三分之一的乳腺癌可预防

常听到医生建议人到40岁后，至少两年要做一次mammogram screenings，我想家族好像也没有这个历史（总是从基因上考虑），所以对每年的常规检查虽然很重视，但也总是提醒自己注意日常饮食，注意锻炼身体。

刚巧今天看到这个题目，不仅有点得意。常规检查不可少，但人更要注意自己的日常生活。人只有健康，才可能快乐。


简单翻译(不好意思，我的一些朋友英语不是特别好）：

三分之一的乳腺癌可预防

巴塞罗纳－西班牙报道       在西方，如果妇女少吃多动，1／3的乳腺癌病例是可以避免的。星期四的乳腺癌会议上，研究人员又旧话重提这个敏感议题。

专家指出，早期确诊、乳房X线扫描检查和更好的治疗，已经大大减少了乳腺癌的发病率，现在的重心应该转向改变人的行为诸如饮食和身体锻炼上。很多发现表明，人的生活习惯（如吸烟、饮食、锻炼、日晒等）对癌症发病率有重大影响。

乳房X线扫描检查已经尽期所能，现在我们该更推一步。米兰大学教授Carlo如此说。

人们以为是否得乳腺癌，更取决于她们的基因，而不是她们的生活方式，这是错误的。基因存在已经千年，如果癌症率会在一段时间变化，那么这应该与基因无关。哈佛大学癌症专家Michelle如此说。

乳腺癌是妇女常见病之一。在欧洲，2008一年中， 有421,000新病例，有90,000死亡个案。美国去年则有190,000 新例，40,000死亡个案。

一个妇女在其一生中得乳腺癌的概率是1：8。2006年，英国研究人员发现，肥胖妇女得此病的概率比正常体重的妇女要高出60％。

女性荷尔蒙是很多乳腺癌发病诱因，而这种荷尔蒙正是由一种脂肪组织产生。因此，专家推断女人越胖，女性荷尔蒙可能越多，并由此诱发乳腺癌。即使女人很瘦，锻炼也有助于把脂肪转成肌肉，从而减低癌症发病的危险。

One-third of breast cancer may be avoidable

By MARIA CHENG

AP Medical Writer

BARCELONA, Spain - Up to a third of breast cancer cases in Western countries could be avoided if women ate less and exercised more, researchers at a breast cancer conference said Thursday, renewing debate on a sensitive topic.

While better treatments, early diagnosis and mammogram screenings have dramatically slowed the disease, experts said the focus should now shift to changing behaviors like diet and physical activity. The comments added to a series of findings that lifestyle changes in areas such as smoking, eating, exercise, and sun exposure can have a significant effect on all sorts of cancer rates.

“What can be achieved with screening has been achieved. We can’t do much more,” Carlo La Vecchia, head of epidemiology at the University of Milan, told The Associated Press. “It’s time to move onto other things.”La Vecchia spoke Thursday on the influence of lifestyle factors at a European breast cancer conference in Barcelona.

Michelle Holmes, a cancer expert at Harvard University, said people might wrongly think their chances of getting cancer are more dependent on their genes than their lifestyle.

“The genes have been there for thousands of years, but if cancer rates are changing in a lifetime, that doesn’t have much to do with genes,” she told The Associated Press in a phone interview from Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. In Europe, there were about 421,000 new cases and nearly 90,000 deaths in 2008, the latest available figures. The United States last year saw more than 190,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths.

A woman’s lifetime chance of getting breast cancer is about one in eight. Obese women are up to 60 percent more likely to develop any cancer than normal-weight women, according to a 2006 study by British researchers.

Many breast cancers are fueled by estrogen, a hormone produced in fat tissue. So experts suspect that the fatter a woman is, the more estrogen she’s likely to produce, which could in turn spark breast cancer. Even in slim women, exercise can help reduce the cancer risk by converting more of the body’s fat into muscle.