游遍美国五十州
英语学习内容包括视译，交替传译和同声传译三部分
正文
Lesson Eighteen
Section One: News in Brief
1. Much of the flood-plagued Midwest got more today. Flood rain waters have forced more than 2,000 families out of their homes. Illinois has suffered heavily with 4 deaths and $ 30,000,000 damage blamed on flooding. There are also reports that one man was killed today in Oklahoma when his car was swept off a bridge. A partially-ruptured dam was in Wisconsin and remains standing but leaking, and officials are fearful more rain could cause it to burst.
2. A French television cameraman reported kidnapped in Lebanon on Sunday has been freed according to the French Foreign Ministry. A spokesman says Jean Marc Srucie was released today in the southern suburbs of Beirut and has returned to the Christian east sector the city. No group claimed responsibility for his kidnapping and the Foreign Ministry did not provide any details about his captivity or his return.
3. President Reagan paid tribute today to former president Jimmy Carter during dedication ceremonies for Mr. Carter\'s presidential library near Atlanta. President Reagan, who soundly defeated Carter in the 1980 election, said there was no need to downplay differences between the two men: “Our very differences attest to the greatness of our nation, for I can think of no other where two political leaders could disagree so widely, yet come together in mutual respect.” Mr. Reagan went on to say former President Carter graced the White House with his passion, intellect and commitment. The library was dedicated on Mr. Carter\' sixty-second birthday. And President Reagan advised his predecessor that life begins at seventy.
第一节 简明新闻
1. 美国中西部今天有更多的地区遭受到水灾。雨水导致的洪水已迫使2,000多个家庭被迫离开家园。伊利诺伊州受了严重的洪灾，有4人死亡，和3千万美元的损失。另据报道，在俄克拉荷马州，有一人因其汽车被卷入桥下而死亡。在威斯康星州，一个部分被损毁的大坝虽然还竖立着，但已经漏水，官员们担心更多的降雨可能导致其垮塌。
2. 根据法国外交部的消息，一名曾被报道过的在贝鲁特被绑架的法国电视摄影记者，上周日已被释放。一名发言人说，让马克苏克瑞今天在贝鲁特南郊被释放，并已回到了位于城市东部的基督教区。没有任何组织声称对他的绑架负责；外交部没有提供任何他被绑架和被放回的细节说明。
3. 今天，里根总统在位于亚特兰大附近的前总统吉米卡特的卡特总统图书馆捐赠仪式上致感谢辞。在1980年的选举中彻底击败卡特的里根总统说，没有必要淡化两个人之间的分歧：“我们之间巨大的分歧表明了我们民族的伟大，因为我想不出其他哪个地方会有两个政治领导人，即使存在着巨大的分歧，但还能够走到一起，而且互相尊重。”里根先生接着说，前总统卡特先生将他的热情，智慧和决心赋予给了白宫。图书馆是在卡特先生六十二岁生日时捐赠的。里根总统对他的前任建议到，生活在70岁时才刚刚开始。
卡特总统图书馆
Section Two: News in Detail
There was more rain in the Midwest today, where several states are facing rising flood waters. Thousands of people in Illinois and Wisconsin have been forced from their homes. And in Oklahoma, the State National Guard was called upon to rescue stranded homeowners who had been cut off and trapped. In northeastern Illinois, the floods follow 5 straight days of heavy rain. Cheryl Coralie of member station, WBEZ, reports that the governor of Illinois was on the scene with a promise for the people:
“They\'re coming. They\'re coming. They\'re on the way.” During his tour of the damaged areas, Illinois governor, James Thompson, tried to buoy the spirits of weary residents, alerting them that much coveted sandbags were on the way. Three northern and western counties near Chicago, hard hit by storms, have seen the burgeoning Foy and Desplaines Rivers spill into their streets, their garages and, ultimately, their homes.
Residents and authorities had been pinning their hopes sandbagging. Public works trucks line up to load sand onto their flatbeds. The US Army Corps of Engineers with state officials today are distributing a quarter million of the bags to communities stricken or threatened by ever expanding flood waters. But for some residents, even the sandbags have failed.
“The water, from flowing this way, went through and by the pressure finally knocked the sandbags over. And, within a matter of a minute, every wall came down, and I was standing in water this deep.”
State emergency officials say the state could suffer $ 30,000,000 in damages and what is one of Illinois\' worst flooding disasters. Most residents have been trying to tough it out, but rescue worker, Dave Besh, says that\'s changing:
“I know there\'s people calling up now that refused evacuation yesterday, that are calling here now, getting hold of our trucks verbally because their phones are out, that want to be evacuated now and they\'re trying to get the boats to get them out of there.”
The floods have driven more than 2,000 people from their homes. They have also forced road closures and businesses and schools to shut down. In Gurney, Illinois, the elementary school classrooms sit under 5 feet of water and Gurney Deputy Fire Chief, Tim McGrath, says there\'s little that can be done.
“We know we\'re going to displace. We know that we\'re going to sustain more loss. There\'s no way of confining the river, of course, there\'s no controlling the river.”
Today, Governor Thompson declared a number of additional community state disaster areas, setting up the first step for Federal help. The rainy weather forecast is not of much comfort, and some weary workers and homeowners say the only thing left to do now is waiting until the flooding passes and put everything back together again.
For National Public Radio, I\'m Cheryl Coralie in Chicago.
美国中西部洪涝灾害
第二节 详细新闻 美国中西部地区洪水泛滥成灾
今天中西部地区降雨更多，数个州正面临着不断上涨的洪水。在伊利诺伊州和威斯康星州，数千人被迫逃离家园。而在俄克拉荷马州，国民警卫队奉命拯救被冲垮的道路和被（大水）围困的房主。在伊利诺伊州东北部，洪水随着连续5天的大雨上涨。（NPR）成员台WBEZ（Chicago Public Radio芝加哥广播电台）的谢里尔科瑞利报道说，伊利诺伊州州长在现场向人们做出承诺：
“他们来了。他们来了。他们正在路上了”。在受灾地区巡视期间，伊利诺伊州州长詹姆斯汤普森，试图唤起已身心疲倦的居民的精神，提醒他们多准备好路上的沙袋。芝加哥附近北部和西部的三个县深受风暴的严重侵袭，不断上涨的福伊河与德斯普莱恩斯河河水，先是漫过他们的街道，他们的车库，最终是他们的家园。
当地居民和政府正在缝制他们寄予希望的沙袋。公共工程车辆成排地往平板车上装沙子。美国陆军工程兵部队与州府官员今天分发了25万个袋子给受灾社区，用以抵抗不断上涨的洪水威胁。但是，对于部分居民来说沙袋已经没有用了。
“水从这个方向漫经来，这样流并且由于压力最终冲倒沙袋。在1分钟内所有的防水墙都倒了，我当时就站在这样深的水里。”
国家紧急情况部官员说，全州这次可能损失3千万美元，是伊利诺伊州历史上最严重的洪灾之一。大部分居民一直在试图坚决抗争，但救援人员，戴夫本斯说，那已经有所改变：
“据我所知，现在昨天拒绝撤离那里的人在呼叫，他们站在我们的卡车上用嘴呼喊，因为电话已经断了，他们想疏散，他们现在正试图用船把他们撤出来。”
洪水已使2000多人逃离家园。他们还被迫封闭了道路，企业和关闭学校。在伊利诺伊州的格尼，小学教室浸在5英尺深的水下，格尼消防局副局长，蒂姆麦格拉思说：“我们能做的就这么多了。”
“我们知道我们会撤离。我们知道，我们会遭到更多的损失。目前没有办法控制河流，当然了就没有能控制得住的河流。”
今天，省长汤普森宣布了一些新的受灾社区，（意味着）迈出了向联邦求助的第一步。多雨的天气预报没有带来太多的安慰，有些疲惫的人员和业主说，现在唯一可以做的就是等待，直到洪水过后，再一起把所有东西放回原位。
全国公共广播公司谢里尔科瑞利的报道
中西部某市镇的救援人员正在用沙袋阻挡漫入居民区的洪水（2008）
Section Three: Special Report
Fast food restaurants have made some Americans rich. It\'s been more than 30 years since the first McDonald’s opened, and this nation\'s eating habits have been transformed by fast food. Today, we spend over $50,000,000,000 a year on Whopper\'s Big Macs and the Colonel\'s Fried Chicken. The key is convenience. The ignored factor is nutrition. That\'s something Michael Jacobson cares about. He\'s written a Fast Food Guide to tell consumers what\'s under the bun. As far as hamburgers go, Jacobson says one chain\'s burger is as good nutritional as the next.
“Each chain has a variety of hamburgers: singles, doubles, triples; in some restaurants, cheeseburger, bacon-burger, mushroom burgers, and generally, when they start gussying up the hamburger with the toppings, you\'re going to get more fat, more salt, and less nutritious product.”
“So you think you shouldn\'t be so concerned with which chain it is you\'re eating at as far as the burger, but rather whether you\'re getting the simple, naked burger, or the burger with all the fillings on it. That\'s where a lot of the fat comes in.”
“For instance, at Wendy\'s, you can just get a regular little hamburger, which has about 4 teaspoons of fat, or you can get then triple cheeseburger with 15 teaspoons of fat, and that\'s a tremendous difference. I think the message for hamburgers and many other fast foods is to keep it simple, keep it small.”
“Is the meat that\'s used in most of these chains fattier than what I\'d buy if I went to the butcher and bought meat?”
“We actually had these meats analyzed, and we found they were pretty average. It was an ordinary grade hamburger meat for most of the chains. You can get much leaner meat at the grocery store, or if you get ground round. If you want red meat and you want to eat at a fast food restaurant, I recommend going for the roast beef. All roast beef was leaner than all hamburger meat in the tests we conducted. Now this does differ from chain to chain because, for instance, the Roy Roger\'s roast beef, you have listed as having 2% fat whereas Arby\'s roast beef, 13%.
“The differences in roast beef are really remarkable. Arby\'s and Hardy\'s have 7 times as much fat as Roy Roger\'s. Also, Roy Roger\'s had real roast beef, whereas Arby”s has kind of a composite roast beef, where the beef is chipped and scrunched together with sodium phosphate and other chemicals.”
“It is impossible now to watch TV without seeing commercials for chicken nuggets from one chain or another. What are chicken nuggets made out of?”
“Chicken McNuggets at McDonald’s, probably the original chicken nuggets, are not whole pieces of chicken. Rather it\'s composite chicken made with ground-up chicken skin held together with sodium phosphate and salt. It\'s a relatively fatty product, about 5 teaspoons of fat for a small order of McNuggets. The competition at, say, Burger King, which makes chicken tenders, uses real chicken. And the fat content partly because it doesn\'t have ground tip chicken skin in it, is much lower, about 2 teaspoons for a small order of chicken tenders.”
“Chicken is a food that is highly recommended by people who are very calorie conscious and are very fat conscious, because it\'s a food low in fat. But once you get the chicken and you deep fire* it, as they do at all the fast food chains, is it still a nutritionally good food?”
“Well, chicken products tend to have less fat than beef products partly because the fat stays on the outside. If you\'re getting fried chicken, you ought to take off the skin, take off the breading. That\'s where most of the fat, most of the sodium are. So you can turn kind of a mediocre product into really quite a nutritious product.”
“If the fast food industry came to you for advice about how they could nutritionally improve their menus, what would you tell them?”
“Fresh fruit, low-fat diary products, low-fat or skim milk, keep up those salad bars, baked fish, baked chicken, and that lean roast beef. It is possible to offer nutritious tasty foods at a fast food restaurant, and I hope that the chains are moving in the right direction with the proliferation of salad, salad bars, and the like.”
In Washington, Michael Jacobson, Director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
第三节 特别报道 访问公共利益科学中心主任米歇尔杰克布森－谈美国的快餐
快餐店已经让一些美国人发了财。自第一家麦当劳店开业已经30年了，这个国度的饮食习惯已经被快餐所改变。今天，我们每年花费超过500亿美元在华堡的巨无霸和上校的炸鸡上。关键就是方便。而被忽略的因素是营养。这是迈克尔雅各布森所关心的。他写了本《快餐指南》告诉消费者，面包下面的是什么。根据汉堡包的演变，雅各布森说，一个连锁店的汉堡包就像下一个那样有营养。
“每一个连锁店都有不同种类的汉堡包：单层的，双层的，三层的；在一些餐馆供应奶酪汉堡，熏肉汉堡，蘑菇汉堡和一般品种的，当他们开始变化着汉堡包的浇头时，你会摄入更多的脂肪，更多的盐，和少量的营养。”
“那么你认为你不应该关心哪个连锁店的汉堡包你是一直在吃的，而是你吃的简易的，光溜的汉堡包，或者添加了所有馅料的汉堡。就是大量的脂肪来源之处。”
“例如，在温迪连锁店，你可以得到要一个普通的小汉堡，含有约4匙的脂肪，或者你可要一份含有15 匙脂肪的三重汉堡，这是一个巨大的差别。我觉得对汉堡和其它快餐的建议就是，使其简单而少量。”
“是这些连锁店用的肉比我要买的，比如是屠宰的肉要肥吗？”
“事实上，我们分析过这些肉，我们发现它们相当普通。这是一个普通的档次的为大多数连锁店选用的肉。你可以在杂货店或地摊上买到更为精细的肉。如果你又想吃红肉又想吃快餐，我推荐去吃烤牛肉。我们得出的结论，所有的烤牛肉比所有的汉堡包用肉要更精细。” 现在看来，连锁店与连锁店间确实存在着不同，例如，罗伊罗杰店的烤牛肉，你列出的含有2％的脂肪，而阿贝店的烤牛肉却有13％。
“烤牛肉之间的差异非常显著。阿贝的和哈代店的有7倍于罗伊罗杰斯店的脂肪含量。此外，罗伊罗杰斯店有真正的烤牛肉，而阿贝店有一种复合型烤牛肉，牛肉被片开加上磷酸钠和其他化学品揉在一起。”
“现在看电视不可能看不到一家又一家的连锁店的鸡块广告。鸡块是怎么做出来的？”
“麦当劳的麦樂鸡，可能是原鸡肉的块，而不是整块的鸡肉。实际上是复合鸡肉，用走地鸡的皮加入磷酸钠和盐拌在一起。这是个复含脂肪的食品。一小份麦樂鸡就含约5茶匙的脂肪。在竞争上，汉堡王店说，做鸡柳时（他们）用的是真正的鸡肉。而部分是含有脂肪的，因为它不含地走鸡的皮，一小份鸡柳的脂肪含量非常低，只有差不多2匙的含量。”
“鸡肉是被那些非常注意热量和注意脂肪的人们极力推荐的食品，因为它是低脂肪食品。一旦你油炸了它，就像所有快餐连锁店做快餐一样，它还是个很好的营养食品吗？”
“嗯，鸡肉产品的脂肪含量往往小于部分牛肉产品的所含的，因为脂肪都储存在外部。如果您拿到炸鸡后，你应该撕下鸡皮，去掉面包糠（炸鸡粉）。那里含有大量的脂肪，大部分的钠的部位。这样，你可以转而（吃到）一些平平常常的但相当有营养的食品。”
“如果快餐业的人来找你，要你帮着出些如何改善他们的营养食谱的忠告，你会怎么对他们说呢？”
“新鲜水果，低脂的日常食品，低脂或脱脂牛奶，把这些放在沙拉吧上，还有烤鱼，烤鸡肉，烤牛肉。这使得快餐店提供营养可口的食品成为可能，我希望连锁店能够转向正确的方向，增加沙拉，沙拉吧等等。”
这里是华盛顿，公共利益科学中心主任米歇尔杰克布森。
吃快餐长大的美国儿童
Section One: News in Brief
1. Much of the flood-plagued Midwest got more today. Flood rain waters have forced more than 2,000 families out of their homes. Illinois has suffered heavily with 4 deaths and $ 30,000,000 damage blamed on flooding. There are also reports that one man was killed today in Oklahoma when his car was swept off a bridge. A partially-ruptured dam was in Wisconsin and remains standing but leaking, and officials are fearful more rain could cause it to burst.
2. A French television cameraman reported kidnapped in Lebanon on Sunday has been freed according to the French Foreign Ministry. A spokesman says Jean Marc Srucie was released today in the southern suburbs of Beirut and has returned to the Christian east sector the city. No group claimed responsibility for his kidnapping and the Foreign Ministry did not provide any details about his captivity or his return.
3. President Reagan paid tribute today to former president Jimmy Carter during dedication ceremonies for Mr. Carter\'s presidential library near Atlanta. President Reagan, who soundly defeated Carter in the 1980 election, said there was no need to downplay differences between the two men: “Our very differences attest to the greatness of our nation, for I can think of no other where two political leaders could disagree so widely, yet come together in mutual respect.” Mr. Reagan went on to say former President Carter graced the White House with his passion, intellect and commitment. The library was dedicated on Mr. Carter\' sixty-second birthday. And President Reagan advised his predecessor that life begins at seventy.
第一节 简明新闻
1. 美国中西部今天有更多的地区遭受到水灾。雨水导致的洪水已迫使2,000多个家庭被迫离开家园。伊利诺伊州受了严重的洪灾，有4人死亡，和3千万美元的损失。另据报道，在俄克拉荷马州，有一人因其汽车被卷入桥下而死亡。在威斯康星州，一个部分被损毁的大坝虽然还竖立着，但已经漏水，官员们担心更多的降雨可能导致其垮塌。
2. 根据法国外交部的消息，一名曾被报道过的在贝鲁特被绑架的法国电视摄影记者，上周日已被释放。一名发言人说，让马克苏克瑞今天在贝鲁特南郊被释放，并已回到了位于城市东部的基督教区。没有任何组织声称对他的绑架负责；外交部没有提供任何他被绑架和被放回的细节说明。
3. 今天，里根总统在位于亚特兰大附近的前总统吉米卡特的卡特总统图书馆捐赠仪式上致感谢辞。在1980年的选举中彻底击败卡特的里根总统说，没有必要淡化两个人之间的分歧：“我们之间巨大的分歧表明了我们民族的伟大，因为我想不出其他哪个地方会有两个政治领导人，即使存在着巨大的分歧，但还能够走到一起，而且互相尊重。”里根先生接着说，前总统卡特先生将他的热情，智慧和决心赋予给了白宫。图书馆是在卡特先生六十二岁生日时捐赠的。里根总统对他的前任建议到，生活在70岁时才刚刚开始。
卡特总统图书馆
Section Two: News in Detail
There was more rain in the Midwest today, where several states are facing rising flood waters. Thousands of people in Illinois and Wisconsin have been forced from their homes. And in Oklahoma, the State National Guard was called upon to rescue stranded homeowners who had been cut off and trapped. In northeastern Illinois, the floods follow 5 straight days of heavy rain. Cheryl Coralie of member station, WBEZ, reports that the governor of Illinois was on the scene with a promise for the people:
“They\'re coming. They\'re coming. They\'re on the way.” During his tour of the damaged areas, Illinois governor, James Thompson, tried to buoy the spirits of weary residents, alerting them that much coveted sandbags were on the way. Three northern and western counties near Chicago, hard hit by storms, have seen the burgeoning Foy and Desplaines Rivers spill into their streets, their garages and, ultimately, their homes.
Residents and authorities had been pinning their hopes sandbagging. Public works trucks line up to load sand onto their flatbeds. The US Army Corps of Engineers with state officials today are distributing a quarter million of the bags to communities stricken or threatened by ever expanding flood waters. But for some residents, even the sandbags have failed.
“The water, from flowing this way, went through and by the pressure finally knocked the sandbags over. And, within a matter of a minute, every wall came down, and I was standing in water this deep.”
State emergency officials say the state could suffer $ 30,000,000 in damages and what is one of Illinois\' worst flooding disasters. Most residents have been trying to tough it out, but rescue worker, Dave Besh, says that\'s changing:
“I know there\'s people calling up now that refused evacuation yesterday, that are calling here now, getting hold of our trucks verbally because their phones are out, that want to be evacuated now and they\'re trying to get the boats to get them out of there.”
The floods have driven more than 2,000 people from their homes. They have also forced road closures and businesses and schools to shut down. In Gurney, Illinois, the elementary school classrooms sit under 5 feet of water and Gurney Deputy Fire Chief, Tim McGrath, says there\'s little that can be done.
“We know we\'re going to displace. We know that we\'re going to sustain more loss. There\'s no way of confining the river, of course, there\'s no controlling the river.”
Today, Governor Thompson declared a number of additional community state disaster areas, setting up the first step for Federal help. The rainy weather forecast is not of much comfort, and some weary workers and homeowners say the only thing left to do now is waiting until the flooding passes and put everything back together again.
For National Public Radio, I\'m Cheryl Coralie in Chicago.
美国中西部洪涝灾害
第二节 详细新闻 美国中西部地区洪水泛滥成灾
今天中西部地区降雨更多，数个州正面临着不断上涨的洪水。在伊利诺伊州和威斯康星州，数千人被迫逃离家园。而在俄克拉荷马州，国民警卫队奉命拯救被冲垮的道路和被（大水）围困的房主。在伊利诺伊州东北部，洪水随着连续5天的大雨上涨。（NPR）成员台WBEZ（Chicago Public Radio芝加哥广播电台）的谢里尔科瑞利报道说，伊利诺伊州州长在现场向人们做出承诺：
“他们来了。他们来了。他们正在路上了”。在受灾地区巡视期间，伊利诺伊州州长詹姆斯汤普森，试图唤起已身心疲倦的居民的精神，提醒他们多准备好路上的沙袋。芝加哥附近北部和西部的三个县深受风暴的严重侵袭，不断上涨的福伊河与德斯普莱恩斯河河水，先是漫过他们的街道，他们的车库，最终是他们的家园。
当地居民和政府正在缝制他们寄予希望的沙袋。公共工程车辆成排地往平板车上装沙子。美国陆军工程兵部队与州府官员今天分发了25万个袋子给受灾社区，用以抵抗不断上涨的洪水威胁。但是，对于部分居民来说沙袋已经没有用了。
“水从这个方向漫经来，这样流并且由于压力最终冲倒沙袋。在1分钟内所有的防水墙都倒了，我当时就站在这样深的水里。”
国家紧急情况部官员说，全州这次可能损失3千万美元，是伊利诺伊州历史上最严重的洪灾之一。大部分居民一直在试图坚决抗争，但救援人员，戴夫本斯说，那已经有所改变：
“据我所知，现在昨天拒绝撤离那里的人在呼叫，他们站在我们的卡车上用嘴呼喊，因为电话已经断了，他们想疏散，他们现在正试图用船把他们撤出来。”
洪水已使2000多人逃离家园。他们还被迫封闭了道路，企业和关闭学校。在伊利诺伊州的格尼，小学教室浸在5英尺深的水下，格尼消防局副局长，蒂姆麦格拉思说：“我们能做的就这么多了。”
“我们知道我们会撤离。我们知道，我们会遭到更多的损失。目前没有办法控制河流，当然了就没有能控制得住的河流。”
今天，省长汤普森宣布了一些新的受灾社区，（意味着）迈出了向联邦求助的第一步。多雨的天气预报没有带来太多的安慰，有些疲惫的人员和业主说，现在唯一可以做的就是等待，直到洪水过后，再一起把所有东西放回原位。
全国公共广播公司谢里尔科瑞利的报道
中西部某市镇的救援人员正在用沙袋阻挡漫入居民区的洪水（2008）
Section Three: Special Report
Fast food restaurants have made some Americans rich. It\'s been more than 30 years since the first McDonald’s opened, and this nation\'s eating habits have been transformed by fast food. Today, we spend over $50,000,000,000 a year on Whopper\'s Big Macs and the Colonel\'s Fried Chicken. The key is convenience. The ignored factor is nutrition. That\'s something Michael Jacobson cares about. He\'s written a Fast Food Guide to tell consumers what\'s under the bun. As far as hamburgers go, Jacobson says one chain\'s burger is as good nutritional as the next.
“Each chain has a variety of hamburgers: singles, doubles, triples; in some restaurants, cheeseburger, bacon-burger, mushroom burgers, and generally, when they start gussying up the hamburger with the toppings, you\'re going to get more fat, more salt, and less nutritious product.”
“So you think you shouldn\'t be so concerned with which chain it is you\'re eating at as far as the burger, but rather whether you\'re getting the simple, naked burger, or the burger with all the fillings on it. That\'s where a lot of the fat comes in.”
“For instance, at Wendy\'s, you can just get a regular little hamburger, which has about 4 teaspoons of fat, or you can get then triple cheeseburger with 15 teaspoons of fat, and that\'s a tremendous difference. I think the message for hamburgers and many other fast foods is to keep it simple, keep it small.”
“Is the meat that\'s used in most of these chains fattier than what I\'d buy if I went to the butcher and bought meat?”
“We actually had these meats analyzed, and we found they were pretty average. It was an ordinary grade hamburger meat for most of the chains. You can get much leaner meat at the grocery store, or if you get ground round. If you want red meat and you want to eat at a fast food restaurant, I recommend going for the roast beef. All roast beef was leaner than all hamburger meat in the tests we conducted. Now this does differ from chain to chain because, for instance, the Roy Roger\'s roast beef, you have listed as having 2% fat whereas Arby\'s roast beef, 13%.
“The differences in roast beef are really remarkable. Arby\'s and Hardy\'s have 7 times as much fat as Roy Roger\'s. Also, Roy Roger\'s had real roast beef, whereas Arby”s has kind of a composite roast beef, where the beef is chipped and scrunched together with sodium phosphate and other chemicals.”
“It is impossible now to watch TV without seeing commercials for chicken nuggets from one chain or another. What are chicken nuggets made out of?”
“Chicken McNuggets at McDonald’s, probably the original chicken nuggets, are not whole pieces of chicken. Rather it\'s composite chicken made with ground-up chicken skin held together with sodium phosphate and salt. It\'s a relatively fatty product, about 5 teaspoons of fat for a small order of McNuggets. The competition at, say, Burger King, which makes chicken tenders, uses real chicken. And the fat content partly because it doesn\'t have ground tip chicken skin in it, is much lower, about 2 teaspoons for a small order of chicken tenders.”
“Chicken is a food that is highly recommended by people who are very calorie conscious and are very fat conscious, because it\'s a food low in fat. But once you get the chicken and you deep fire* it, as they do at all the fast food chains, is it still a nutritionally good food?”
“Well, chicken products tend to have less fat than beef products partly because the fat stays on the outside. If you\'re getting fried chicken, you ought to take off the skin, take off the breading. That\'s where most of the fat, most of the sodium are. So you can turn kind of a mediocre product into really quite a nutritious product.”
“If the fast food industry came to you for advice about how they could nutritionally improve their menus, what would you tell them?”
“Fresh fruit, low-fat diary products, low-fat or skim milk, keep up those salad bars, baked fish, baked chicken, and that lean roast beef. It is possible to offer nutritious tasty foods at a fast food restaurant, and I hope that the chains are moving in the right direction with the proliferation of salad, salad bars, and the like.”
In Washington, Michael Jacobson, Director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
第三节 特别报道 访问公共利益科学中心主任米歇尔杰克布森－谈美国的快餐
快餐店已经让一些美国人发了财。自第一家麦当劳店开业已经30年了，这个国度的饮食习惯已经被快餐所改变。今天，我们每年花费超过500亿美元在华堡的巨无霸和上校的炸鸡上。关键就是方便。而被忽略的因素是营养。这是迈克尔雅各布森所关心的。他写了本《快餐指南》告诉消费者，面包下面的是什么。根据汉堡包的演变，雅各布森说，一个连锁店的汉堡包就像下一个那样有营养。
“每一个连锁店都有不同种类的汉堡包：单层的，双层的，三层的；在一些餐馆供应奶酪汉堡，熏肉汉堡，蘑菇汉堡和一般品种的，当他们开始变化着汉堡包的浇头时，你会摄入更多的脂肪，更多的盐，和少量的营养。”
“那么你认为你不应该关心哪个连锁店的汉堡包你是一直在吃的，而是你吃的简易的，光溜的汉堡包，或者添加了所有馅料的汉堡。就是大量的脂肪来源之处。”
“例如，在温迪连锁店，你可以得到要一个普通的小汉堡，含有约4匙的脂肪，或者你可要一份含有15 匙脂肪的三重汉堡，这是一个巨大的差别。我觉得对汉堡和其它快餐的建议就是，使其简单而少量。”
“是这些连锁店用的肉比我要买的，比如是屠宰的肉要肥吗？”
“事实上，我们分析过这些肉，我们发现它们相当普通。这是一个普通的档次的为大多数连锁店选用的肉。你可以在杂货店或地摊上买到更为精细的肉。如果你又想吃红肉又想吃快餐，我推荐去吃烤牛肉。我们得出的结论，所有的烤牛肉比所有的汉堡包用肉要更精细。” 现在看来，连锁店与连锁店间确实存在着不同，例如，罗伊罗杰店的烤牛肉，你列出的含有2％的脂肪，而阿贝店的烤牛肉却有13％。
“烤牛肉之间的差异非常显著。阿贝的和哈代店的有7倍于罗伊罗杰斯店的脂肪含量。此外，罗伊罗杰斯店有真正的烤牛肉，而阿贝店有一种复合型烤牛肉，牛肉被片开加上磷酸钠和其他化学品揉在一起。”
“现在看电视不可能看不到一家又一家的连锁店的鸡块广告。鸡块是怎么做出来的？”
“麦当劳的麦樂鸡，可能是原鸡肉的块，而不是整块的鸡肉。实际上是复合鸡肉，用走地鸡的皮加入磷酸钠和盐拌在一起。这是个复含脂肪的食品。一小份麦樂鸡就含约5茶匙的脂肪。在竞争上，汉堡王店说，做鸡柳时（他们）用的是真正的鸡肉。而部分是含有脂肪的，因为它不含地走鸡的皮，一小份鸡柳的脂肪含量非常低，只有差不多2匙的含量。”
“鸡肉是被那些非常注意热量和注意脂肪的人们极力推荐的食品，因为它是低脂肪食品。一旦你油炸了它，就像所有快餐连锁店做快餐一样，它还是个很好的营养食品吗？”
“嗯，鸡肉产品的脂肪含量往往小于部分牛肉产品的所含的，因为脂肪都储存在外部。如果您拿到炸鸡后，你应该撕下鸡皮，去掉面包糠（炸鸡粉）。那里含有大量的脂肪，大部分的钠的部位。这样，你可以转而（吃到）一些平平常常的但相当有营养的食品。”
“如果快餐业的人来找你，要你帮着出些如何改善他们的营养食谱的忠告，你会怎么对他们说呢？”
“新鲜水果，低脂的日常食品，低脂或脱脂牛奶，把这些放在沙拉吧上，还有烤鱼，烤鸡肉，烤牛肉。这使得快餐店提供营养可口的食品成为可能，我希望连锁店能够转向正确的方向，增加沙拉，沙拉吧等等。”
这里是华盛顿，公共利益科学中心主任米歇尔杰克布森。
吃快餐长大的美国儿童
评论
目前还没有任何评论
登录后才可评论.
