Lesson Thirteen
Section One: News in Brief 1. A special committee of twelve senators today began the impeachment trial of Federal Judge Harry Claiborne. It\'s the first such proceeding in fifteen years. Claiborne is serving a jail sentence for tax evasion.
2. President Reagan today continued his campaign for a drug-free America. He ordered mandatory testing for federal workers in sensitive positions. And he also sent Congress a legislative package that would increase federal anti-drug spending by nine hundred million dollars, much of that on increased border patrols. The President said the legislation is the federal government\'s way of just saying no to drugs. We\'re getting tough on drugs; we mean business. To those who are thinking of using drugs, we say \'Stop.\' And to those who are pushing drugs, we say \'Beware.\' Mandatory drug testing for some federal workers is the most controversial part of the President\'s plan. It\'s been condemned by some employee groups.
3. One person was killed and more than fifty injured today in Paris when a bomb exploded at the drivers\' permit office at police headquarters. It was the fourth blast in seven days in the French capital.
第一节 简明新闻1,一个由12位参议员组成的特别委员会今天开始对联邦法官哈利克莱博尼的弹劾审判。这是15年来首次进行这样的法律程序。克莱博尼因逃税而被判入狱服刑。
2,里根总统今天继续推行他的“美国无毒品运动”。他下令对敏感岗位工作的联邦政府人员强制进行检测。他还向国会的递交了一系列立法方案,将增加9亿美元的联邦禁毒开支,在很大程度上加强边境巡逻。总统说,立法是联邦政府对毒品说不的方法。“我们正在艰难地打击毒品,我们是认真的。对于那些想要使用毒品的人,我们说‘停’。对于那些正在推广毒品的人,我们说‘小心点’”。对一些联邦工作人员来说强制性药检是总统计划中最受争议的部分。已经遭到一些雇员团体的谴责。
3,今天在巴黎警察总部一枚炸弹在驾照办公室爆炸,有一人死亡50人受伤。这是7天内在法国首都发生的第四起爆炸案。
Section Two: News in DetailIn Paris today, one person was killed and more than fifty were injured when a bomb exploded at police headquarters. This is the fourth attack on a crowded public target in a week. A police officer was killed yesterday while removing a bomb from a restaurant on the Avenue Champs Elysee. Minutes after that incident, Prime Minister Jacques Chirac announced new security measures aimed at curbing terrorist activities in France. Melodie Walker reports from Paris.
A group calling itself \'the Committee for Solidarity with Arab and Middle-Eastern Prisoners\' has claimed responsibility for the current series of bombings in Paris, in addition to ten other attacks in the French capital over the past year. The Committee has delivered messages to news agencies in Beirut threatening to continue its bombing campaign in Paris until the French government agrees to release three men jailed in France on charges of terrorism. One of the convicted prisoners, George Ibraham Abdullah, is believed to be the leader of the Lebanese Army Faction suspected of killing a US military attaché in Paris in 1982. The French government has officially declared it will not release the prisoners. In response to the repeated attacks in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac last night announced new anti-terrorist measures: military patrols along the French borders will be increased and, beginning today, all foreigners will require a visa to enter France. Citizens of European Common Market countries and Switzerland will be exempt from the visa requirement. But Americans planning to visit France will need to apply for visas at the nearest French consulate. For an initial period of fifteen days, however, emergency visas will be granted at French airports and other border checkpoints. France has been plagued with terrorism at home and abroad in recent years. In the past two weeks, three French members of the United Nations peace keeping force in Lebanon have been killed by remote-controlled bombs. Today, France called for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss the role and safety of the force. Seven French hostages in Beirut are also a major concern for the Chirac government. Dominique Moazi, Associate Director of the French Institute for International Relations, says the bombings in Paris, the attacks on the UN troops, and the hostage situation are all indirectly related.
\'I think there is a global goal, which is looked after, and that is to punish France for its involvement in Middle-Eastern affairs, either Lebanon or the war between Iran and Iraq. And France is, at the same time, more visible than any other European actors, in Lebanon and in the Gulf.\'
According to Moazi, the long French tradition of granting political asylum has made France more open and accessible to terrorist activities.
In the past we have given, unfortunately, the impression, which was maybe a reality, of being less resolute in our treatment of terrorist action than, for example, the Israelis. So that combination of visibility, vulnerability, and lack of resolution has made us the ideal target of terrorists now.
In a statement released today, President Francois Mitterand said, “The fight against terrorism is the business of the entire nation.” But despite the government\'s determination to combat terrorism, the question of how to do it remains unanswered. For National Public Radio, this is Melodie Walker in Paris.
第二节 详细新闻 巴黎发生连续恐怖袭击今天在巴黎,一枚炸弹在警察总部发生爆炸,造成1人死亡,超过50人受伤。这是一周内第四次针对人员密集的公共目标发动的袭击。一名警官昨天在从香榭丽舍大街爱丽舍宫的一家餐馆拆除炸弹时被炸死。事件发生几分钟后,总理雅克希拉克宣布新的安全措施以遏制发生在法国的恐怖活动。梅洛迪沃克从巴黎报道。
一个自称是“阿拉伯及中东囚徒团结委员会”的组织声称对最近发生在巴黎的一连串爆炸事件负责,另外在过去的一年曾对法国首都发动过另外10次攻击。该委员会已在贝鲁特向新闻机构发出讯息,威胁将继续在巴黎发动炸弹袭击,直到法国政府同意释放三名关押在法国的受到实施恐怖罪名指控男子。其中一名被定罪的囚犯,乔治易卜拉汗阿卜杜拉,确信曾是黎巴嫩军队阵线领导人,涉嫌在1982年杀害美国驻巴黎武官。法国政府已正式宣布不会释放这些囚犯。为应对在巴黎的多次袭击,希拉克总理昨晚宣布了新的反恐措施:加强沿法国边境的军事巡逻,并从今天起,所有外国人都需要签证才能进入法国。对欧洲共同市场成员国和瑞士公民将豁免签证。但计划访问法国的美国人将需要在就近的法国领事馆申请签证。至少15天的期限,比如,加急签证可以在法国机场和其他边境检查站获得。近年来法国一直为本土的和境外的恐怖主义活动所困扰。在过去两个星期,三名法国联合国驻黎巴嫩维持和平部队成员被遥控炸弹炸死。今天,法国呼吁联合国安理会召开紧急会议,讨论(维和)部队的安全和职责。七名在贝鲁特的法国人质是希拉克政府的关注焦点。多米尼克莫阿兹,法国国际关系研究所副所长说,在巴黎的爆炸案,对联合国维和部队的袭击和劫持人质事件都是间接相关的。
“我认为是一个应该被看作是全球性的目标,这是在惩罚法国在中东事务上的介入,无论是黎巴嫩还是伊朗和伊拉克之间的战争。同时,在黎巴嫩和海湾地区法国比其他任何欧洲国家更出风头。”
据莫阿兹的说法,长期提供政治庇护的法国传统,使得法国更加开放,更容易被恐怖分子所利用。
“不幸的是,过去我们曾经得出印象可能会成为现实,由于我们不象,比如,以色列人那样坚决地对待恐怖行动。所以出现了显而易见的,脆弱的,缺乏决心的组织配合,使我们成了恐怖分子的理想目标了。”
今天发表的一份声明中,总统法兰克斯密特朗说,“打击恐怖主义的斗争是全国性事务。”但是,尽管政府决心打击恐怖主义,但如何做到这一点仍然没有得到解决。美国公共广播电台,这是梅洛迪沃克在巴黎报道。
(时任法国总统法兰克斯密特朗 1916-1996 任期:1981-1995)
Section Three: Special ReportThe United States Senate Intelligence Committee today released a report calling for sweeping changes in US security policies and counter-intelligence, its first unclassified assessment of recent spy cases. The Committee says the damage done has cost billions of dollars, threatening America\'s security as never before. NPR\'s David Malthus has the story.
The report states that the damage done from espionage and lax security is worse than anyone in the government has yet acknowledged publicly. It concludes that US military plans and capabilities have been seriously compromised, intelligence operations gravely impaired. US technological advantages have been overcome in some areas because of spying. And diplomatic secrets were exposed to adversaries. Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy is Vice-Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee.
The national security is many times threatened more by this than by the buildup of Soviet arms, or the buildup of Soviet personnel, or breakthrough in weapon development.
The Committee report says foreign intelligence services have penetrated some of the most vital parts of US defense, intelligence, and foreign policy structures. The report cites a string of recent cases, including the Walker-Whitworth spy ring, which gave the Soviets the ability to decode at least a million military communications.
Despite some improvements by the Reagan Administration in security and tough talk over the last two years, the report also concludes that the administration has failed to follow through with enough specific steps to tighten security, and that its counter-intelligence programs have lacked the needed resources to be effective. Republican Dave Durenberger of Minnesota, Chairman of the Intelligence Committee, sums up the current situation this way:
Too many secrets, too much access to secrets, too many spies, too little accountability for securing our national secrets, and too little effort given to combating the very real threat which spies represent to our national security.
Senator Durenberger said the Committee found some progress has been made in toughening up security clearances for personnel, and some additional resources have been devoted to countering technical espionage, but he said much more needs to be done and he described the current security system as one paralyzed by bureaucratic inertia. The Committee makes ninety-five specific recommendations, including greater emphasis on re-investigations of cleared personnel, a streamlined classification system, more money for counter-intelligence elements of the FBI, CIA and the military services, and tighter controls on foreign diplomats from hostile countries. The report cites FBI assessments on how extensively the Soviets use diplomatic cover to hide spying activity. There are twenty-one hundred diplomats, UN officials, and trade representatives from the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries living in the United States. And according to the FBI, 30% of them are professional intelligence officers. The Committee report also says the Soviet Union is effectively using United Nations organizations worldwide to conduct spying operations. It says approximately eight hundred Soviets work for UN agencies, three hundred of them in New York, and one fourth of those are working for the KGB or the Soviet military intelligence, the GRU. Next week, the Reagan Administration is to deliver to the Congress its classified report on counter-intelligence. I\'m David Malthus in Washington.
(约翰沃克尔——沃克尔-惠特沃斯间谍网主犯之一)
第三节 特别报道 美国国家安全受到严重威胁 美国参议院情报委员会今天发表一份报告称,要彻底对美国的安全和反情报政策作出改变,这是第一次未分类别地对最近的间谍案件的评估。该委员会说,这已造成数十亿美元的损失,并已前所未有地威胁到美国的安全。美国公共广播电台大卫马尔萨斯进行报道。
报告指出,这种来自于间谍活动和松懈的安全措施的危害,比任何政府里的人员所公开承认的还要糟糕。它的结论是,美国的军事计划在功效上受到严重的影响,情报活动严重受损。美国在一些领域的技术优势由于间谍活动而被遏制。外交机密暴露给对手。佛蒙特州民主党人帕特里克莱希是参议院情报委员会副主席主席说,
“国家安全面临的威胁数倍于苏联军力的增长,苏联人力的增加或在武器上的突破发展(所造成的)。”
委员会的报告说,外国情报机构已经渗透到美国国防,情报和外交政策架构的重要部门。该报告列举了一连串最近发生的案件,其中包括沃克尔-惠特沃斯间谍网,这使苏联可以对至少一百万条军事通讯进行破译。
尽管里根政府在安全方面做了一些改善而且过去两年来一直在讨论。报告还得出结论认为,里根政府没有采取足够的具体步骤加强安全,而它的反间谍计划缺乏必要的有效的。明尼苏达的共和党人戴夫达伦伯格,是情报委员会的主席,是这样总结当前的形式的:
“太多的秘密,太多的窃密,太多的间谍,太少的确保我们的国家机密的问责制,太少的有效的打击,使得间谍分子对我们的国家安全的真正威胁。”
参议员达伦伯格说,委员会看到在对人员加强安全甄别以及额外的用于对付技术间谍的资源等方面取得的进展,但他说,还有更多的需要的工作要做,他形容目前的安全体系“因官僚惰性而瘫痪”。该委员会提出95项具体建议,包括重新审查和清理人员,精简分类系统,为联邦调查局,中央情报局和军事情报机构增加更多的反间谍经费,更严格地管制敌意国家派来的外交使团。报告援引联邦调查局对苏联如何广泛地利用外交掩护进行隐密的谍报活动的评估。有2100名来自苏联及华沙条约国家的外交官,联合国官员和贸易代表在美国生活。而根据美国联邦调查局(的说法),其中30%是专业情报人员。该委员会的报告还指出,苏联有效地利用世界各地的联合国组织进行间谍活动。报告说,大约800名苏联人为联合国各机构工作,他们中的300人在纽约,其中四分之一是为克格勃或苏联军事情报组织国防部军事情报局工作。下周,美国里根政府将向国会提交反间谍的密秘报告。我是大卫马尔萨斯在华盛顿报道。