英语高级听力 05 课 （译文及图片）

Lesson Five
 
Section One: News in Brief

  1. The House began debate today on a three-year bill to combat trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The measure has the support of most representatives and House Speaker Thomas O'Neill says he expects it to pass by tomorrow. Among other things, the bill would increase penalties for violators, provide money to increase drug enforcement and coast guard personnel, and require drug producing countries to establish eradication programs as a condition of US support for development loans.
  2. A cultural exchange between the US and the Soviet Union may face an American boycott unless US News and World Report correspondent, Nicholas Daniloff, is freed from a Moscow jail. An American style town meeting is scheduled to take place in Latvia next week, but the two hundred seventy Americans due to take part say they won't go if Daniloff remains in jail. They add the decision is a personal one and is not being made by the Reagan Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff detention.
  3. Egyptian and Israeli negotiators have reached agreement on resolving the Taba border dispute, clearing the way for a summit between the two countries to begin tomorrow. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres will meet in Alexandria. Details of the Taba agreement have not been made available.

第一节 简明新闻
1. 众议院今天开始辩论一项3年期的法案，以打击非法贩运和使用毒品。这项措施已获得大多数众议员的支持，众议院议长托马斯奥尼尔说，他希望它明天就会被通过。除此以外，该法案将提高对违法者的刑罚，提供资金以增加禁毒执法和海岸警卫队人员，并要求毒品生产国建立根除计划以作为接受美国援助发展贷款的条件。
2. 一项美苏间文化交流活动可能面临美国的抵制，除非《美国新闻与世界报道》的记者，尼古拉达尼洛夫从莫斯科的监狱获释。一个美国风格的城市会议定于下周在拉脱维亚举行，但是270的美国参加者说，如果丹尼洛夫仍然关在监狱里的话，他们就不会去。他们补充说这是个人的决定，而不是里根政府对丹尼洛夫被拘留（事件）做出的报复。
3. 埃及和以色列的谈判代表已达成旨在解决塔巴边界争端的协议，扫清了明天开始的两国首脑会议的道路。埃及总统候赛因穆巴拉克和以色列总理西莫尔佩雷斯将在亚历山大会晤。塔巴协议的细节尚未透露。

House Speaker Thomas O'Neill(1912-1994)

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres

Section Two: News in Detail

    The United States House of Representatives is debating an omnibus drug bill and expects to pass the measure tomorrow. Though the bill has attracted strong, bipartisan support, NPR's Cokey Roberts reports the debate on the issue points up the differences between political parties. 
    When Congress returned from the Fourth of July recess, House Speaker Tip O'Neill said there was only one thing members were talking about in the cloak-room: drugs. The Democrats quickly pulled together chairmen from twelve different committees to draft a drug package. Then, stung by criticism that they were acting in a partisan fashion, the Democratic leaders invited the Republicans to join them in the newly declared war on drugs. So, when the bill came to the House floor today, the party leaders led off debate. Texas Democrat Jim Wright. 'It's time to declare an all-out war, to mobilize our forces, public and private, national and local, in a total coordinated assault upon this menace, which is draining our economy of some two hundred and thirty billion dollars this year, slowly rotting away the fabric of our society, seducing and killing our young. That it will take money is hardly debatable. We can't fight artillery with spitballs."
    The question of just how much money this measure will cost has not been answered to the satisfaction of all members. Democrats say it's one and half billion dollars over three years, with almost seven hundred thousand for next year. Republicans claim the price tag will run higher and are trying to emphasize other aspects of the drug battle, aspects which they think play better in Republican campaigns. Minority leader Robert Michel. 'The ultimate cure for the drug epidemic must come from within the heart of each individual faced with the temptation of taking drugs. It is ultimately a problem of character, of will power, of family and community, and concern, and personal pride."
    Among other items, the bill before the House increases penalties for most drug related crimes, sets the minimum jail term of twenty years for drug trafficking and manufacturing, authorizes money for the drug enforcement administration and prison construction, beefs up the ability of the coast guard and customs service to stop drugs coming into this country, and creates programs for drug education. The various sections of the measure give House members ample opportunity to speak on an issue where they want their voices heard. Maryland Democratic Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate yesterday. Today, she spoke to the part of the bill which funds drug eradication programs in foreign countries. "When we fought yellow fever, we didn't go at it one mosquito at a time. We went right to the swamp. That's what the Foreign Affairs section of this legislation will do. It will go to the swamps, or where cocaine is either grown, refined, or manufactured."
    Republican Henson Moore is running for the Senate in Louisiana. He spoke to the part of the drug bill which changes the trade laws for countries which deal in drugs.   
    'We're moving to stop something; it's absolutely idiotic. It needs to be stopped: this situation of where a country can sell legally to us on the one hand and illegally to us under the table, selling drugs in this country poisoning our young people and our population."

第二节 详细新闻 美国《反毒品法案》得到参众两院支持

    美国众议院正在辩论一项综合《反毒品法案》，并希望明天能通过这一措施。虽然该法案已引起强烈的反响，两党均表示支持。全国公共广播电台的柯奇罗伯茨报道有关两党间分歧点的辩论情况。
    当国会于7月4日的休会后重开之时，众议院议长蒂普奥尼尔说，在衣帽间里，议员们只谈论一件事：毒品。民主党人齐心合力迅速促成12个不同的委员会的主席起草了反毒品的一揽子草案。然后，他们采取了受到严厉批评的政党行事方式，民主党领导人邀请共和党人参加新一轮向毒品的宣战。因此，当该法案今天开始在众议院开始审议时，党派的领导人提出不进行辩论。德克萨斯州的民主党议员吉姆赖特说。“现在是宣布全面战争，动员我们的力量，公众的和个人的，国家的和地方的，全面协调进攻这种会威胁的时候了，它正在消耗着我们的整个经济，今年可达到2300亿美元，缓慢地腐蚀我们的社会结构，引诱和杀戮我们的年轻人。这（场缉毒战争）将耗费金钱是无可争辩的。我们不能用大炮发射弹球。”
    至于这项提案会耗费多少金钱的问题，所有的成员还没有得到满意的答案。民主党人说，三年间要花费15亿美元，附带明年的七十万。共和党人声称标价更高，而且正试图加强在其它方面的缉毒斗争，那些他们认为有利于共和党选战的其他方面。少数党领袖罗伯特米歇尔说。“为彻底根治毒品蔓延，必须从使每个人从内心里面对毒品的诱惑。问题的性质最终在于家庭和社区意志力，以及关心和个人自豪感。”
    包括其他项目在内，该法案在众议院增加了许多与毒品有关的罪行的刑罚，对贩毒和制毒罪行设置了最低20年的刑期，授权拨款给美国缉毒署和监狱建设，加强海岸警卫队和海关执法能力以阻止毒品进入这个国家，同时建立毒品教育计划。这项提案的各个章节给予众议院议员充足的机会，就一个问题发言，他们希望他们的声音能够被听到。马里兰州民主党芭芭拉麦克罗斯基昨天被提名到参议院。今天，她谈到了法案中在资助外国的根除毒品的计划的部分时说。“当我们对抗黄热病时，我们没有一次一个蚊子那样地打。我们应该去沼泽。这就是这项立法的外事部分。它将前往沼泽，去可卡因种植，提炼或制造的地方。”
    共和党汉森摩尔在路易斯安那州的参议院。他谈到了反毒品法案正在变成对交易毒品的国家的贸易法律的一部分。
   “我们正在采取行动阻止一些事情，它是绝对愚蠢的。它需要停下来：这种情况可以使有的国家可以一方面合法地卖给我们，另一方面背着我们卖就是非法的，在这个国家出售毒品毒害我们的青年人和我们的人民。”

Section Three: Special Report

    Today in China, in Nanjing, balloons, firecrackers and lion dancers mark the dedication of the Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies. For the first time since World War II, Chinese and American students will attend a graduate institution in China that is administered jointly by academic organizations that are worlds apart figuratively and literally. NPR's Susan Stanberg reports.
     Cross-cultural encounters can be extremely enriching; cross cultural encounters can be utterly absurd.
    “Let's see. That would be eighty-seven. So, ba-shi-qi-nian-qian,... let's see, ... equal ... proposition equal”
    Here's what that American was trying to say in Chinese.
    "Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation ... a new nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.“
    Now you don't have to be dealing with classic American oratory to run into problems. In, planning for the Center for Chinese and American Studies, there was much debate as to whether the new auditorium on the Nanjing campus should have a flat or sloped floor.
    If the floor were flat, the auditorium could be used for dances, for parties, but a sloped floor would be better for listening, for viewing films and slides.
    The argument finally won out that for practical reasons a flat floor- would be best because it ... it really would make it a multi-purpose room. You wouldn't have to fix the furniture.
    Steven* Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University, the US end of this Sino-American joint venture in learning.
    "So, a flat floor was built. Only the Chinese in building it finally ended up with a flat floor but at two different levels, one higher than the other. So, if you want to use it for dances, you either have to have very short women with very tall men or vice versa. "
    Twenty-four Americans, and thirty-six Chinese of mixed heights are the first students at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center. Nanjing used to be Nanking, by the way, back in the days when Beijing was Peking. The Americans will take classes in Chinese history, economics, trade, politics, all from Chinese faculty. The Chinese will study the US with American university professors.  Johns Hopkins President Steven* Muller says this is advanced study work. All the Chinese students are proficient in English; all the Americans have master's degrees plus fluency in Chinese.
    "The twenty-four Americans come from about eighteen colleges and universities. No one institution in this country produces that many people of this character; so that's a beginning. Nanjing is not the place, the Center is not the place to go, if you want a doctor in Chinese history or Chinese language or Chinese literature or Whatever. This is a pre-professional program."
    Which means the men and women who spend the year at the Nanjing Center will end up as diplomats or business people in one another's country.
    “Our hope is that the Americans, to speak about those, who are going to be incidentally rooming with Chinese roommates, which is a very interesting thing the Chinese agree to, that the Americans will not only bring a year of living in China, a year of having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese foreign policy in economics and, so on, that they will also have the kind of friends among Chinese roughly their age who are going to be dealing with the United States. That will slowly, over the years, create a real network, if you will, of people who, because they've had this common experience, can deal with each other very easily and, you know, be kind of a rallying point - an old boy, old girl network, as it were.”
Hopkins President Muller admits that a simple exchange program - Chinese students coming to the US, and American students going to China - would involve far fewer headaches than running jointly an academic institution on foreign soil. Plus the success of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center depends on undependable, like continuing sweet Sino-American relations and being able to attract funding. And there's this wrinkle.'
"Some of the people who will study there, without any question, will probably come from or afterwards enter the intelligence community. That it's really desirable that people who do that have that kind of background. We're very honest about that, but it's so easy to denounce the whole thing as an espionage center, or something. You know, there's a lot of fragility in this thing. "
Steven* Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The Hopkins-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies was dedicated today in China. I'm Susan Stanberg.

第三节 特别报道 访问巴尔弟摩约翰霍普金斯大学校长史蒂夫穆勒——霍普金-斯南京大学中美研究中心落成典礼

    今天在中国的南京，气球，烟花和狮子舞来庆祝约翰霍普金斯大学-南京大学中美研究中心落成典礼。这是自第二次世界大战后，第一次中国和美国的学生参加由大学参与管理的在中国研究生学院，具有迥然不同的世界的比喻和字面。全国公共广播电台的苏姗史丹博格报道。
    跨文化的接触可能是非常丰富的，跨文化的接触可能是完全荒谬的。
   “让我们看看。87年。是这样，ba-shi-qi-nian-qian，...让我们看看，...对等的...意思对等的。”
    以下是，美国人试图用中文说。
    “87年前，我们祖先来到了这个大陆上建立了一个新的国家...一个新的自由国家的构思，主张致力于人人都是平等。”
    现在你不必处理这篇经典的美国演讲所碰到的问题。规划中的中美文化研究中心，对南京校园新礼堂应该有一个平的或斜的地面有许多争论。
    如果地板是平的，礼堂可用于舞蹈，用于聚会，如果是倾斜的会更利于聆听，看电影和幻灯片。
   “最后是平的地板最好，实用的理由赢得了这场争论，因为它...它会成为一个多功能厅。你不能有固定的家具陈设。”
    史蒂夫穆勒是约翰斯霍普金斯大学校长，美国结束了这个中美合资企业的学习。
“所以，要建成平的地面，只有中国人最终把它建成平的地面而不是再两个不同的层面上，一层高于另一层。所以，如果你想在那跳舞的话，你不得不要一个非常矮的女人和一个非常高的男人，反之亦然。”
    身高不等的24名美国人和36名中国人是霍普金斯－南京中心的第一批学生。南京原来叫南京（国语发音），另外，就像在以前北京叫北京（国语发音）一样，美国人要上中国历史，经济，贸易，政治等课程，全是中国老师任教。中国人将要和美国教授一起研究美国。约翰斯霍普金斯大学校长史蒂夫穆勒说，这是高级研究课程。所有的中国学生都非常精通英文；所有的美国学生都具有硕士学位，外加精通中文。
    24位美国人来自18所学院和大学。在这个国家的大学，没有一个能培养出许多具有这种特长的人。所以这只是个开始。如果你希望培养一位中国历史或中国语言或中国文学或其他什么的博士，南京不是这种地方，这所中心也不是这种可以去的地方，这是个专业预备项目。
    这意味这在南京中心花上年载的时间学习的男生和女生们最终会在另一国家当外交官或商人。
    “我们希望美国人，是指那些会和中国室友同住在一起的，这是件非常有趣的事情，因为中国人只同意美国人在中国生活一年，一年和中国老师学习和听取中国的对外经济政策的中国观点等等，当然他们会有很友好的中国朋友，他们中年龄相仿的会和美国人打交道。如果你愿意和某人建立真正的关系要用几年时间，这会很慢。因为他们有这方面的一般经验，相互交往非常简单，你知道这样的共同点在于一个老男孩和老女孩的联系，就是这样。”
    霍普金斯校长穆勒承认这是个简单的交流计划——中国学生来美国，美国学生去中国——这将长期涉及比在外国土地上经营一个联合学术机构更少的麻烦。加上成功的霍普金斯南京中心所依靠的其实并不可靠：比如持续甜蜜的中美关系，能够吸引的基金，这些都有涟漪。
    “有些人想要在这里进行研究，没有问题，能从情报界中来或以后加入其中去，有这样背景的人是非常可取的。我们对此非常坦白，但这些事非常容易被谴责为间谍中心或其他什么事。你知道这事还有许多很薄弱的地方。”
史蒂夫穆勒是巴尔弟摩约翰霍普金斯大学校长，霍普金斯南京大学中美研究中心今天在中国落成。我是苏珊斯坦伯格。

“How do you say ‘good luck’ in Chinese?”
“中国话‘祝你好运’怎么说？”
“Don't know. I don't know Chinese.”
“不知道我不懂中文”
“You'd better learn.”
“你得好好学学！”
“That's a phrase I should know. Yes.”  
“那是句常用语，我应该知道，是的。”

位于南京的霍普金斯南京大学中美研究中心，建成于1986年

Steven Muller ，the 10th President of Johns Hopkins University

*原文有误已更改——野鹤注