英语高级听力14课（附译文与图片）

Lesson Fourteen

Section One: News in Brief

1. State Department spokesman Bernard Kalb resigned today because of the Reagan Administration's alleged disinformation campaign against Libya. The Washington Post reported last week that the administration planted false information about Libya in an effort to destabilize the government of Muammar Ouddafi. Kalb today did not confirm or deny that such a campaign took place, but he said reports about it had damaged the credibility of the US. The State Department would not comment on Kalb's resignation.

2. The State Department today criticized the Nicaraguan government for allegedly refusing to grant US officials access to Eugene Hasenfus. He's the survivor of Sunday's plane crash inside Nicaragua. State Department spokesman Charles Redmond. 'Our representative was not received by the Nicaraguan government. And we view this with the utmost seriousness. The rendering of consular services is an essential part of the function of an embassy. The Sandinista government has once again taken action to make that function difficult and has raised the question of whether, indeed, a US embassy can function normally within Nicaragua. We frankly cannot accept the delay in granting consular access since the Sandinista government has apparently gone to some lengths to parade Mr. Hasenfus before the press, and considering the fact that a government spokesman stated clearly last night on American television that access would be granted.' Meanwhile President Reagan today denied that the downed plane allegedly carrying arms to Contra rebels was operating-under official US orders. He also acknowledged that the government has been aware that private American groups and citizens have been helping the anti-government forces in Nicaragua.

尼加拉瓜政府军在飞机坠落现场抓获美国人尤金哈森福斯


第一节 简明新闻
1. 因里根政府被指对利比亚进行虚假新闻战，美国国务院发言人伯纳德卡尔布今天辞职。《华盛顿邮报》上周报道说，美国政府对利比亚散布虚假信息，以达到颠覆穆阿迈尔卡扎菲政府的目的。卡尔布今天既没有证实也没有否认发生过这样的行为，但他说，报道损害了美国的信誉。国务院对卡尔布辞职不加以评论。

2.国务院今天批评尼加拉瓜政府，据称是拒绝允许美国官员接触尤金哈森福斯。他是周日在尼加拉瓜飞机失事事故中的幸存者。美国国务院发言人查尔斯雷蒙德说，“我们的代表没有得到尼加拉瓜政府的许可。我们认为这是极其严重的。提供领事服务是大使馆的基本职能的组成部分。桑地诺政府再次采取行动，使该职能遇到困境，并将问题上升到美国大使馆在尼加拉瓜是否能够正常运作上来。坦率地说，我们不能接受自从桑地诺政府领事明显地要在媒体面前长时间将哈森福斯先生示众而一再拖延允许领事接触（的时间），应该考虑的事实是，政府发言人昨天晚上在美国电视上明确表示——接触将会获准。”与此同时，里根总统今天否认了被击落的飞机上有所谓的给康特拉叛军的武器，是在美国官方命令下进行的。他也承认政府已经意识到，有美国的私人团体和公民在帮助尼加拉瓜的反政府武装。

Section Two: News in Detail

Last week the Washington Post reported that top-level officials had approved a plan to generate real and illusionary events to make Libya's Colonel Muammar Quddafi think the United States might once again attack. Bernard Kalb's resignation is the first in protest of that policy. A similar resignation occurred at the White House in 1983 when a deputy quit to protest misleading statements given to the press shortly before the American invasion of Grenada.

NPR's Bill Busenberg has more on today's announcement. Bernard Kalb had been a veteran diplomatic correspondent for CBS and NBC before being picked two years ago by Secretary of State George Shultz to be the Department's chief spokesman, officially an Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. His brother, Marvin Kalb, is still with NBC. Today, Bernard Kalb surprised his former colleagues in the news media by, quitting over the issue of the administration's disinformation program. Kalb would not confirm that there was such a program, but he said he faced a choice of remaining silent or registering his dissent. And even though the issue appeared to be fading from the news, Kalb grappled with it privately and decided he had to act.
“The controversy may vanish, but when you are sitting alone, it does not go away. And so I've taken the step of stepping down.”

Bernard Kalb

The State Department has reportedly been involved in the disinformation issue, but Kalb said his guidelines have always been not to fie or mislead the press, and he has not done so. Kalb went out of his way today to praise Secretary Shultz, a man, he said, of such overwhelming integrity that he allows other people to have their own integrity.

“In taking this action, I want to emphasize that I am not dissenting from Secretary Shultz, a man of credibility, rather I am dissenting from the reported disinformation program.”

Kalb's comments suggested Shultz perhaps did not go along with the disinformation program, but in public, the Secretary of State has defended the administration's policies against Libya, saying in New York last week: 'I don't have any problems with the little psychological warfare against Quddafi." He also quoted Winston Churchill as saying, 'In time of war truth is so precious, it must be attended by a bodyguard of lies.' Shultz was asked about the disinformation effort last Sunday on ABC.

“I don't lie. I've never taken part in any meeting in which it was proposed that we go out and lie to the news media for some effect. And if somebody did that, he was doing it against policy. Now having said that, one of the results of our action against Libya, from the intelligence we've received, was quite a period of disorientation on the part of Quddafi. So, to the extent we can keep Quddafi off balance by one means or another, including the possibility that we might make another attack, I think that's good.”

In a sometimes emotional session with reporters today, Bernard Kalb said that neither he personally nor the nation as a whole can stand any policy of disinformation.

I'm concerned about the impact of any such program on the credibility of the United States. Faith, faith in the word of America, is the pulse beat of our democracy. Anything that hurts America's credibility hurts America. And then on a much, much, much lower level, there's the' question of my own credibility, both as a spokesman and a journalist, a spokesman for a couple of years, a journalist for more years than I want to remember. In fact, I sometimes privately thought of myself as a journalist masquerading as a spokesman. In any case, I do not want my own credibility to be caught up, to be subsumed in this controversy."

The timing of Kalb's action today is likely to add to the controversy over government deception. And it comes at an awkward moment for the Reagan Administration, just days before an important pre-summit meeting with the Soviets in Iceland and in the wake of official denials about a downed guerrilla re-supply plane in Nicaragua. One American was captured and others were killed in that action, but officials have said the flight was in no way connected with the US government. Kalb said his resignation today had nothing to do with any other incident. I'm Bill Busenberg in Washington.

第二节 详细新闻 美国国务院发言人伯纳德卡尔布辞职

上周，《华盛顿邮报》报道，官方高层已批准了一项计划，利用实际的和虚幻的事件使利比亚卡扎菲上校认为美国有可能再次发动袭击。伯纳德卡尔布的辞职是首次对这一政策的抗议。生白宫的类似的辞职发生在1983年，一位助理辞职以抗议鉴美国入侵格林纳达前向新闻界发出简短的误导性陈述。

全国公共电台的比利布森博格今天有更多的（细节）发布。伯纳德卡尔布作为CBS和NBC的资深外交记者2年前被国务卿乔治舒尔茨任命为（国务院）新闻部的首席发言人，正式负责公共事务的助理秘书长。他的兄弟，马文卡尔布，仍在全国广播公司工作。今天，伯纳德卡尔布令他以前的新闻媒体同事们感到惊讶地退出了整个政府的造谣计划。卡尔布不愿证实确有这样一个计划，但他说他面临着保持沉默或表达异议的选择。然而，即使这个问题似乎正从新闻中渐渐消失，卡尔布设法私下解决并决定不得不这样去做。

“争论可能会消失，但是当你孤坐着的话，是不会消失的。所以我采取了下台的一步。”

美国国务院报告了参与造谣的问题，但卡尔布说，他的原则一直是不能吓唬也不能误导记者，他没有这样做。卡尔布今天离开时这样赞扬国务卿舒尔茨，他说，他是一个完全正直的，允许别人保有自己正直的男人。

“在采取这项动作时，我想强调，我与国务卿舒尔茨没有异议，他是个有信誉的人，而我是对‘造谣计划’有异议。”

卡尔布的意见是舒尔茨也许并没有计划继续进行‘造谣计划’，但在公开场合，国务卿为政府的利比亚政府政策进行辩护。上星期他在纽约说：“我对卡扎菲发动的小小心理战没有任何问题。”他还引述温斯顿邱吉尔的话说，“在战争期间真话是宝贵的，谎言应该作为卫队加入其中。这是周日在ABC电台舒尔茨被问及造谣计划结果时所说的。

“我不撒谎。我从来没有参加过任何会议，会上有人建议我们为了某种努力去向新闻媒体撒谎。如果有人这样做了，那么他是在和政策作对。现在这么说了，是我们针对利比亚的一个行动的结果，从我们收到的情报上看，卡扎菲在相当一段时期部分被迷惑住了。因此，只要我们能保持一个使卡扎菲因为一个手段或另一个手段而丧失平衡能力的范围，包括（以为）我们将来可能会进行另一次袭击，我认为这就很好。”

在今天的会上记者有时有些情绪激动，伯纳德卡尔布说，无论是他个人还是作为一个整体的国家都不能容忍误导的政策。

“我担心这样的计划对美国信誉的影响。信仰，信仰在美国的词语中，是我们民主的命脉。任何伤害美国信誉的东西也会伤害到美国。然后在一个非常非常低的层次，这里有我自己的信誉问题，作为发言人和一名记者，一个做过2年的发言人，一个我希望被人记住的是从业多年的记者。事实上，我有时私下觉得自己是伪装成记者的发言人。在任何情况下，我不希望把我自己的信誉卷入到纳入到这场争论中。”

在卡尔布事件很有可能加增对政府欺骗行为的争议。而且，正值里根政府尴尬的时刻，前几天的一个重要同苏联的首脑预备会议在冰岛召开，紧接着官方否认了在尼加拉瓜被击落给游击队重复补给的飞机。一名美国人被俘而其他人则在战斗中丧生，但官员们说，飞机与美国政府毫无关系。今天，卡尔布说，他的辞职与任何其他事件无关。我是比尔布森博格在华盛顿报告。

Section Three: Special Report

The history of Jews in Poland is not always thoroughly told in that country. And the story of the World War II freedom fighters in the Jewish ghetto of Warsaw is one of the saddest chapters. The Nazis took hundreds of thousands of Jews to their deaths, and seven thousand more died defending the area when the Germans invaded. Dr. Merrick Adelman is one of the very few who survived. A book called Shielding the Flame is his story. It was written in Poland ten years ago by Hannah Krall*. It is now available in this country in English. Yohannes Toshimska is one of the translators. She says that Merrick Adelman's view of the ghetto uprising is regarded as unconventional.

Shielding the Flame by Hannah Krall.

“He doesn't use the language, or even he doesn't have the attitude people usually have to the holocaust and to the ghetto uprisings. One thing he's consistently talking about is the fact that people thought was the arms in the ghetto. It wasn’t heroic; it was easier than to die going to the train cars. And that people who participated in the ghetto uprising were actually, in a sense, lucky. They had arms; they could do something about what was going on while those hundreds of thousands who were led to the train cars were equally heroic, but their death was much more difficult.”

“Dr. Adelman was stationed ... he was working in a clinic; he was not a doctor then; but he was working in a clinic that was nearby the train station where the Jews were taken to go off to the concentration camps.”

“Yes. He had an amazing position. He was standing at the gate to the Hmflat Platz, which was the place from where the Jews were taken into the train cars. He was a member of the underground in the ghetto, and he was choosing the people who were needed by the underground. They were perhaps one or two in many thousands of them led every day to the cars. And he would pick these people up, and then young girls who were students at the nurses' school would disabilitate these people. He describes in the book, it's a very powerful scene, how these girls, who were wearing beautiful clean white uniforms of nurse students, would take two pieces of wood and with these two pieces of wood would break legs of the people who were supposed to be saved for the Jewish underground. But the Germans, to the last moment, wanted to maintain the fiction that people who were taken to the trains were being taken for work. And obviously a person with a broken leg couldn't work. So breaking a leg would temporarily save that person from being taken into gas.”

“So he saw in all, I believe he says four hundred thousand people, go aboard the train.”

“Yes. He stood there from the very beginning of the extermination action to the end.”

“With regard to what you were saying earlier, there's a dialogue that develops in the book between an American professor who comes to visit the doctor many years later, and is critical of what happened. He says of the Jews, 'You were going like sheep to your deaths.' The professor had been in World War II; he'd landed on a French beach, and he said that 'Men should run, men should shoot. You were going like sheep.' And Adelman explains this, and let me quote him. 'It is a horrendous thing when one is going so quietly to one's death. It is infinitely more difficult than to go out shooting. After all, it is much easier to die firing. For us, it was much easier to die than it was for someone who first boarded a train car, then rode the train, then dug a hole, then undressed naked.' That's difficult to understand, but then Hannah Krall says that she understands it because it's easier for people who are watching this to understand, when the people are dying shooting.'

“It is something probably easier to comprehend because the kind of death most of the people from the ghetto encountered is just beyond comprehension.”

“Explain the context of the title for Shielding the Flame; it comes up a bit later on. It has to do with the reason that Dr. Adelman becomes a physician, a cardiologist, after the War, is that he wants this opportunity to deal with people who are in a life-or-death situation.”

“He says at some point that what he was doing at Hmflat Platz and what he was doing later on as a doctor is like to shield the flame from God who wants to blow this little tiny flame and kill the person, that what he was doing during the War and after the War was, in a way, doing God's work or doing something against God, even if the God existed.”

“Do you think this book is going to be accessible to the Western reader reading it in English? It is a bit free in form and in style. It lacks a chronology; certain details are not there or are pre-supposed that one knows.”

“This book is a little bit like a conversation of two people who aren't that much aware of the fact that someone else is listening to it. And they don't care about this other person who might be listening to it. They don't help this person to follow it. I had a hard time even when I read it for the first time in Polish. However, for me, it has magnetic power and, despite the confusion, I always wanted to go back and to go on.”

Yahannes Tashimska, the translator, along with Lawrence Weshler, of Shielding the Flame by Hannah Krall.

第三节 特别报道：介绍新书《庇护的火焰》

犹太人在波兰历史并不总是在那个国被提起。而在第二次世界大战在华沙犹太人聚居区的自由战士们的故事是最悲惨的一章。纳粹造成了成千上万的犹太人死亡，7000多人在抵抗德国对这一地区的入侵过程中丧生。梅里克阿德尔曼博士是极少数的幸存者之一。一本名叫《庇护的火焰》书讲述的是他的故事。它是由汉娜克罗尔10年前写于波兰。现在这本书在美国以英文发行。约翰内斯托锡马丝卡是翻译之一。她说，梅里克阿德尔曼的关于犹太隔离区的起义的看法是不合常理的。

“对于人们通常理解的大屠杀和隔离区的起义，他没有说什么，甚至没有表态。他始终如一地谈论的一个事实是人们认为在贫民区里的武装。这不是勇敢，而是比上火车（被送到死亡营）还要容易的死法。而那些参加隔离区起义的人们，实际上是有这样的感觉，那就是幸运。他们有武器，他们可以做些将要发生的，导致成千上万的人被赶上火车（送到死亡营）同样的勇敢的事，但他们的死要困难得多。”

“阿德尔曼博士被安置...在一家诊所工作，他不是医生，但他在一个靠近火车站的诊所工作，就从那里犹太人被送往集中营。”

波兰华沙犹太人隔离区

“是的。他处在一个吓人的位置。他站在面向赫姆弗莱特广场的门前，在那里犹太被赶上火车，他是隔离区秘密组织成员，为秘密组织挑选所需要的人。从每天上车的成千的人里也许能找出1－2人。他将这些人接出来，然后年轻的护士学校的女孩把这些人弄残废。他在书里描写到，这是一个非常刺痛心肺的场景，这些都穿着漂亮干净的护生白色制服的女孩子，拿来两片木板，然后用这两块木板把那些以为犹太人秘密组织会救他们性命的人的腿弄折。德国人，在最后一刻，希望维持一种假象，就是被带到上车人是去工作。显然一个腿断了的人是无法工作的。因此，弄断一条腿会暂时把正要送进毒气室的人救下来。”

“因此，他全都看到了，我相信他说的40万人，上了火车。”

“是的。他就站在里从灭绝行动的开始到结束。”

“关于你刚才说过的，书里提到过一段对话，一个美国教授多年以后来看望博士时批评了所发生的事。他说到犹太人‘你是打算像头绵羊那样死去’。这位教授曾在第二次世界大战中，登陆过法国的海滩，他说‘人们应该逃跑，人们应该反抗。你却象绵羊那样。’而阿德尔曼解释这一点时，让我引用他的话就是，‘当人们这样静静地走向死亡真是件可怕的事，这比起进行战斗是极其艰难的。毕竟，被射杀是非常容易的。对我们来说，比起有人先登上火车，坐车，然后挖个坑，再脱光衣服这样死是非常容易的。’这很难理解，但汉娜克罗尔说，她能理解，对于目睹别人被射杀的人来说很容易理解。

“这是件很容易理解的事，因为对大多数隔离区里的人的这种死法是无法理解的。”

“对《庇护的火焰》的标题的背景注释是在靠后的部分。他必须这样做的原因，是在战后，阿德尔曼博士成为一名医生，一位心脏病专家，希望因此有机会处理人的生与死的境遇。”

“他说，有关他在赫姆弗莱特广场做过的事和他后来成为医生所做的就是庇护上帝要吹灭的微弱的火苗，而杀死那人，他在战争期间做的和战后做的，从某种程度上来说是在做上帝的工作或在做反上帝的工作，即使是上帝真的存在的话。”

波兰华沙犹太人隔离区起义纪念碑

“你觉得这本书容易被西方读者用英文读懂吗？他的形式和风格有些自由。它缺乏时间顺序，有的部分内容没有写进去或假定人们事先都已知道。”

“这本书有点像两个人在对话，一个人不明白那么多的别人听到的事实。而他们并不在意其他可能听到的。他们不帮助这个人理解他们。当我第一次读波兰文的这本书时，的确经历过一段困难时期。不过，对我来说，它有仿佛有磁力，尽管混乱，我经常要翻回去看才能继续读下去。”

约翰内斯托锡马丝卡，翻译，和劳伦斯魏施利，（共同翻译）汉娜克罗尔的《庇护的火焰》。


1970年12月7日，德国总理，前反法西斯主义者，威利勃兰特在波兰华沙犹太人隔离区起义纪念碑前为“其他德国人的所作所为”下跪忏悔。



*原文有误已更改