies Graduate School. |
Del Sur Christian College | San Antonio, Texas | See National Christian University. |
Diamond Head University | See IOND University. | |
Donsbach University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Dream Institute, The | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Dublin Metropolitan University | Ireland | No degree-granting authority from Ireland. |
Earlscroft University | United Kingdom, Commonwealth, Seychelles | No degree-granting authority from The United Kingdom, and British Commonwealth government, or Seychelles. |
Earthnet Institute | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in Hawaii by court order in 2005. |
East Point University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Eastern Caribbean University | Smithville, Texas; St. Kitts | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. St. Kitts location consisted of a post office box. Entity was run from a private residence in Texas. Offered degrees based on fictitious degree requirements and fictititous disciplines, most notably master's degrees were offered in "Classical Studies" which actually was the study of any "classic" TV or movies series such as "I Love Lucy" or the James Bond movies. Closed by action of the CB. |
Eden University | See University of Honolulu. | |
Edenvale University | Dallas, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No contact information is given on this entity's website, one of the warning signs an entity may offer fraudulent or substandard degrees, but the entity returns inquiries to its website from Dallas, Texas, a violation of Texas law. |
Edison University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not to be confused with the accredited Thomas Edison University in New Jersey. | |
Ellington University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Esoteric Theological Seminary | Granbury, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. AKA University of Esoterica. |
Euclid University | Belgium; Pakistan; Central African Republic; Chad | No degree-granting authority from Belgium. Operates from Belgium, headquartered in Pakistan. |
European College of Medicine | United Kingdom | Division of St Luke College of Medicine. |
European Graduate School | New York; Switzerland | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Holds Swiss canton approval, which is not recognized as a legitimizing factor by Swiss universities. |
European University of Ireland | Ireland | No degree-granting authority from Ireland. |
Fairfax University | Louisiana; Montana; South Dakota; United Kingdom | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Fairmont International University | New name of Preston University. See Preston University. | |
Farington University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Fort Young University | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. |
Foundation University | The Netherlands | No degree-granting authority from The Netherlands. |
Frederick Taylor International University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Friends International Christian University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI on 8/26/2002. |
Glencullen University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Glenford University | Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by state action. |
Golden Pacific University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI on 8/26/2002. |
Golden State University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Name changed to Honolulu University of the Arts Sciences & Humanities. |
Greenleaf University | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Degrees banned for use in Sweden. |
Greenwich University | Hawaii; Norfolk Island; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by Australian government. |
Halifax University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Hamilton University | Wyoming; Hawaii; The Bahamas | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Operated in HI as American State University. Relocated to WY as Hamilton University. Changed name to Richardson University. |
Hampton Bay University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Hampton College | Nevada | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not to be confused with the legitimate Hampton University in Virginia. |
Harrington University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Closed by the British government. Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). |
Hartford University | Vanatu | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims of Minnesota location are false. Apparently licensed on island of Vanatu in South Pacific. |
Hartland University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Hartley University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Hawaii American University | Hawaii; California; China | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 7/1/2002. |
Hawaii College of Pharmacy | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Hawaii IOND University | See IOND University. | |
Heed University | Wisconsin; Florida; Caribbean | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Holos University | Missouri; Norfolk Island; South Dakota | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Honolulu University | Hawaii | See University of Honolulu. |
Honolulu University of the Arts Sciences & Humanities | Hawaii | See Golden State University. |
Honolulu USA | See University of Honolulu USA. | |
Illawarra College | New Hampshire; Virginia; Australia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from New Hampshire, Virginia, or Australia. |
Institute for Creative Process | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Institute for Human Dynamics | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Institute for Science in Mind | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Institute of Executive & Professional Development | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. |
Institute of New Media & Technology | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
InTech University | Liberia | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
InterAmerican University | New York; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not to be confused with the accredited InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico. |
Intermountain Institute of Natural Health | Idaho | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Is linked to the St. Luke School of Medicine operation. |
International East-West University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court on 1/20/2004. |
International Graduate Center | Vermont; St. Croix, US Virgin Islands | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
International MBS | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. |
International Mid Pac College | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
International Organization for Nontraditional Distance Education | Longer version of the name of IOND University. See IOND University. | |
International TESOL College | Mexico; Houston, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Located in Mexico, but claims to be located in Houston. Falsely claims to have approval from the state of Texas. |
International Theological University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
International University | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
International University for Graduate Studies | New York; St. Kitts | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
International University of Professional Studies | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
IOND University | Hawaii; Japan; Phillippines | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. AKA Diamond Head University. AKA Hawaii IOND University. Its website misleadingly claims the institution is "identical to U.S. Harvard University, the oldest university in America," a claim related only to its tax exempt status and not to educational quality. Claims to be approved by the Philippines, though that appears to consist of a claim of affiliation with some Philippine universities, which does not constitute approval to operate. Oregon reports the University of Lotz, Poland, denies it has an affiliation with this entity as claimed by IOND. |
Irish International University | Malaysia; Cambodia; Kenya; United Kingdom; Switzerland; Seborga; Ireland | The Irish government has requested that Malaysia close this entity on grounds that it is neither Irish nor a university. Claims to be located in Ireland but has no degree-granting authority from Ireland. Claims to be accredited by the Old Principality of Seborga, which has not demonstrated it has authority to issue degree-granting. Oregon reports that this entity has received a business license from a Swiss canton, which does not denote approval of the entity as a provider of degrees in Switzerland. Also offers degrees from sites in Cambodia, Kenya, and the United Kingdom. |
Irish University Business School | Ireland | No degree-granting authority from Ireland. |
James Cook Medical School | San Antonio, Texas; Cook Islands | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Approved by the Cook Islands in 1999, but approval was removed in 2004. |
James Monroe University | Liberia, operated from Washington, Idaho and Arizona. | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
John Thomas | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Kalinga University | India | No degree-granting authority in India. Not to be confused with the legitimate Kalinga of the Phillippines. |
Kennedy-Western University | California; Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Name changing to Warren National University. |
Kensington University | Hawaii, California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Kent College | Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Kingdom College of Natural Health | Louisiana; Wyoming; Guam; Russia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Kingsfield University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Knightsbridge University | Denmark | No degree-granting authority in Denmark. |
LaCrosse University | Mississippi; Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by LA Board of Regents for failure to gain accreditation. Moved to MS. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Lamberhurst University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Lambert University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Formerly Newport Asia Pacific University. |
Landsfield University | Seychelles | No degree-granting authority from Seychelles. |
LaSalle University | Louisiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed. Not to be confused with the legitimate LaSalle University in Pennsylvania. |
Laureate University | United Kingdom?; Canada? | No degree-granting authority from any government. Not to be confused with Laureate Education, Inc., which operates the regionally accredited Walden University. |
Leibniz | New Mexico; Italy | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Leugenia University | South Carolina | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from South Carolina. |
Lexington University | online; Nevada? | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Lincoln International University, Inc. | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Lincoln University | New Mexico; Italy | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Logos Bible College | Fort Worth, El Paso, Texas; Florida | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Offered degrees without a certificate of authority. |
London College of Technology | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Madison University | Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Manhattan University | Hawaii; British Columbia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in HI by court order. |
Marlborough University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Medical College of London | United Kingdom; Montserrat | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Montserrat approval invalid without UK approval. |
Medical University of the Americas | Belize | Oregon reports this entity does not meet its standards for foreign degrees. |
Midwest Missouri University | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Does not exist as a degree-granting entity under Missouri law. |
Midwestern University | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not to be confused with the legitimate Midwestern University in Illinois or Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Missouri. |
Miranda International University | Tennesee, Washington, Seborga (Italy) | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Monterrey Institute of Graduate Studies | San Antonio, Texas | See Degree.com. |
Monticello University | Kansas; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in HI by court order. |
Myers College Online | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims to be located in the United States, but its website lists no location. Claims accreditation with the unrecognized International Distance Learning Accrediting Association and the unrecognized The Regional Education Accreditation Commission. Not to be confused with the legitimate Myers University, Cleveland OH. | |
Nation State University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Nation University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
National Christian University | San Antonio, Dallas, Arlington, Garland, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Assessed administrative penalties for violation of TX law. |
National University of America | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court on 1/3/2004. |
New Manhattan University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Newport Asia Pacific University | Renamed Lambert University. See Lambert University. | |
Newport University | Hawaii; Lebanon | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Newton University | British Columbia; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Nobel University | South Korea | No degree-granting authority from South Korea. |
North United University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Northwestern International University, Ltd. | Cyprus; Denmark | No degree-granting authority from Cyprus or Denmark. |
Novus University | Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
Oaklands University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Contact is in the United Kingdom; other locations are unknown. |
Open University of America | Puerto Rico | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Open University of Lincoln | Nebraska | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Fictitious entity. |
Oxford International University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Not to be confused with the legitimate Oxford University in England. |
Pacific Basin University School of Medicine | El Paso, Texas; New Mexico; Mexico | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Offers courses in Juarez, Mexico & has PO Box in NM. Claims to be approved to operate a medical school in Micronesia, however it has no presence in that country. |
Pacific Coast University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Pacific Southern University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Pacific Western University | Hawaii; China; Hong Kong | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. AKA PacWest International University. AKA American Pac-West International University. It is unclear if this entity is connected to the California entity with the same name. |
Pacific Western University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. It is unclear if this entity is connected to the Hawaii, China, & Hong Kong entity with the same name. |
Pacific Yale Univesity | Hawaii; California; South Korea | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. AKA Pylon University. |
Panama Canal University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
PanAmerican University | Liberia | No degree-granting authority from Liberia. |
Paramount University of Technology | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Parkwood University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Pebble Hills University | Italy; Australia | Claimed degree-granting authority from subnational entities (Seborga in Italy & Hutt River Province in Australia) is not recognized as legitimate legal authorization. |
Personal Therapy Institute | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Pickering University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
Port Rhode University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Prescott College of Business and Leadership Studies | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in HI by court order. |
Preston University | Alabama; Wyoming; Pakistan; Dubai; The Netherlands | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. DBA, or connected with, Universiteit Preston Russel Hobbes in the Netherlands. No degree-granting authority from The Netherlands. Name changed to Fairmont International University. |
Prixo Southern University | See Trinity Southern University. | |
Pylon University | See Pacific Yale University. | |
Randford University | District of Columbia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims accreditation from the unrecognized National College Accreditation Council. Oregon reports an institution by this name with locations in Florida and Virginia, which may be the same institution. |
Redding University | United States? | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Awards entire degrees based on life experience & claims accreditation from an unrecognized body. |
Richardson University | AKA Hamilton University. See Hamilton University. | |
Robert Kennedy University | Switzerland | No longer issues degrees under its own name. Holds Swiss canton approval, which is not recognized as a legitimizing factor by Swiss universities. Not to be confused with the non degree granting Robert Kennedy College which does not award degrees. |
Robert de Sorbon | Maine; Florida; France; Switzerland; Comoro Islands | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from France, Switzerland, or the Comoro Islands. AKA several similar names including "U Francophone" and "Ecole Superior" |
Robertstown University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Rochelle University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Probably related to Rochville University. Not the same as the legitimate College of New Rochelle in New York or University de la Rochelle in France. | |
Rochville University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Rocklands University | Probably United Kingdom but operator may be in US | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Romano Byzantine | Minnesota; Virginia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Appears to be reincarnation of the fraudulent Notre Dame de Lafayette. |
Rushmore University | Cayman Islands; Georgia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. The Cayman Islands has no equivalent to US accreditation. |
Rutherford University | Wyoming | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Formerly Stratford International University. |
Sacramento Regent University | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from California. |
Saint Augustin University | Florida | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
San Francisco International University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court on 11/9/2006. No degree-granting authority from California. |
Scarsdale University | California; United Kingdom | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from California or from the UK. |
Shaftesbury University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Shelbourne University | Pennsylvania | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Shepperton University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Solsbury University | Ontario | According to the Ontario government, "Solsbury University does not have the authority to offer degrees, programs leading to a degree or to call itself a university in Ontario." |
South Atlantic University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
South Pacific University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court on7/24/2002. |
Southern California Polytechnic University | Hawaii; California; Nevada; China | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. In Nevada, AKA Southwest International University. AKA Trinity College of Science and Mangement of Soutwest International University. |
Southern Graduate Institute | Kentucky | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Naturopathy school connected to St. Luke School of Medicine. See St. Luke School of Medicine. |
Southern Pacific University | Malaysia; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed in HI by court order. Apparently now operating in Malaysia. |
Southwest International University | New York | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Southwest International University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court on 10/26/2005. |
Southwest International University, Nevada | See Southern California Polytecnic University. | |
Spartan Health Sciences University, School of Medicine | El Paso, Texas; New Mexico; Mexico; St. Lucia | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. On 12/4/1986, enjoined from violating Texas law & assessed $6,000 in attorney’s fees. On 8/28/1997, cited for contempt of court & paid fines of $10,000 & attorney’s fees of $10,000. AKA Spartan University of Health Sciences. AKA St. Lucia Health Sciences University. Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training 06-13-85. Disapproved by the Medical Licensing Board of Indiana as of 10/18/1984. |
Spartan University of Health Sciences | See Spartan Health Sciences University. | |
St. Augustine School of Medical Assistants | Georgia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Internet-based only. |
St. Augustine University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
St. Christopher's College of Medicine | Senegal; United Kingdom | Suspended by the British medical licensing authority in November 2005. |
St. Clements University | Australia; Turks & Caicos Islands; Niue; Botswana, Ghana, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claimed accreditation from the unrecognized World Association of Universities and Colleges. AKA Australian Tertiary Education Services Pty Ltd. Claimed its main office was in Adelaide, Australia until it was contacted by the South Australian Accreditation and Registration Council. No degree-granting authority from Australia. |
St. George University International, School of Veterinary Medicine | St. Kitts | |
St. John's University College of Medicine | Montserrat | Closed by court order. |
St. Lourdes University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
St. Lucia College of Medicine | St. Lucia | Closed by St. Lucia after only 6 months of operations. |
St. Lucia Health Sciences University | See Spartan Health Sciences University. | |
St. Luke School of Medicine | California; Kentucky; Ghana; Liberia | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claimed authority to operate from Liberia and Ghana. Disowned by Liberian government in 2005. DBA, or connected with, Southern Medical Institute, KY. |
St. Mary's College of Medicine | Hawaii | See St. Mary's School of Medicine. |
St. Mary's School of Medicine | El Paso, Texas; Hawaii; Cook Islands | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Operated in various locations in the United States. Incorporated in the Cook Islands. Closed in HI by court order. |
St. Mary's School of Medicine of the South Pacific | DBA St. Mary's School of Medicine. See St. Mary's School of Medicine. | |
St. Matthew's University | Florida; New York; Maine; Grand Cayman | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Headquartered in Florida & has locations in Florida, New York, Maine, & Grand Cayman. Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 2/18/05. Disapproved by the Medical Licensing Board of Indiana as of 12/05/2002. |
St. Regis University | Washington; Idaho; Dominica; Liberia; Washington D.C. | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Sold degrees and high school diplomas through the Internet. Primary location in WA; other locations in ID & AZ. Principals indicted for violations of federal law. |
St. Renoir University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
St. Thomas Institute | India | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
Standford University | Dallas, Texas; Florida | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Claims to be located in Dallas, but address information is fraudulent. Not to be confused with the legitimate Stanford University in California. |
Stanley State University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Stanton University | Round Mountain, Marble Falls, Texas; Hawaii; Louisiana; Missouri; South Dakota | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. This entity's mail drop in Hawaii closed by court order. Incorporated in MO, LA, SD, & HI. |
Stefan International University, Inc. | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Stensan International Univ | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Strassford University | United Kingdom | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Lists London telephone number & fraudulent London address; actual location is unknown. |
Success Seminary | Oregon | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Oregon reports this institution is operating illegally and its degrees are invalid for use in Oregon. |
Suffield University | Connecticut | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Operating illegally in Connecticut. |
Summerset University | United Kingdom | Appears to be a new version of the "University Degree Program." See University Degree Program (1) & (2). No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Summit University | See Summit University of Louisiana. | |
Summit University of Louisiana | Austin, Texas; Louisiana | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Located a recruiting center, run by one of its many "provosts," in Austin without authority. |
Synergystics | New York | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. May be connected to the St. Regis University scam. |
Tecana International Universita | No degree-granting authority from any government. | |
Templeton University | Singapore; Nevada? | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. No degree-granting authority from Singapore. Internet-based only. |
Texas Christian Bible University | Crowley, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Internet-based entity offering degrees for life experience in whatever subject desired for a "donation" of $200. Closed by action of the CB. |
Thomas Jefferson University | AKA Montecello University. See Montecello University. | |
Thornewood University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Thornhill University | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
Trident University of Technology | Singapore | No degree-granting authority from Singapore. Denied approval by Wisconsin. Falsely claimed to be legally authorized by New Jersey. |
Trinity College and University | South Dakota | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. May have moved to Canada or Caribbean. Note that many institutions, some legitimate, use the term "Trinity" as part of their name. |
Trinity College of Natural Health | Indiana | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Awards Doctor of Naturopathy for correspondence courses. |
Trinity College of Science & Management of Southwest International University | See Southern California Polytechnic University. | |
Trinity Southern University | Dallas, Frisco, Texas; Florida | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Internet operation of Craig Barton Poe and Alton Scott Poe which sold fraudulent degrees. Most noted for selling an MBA to Colby, a cat owned by a PA Assistant Attorney General investigating other activities of the Poes. Purchasers would order and pay for a degree and the brothers would issue fraudulent diplomas and transcripts containing coursework alleged to have been taken by the purchaser, but which had not. The entity also operated a Spanish language version of the operation under the name "Prixo Southern University" which claimed to be in Miami, FL. The Poes changed the name of the entity to "Wesleyan International University" just prior to the operation being closed down by the TX Attorney General. On March 17, 2005, the Poes were permanently enjoined from violating state law. Craig Poe was assessed attorney’s fees and other expenses of $16,000 and Alton Poe was assessed administrative penalties of $100,000. |
United Pacific University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
United States Open University | Hawaii; California; South Dakota | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 3/25/2004. |
Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos (UNIREMHOS) | Dominican Republic | Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 11/1/96. |
Universidad Federico Henriquez y Carvajal | Dominican Republic | Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 7/31/98. |
Universiteit Russell Hobbes | The Netherlands? | No degree-granting authority from the Netherlands. AKA Universiteit Preston Russel Hobbes. DBA, or connected with, Preston University. See Preston University. |
University of Honolulu | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
University College for Advanced Studies | India | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. |
University de la Romande | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Appears to be closed. |
University Degree Program (1) | Romania; Israel; Cyprus; Ireland; United Kingdom; United States | Internet scam that offered "prestigious, unaccredited degrees" via Internet spam. Individuals purchased the degree, a transcript with courses they had never taken, & could add honors for an additional fee. |
University Degree Program (2) | Mimics scam of University Degree Program (1) by offering degrees via Internet spam. Telephone number located in WA, but no presence in that state. | |
University for Integrative Learning | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
University of Advanced Research | California; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Hawaii operation has been closed by court order. |
University of Berkley | Pennsylvania | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
University of Central Europe | Mississippi | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. MS Commission on College Accreditation reports the institution is a "non-approved" entity. |
University of Devonshire | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
University of Doncaster | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
University of Dorchester | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
University of Dunham | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
University of East-West Alternative Medicine | Hawaii; South Korea | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 12/9/2003. |
University of Ecoforum for Peace | Hawaii; Switzerland; Belgium | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Holds Swiss canton approval, which is not recognized as a legitimizing factor by Swiss universities. |
University of Esoterica | See Esoteric Theological Seminary. | |
University of Health Science | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
University of Health Sciences Antigua | Antigua | Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 7/28/98. Disapproved by the Medical Licensing Board of Indiana as of 12/05/2002. |
University of Honolulu | Hawaii; China | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 3/31/2003. AKA Culture University, closed by HI court order on 4/9/2003. AKA Eden University, closed by HI court order on 3/18/2003. |
University of Honolulu USA | Houston, Texas; Utah; Thailand; Pakistan | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Office appears to be located in Utah. No link to Hawaii. |
University of Natural Medicine | New Mexico | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
University of New Castle | Oregon; Ireland; south Pacific islands | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. AKA University of Newcastle. Oregon reports this institution is operating illegally and its degrees are invalid for use in Oregon. |
University of Northern Washington | British Columbia?; Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by court order. |
University of NorthWest | Wyoming; Louisiana; Pakistan; India; New Jersey | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
University of Palmers Green | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Closed by the British government. Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
University of Ravenhurst | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
University of San Moritz | United Kingdom; Cyprus | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. |
University of Santa Barbara | California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not to be confused with the legitimate University of California-Santa Barbara. |
University of the Holy Land | Israel; Oregon? | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Not recognized as a university by Israeli higher education office. No degree-granting authority from Oregon. |
University of Wexford | United Kingdom | No degree-granting authority from the United Kingdom. Closed by the British government. |
USA International University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order. |
UTESA University | Santo Domingo | Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 7/13/85; reaffirmed 2/7/97. |
Valde University | Illinois | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Van Ives University | Fictitious name used by the St. Regis University scam. See St. Regis University. | |
Vancouver University Worldwide | British Columbia | No degree-granting authority from British Columbia. |
Vernell University | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. | |
Warnborough University | Canyon, Texas; United Kingdom; Ireland | See Adjunct College. No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Also has operated in Washington, the United Kingdom, Ireland, & Washington DC. Claims to be a consortium of institutions with authority derived from those institutions, though the member institutions have no degree authority & claim theirs from Warnborough. |
Washington American Open University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed by HI court order on 12/31/2004. |
Washington International University | British Virgin Islands | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. British Virgin Islands does not have postsecondary oversight capability. |
Washington School of Theology | Oregon | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Oregon reports this institution is operating illegally and its degrees are invalid for use in Oregon. |
Wesleyan International University | See Trinity Southern University. | |
West Clayton University | Fictitious name used by the Belford University scam. See Belford University. | |
West Coast University | Panama; Australia; United Kingdom | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. This name is used by multiple unaccredited entities. The extent to which they are related is unknown, but more than one operator is suspected. Not the same as the accredited Health Sciences school by the same name in California. |
Westbourne University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Westbrook University | New Mexico; New York; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Western States University | Austin, Texas | No degree-granting authority from the CB & no accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. May be related to Western States University of Professional Studies, Doniphan, MO. |
Western States University for Professional Studies | Missouri | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. |
Westhampton University | Fictitious name used by the University Degree Program scam. See University Degree Program (1). | |
Westmore University | Singapore | No degree-granting authority from Singapore. Also DBA Westmore College. |
Wilson State University, Inc. | Hawaii; New Jersey | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed. |
Wittfield University | Hawaii | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. Closed. |
World Information Distributed University | Russia; Belgium; Switzerland | No degree-granting authority from Russia, Belgium, or Switzerland. |
World University | Santo Domingo | Closed. Disapproved by the California Medical Board for licensure or training on 12/1/89. |
YUIN/American University | Hawaii; California | No accreditation from a CB recognized accreditor. School operated from CA. |