（翻译）方志彤简介

方志彤（Achilles Chih T'ung Fang, 本名金淳谟）名气不大，但是水平绝对不是一般的高，钱钟书是他的同学朋友，人们一般只知钱而不知有方，方的中文水平不比钱低，而他的外文水平，只会比钱高，原因很简单，钱绝大多数时间是在国内，没有外语环境，写作也都以中文进行，而方则在中国时就参加英文刊物的编辑工作，后大半生更是在美国度过，而且是在哈佛大学，英文学术环境。

本文是1997年《华裔学志》（Monumenta Serica）纪念方志彤特刊中海陶玮教授撰写的的讣告（方先生逝于1995年），里面介绍了方先生的生平。海陶玮是美国汉学家 James Robert Hightower，他本人就是方先生的学生。 下面是我自己的翻译，比较粗糙，但是大意应该还是翻出来了。请网友指正（英文原文附后）。

方志彤生平*
海陶玮（James Robert Hightower）
方志彤于1910年生于朝鲜的一个华裔家庭，入学前，他就在私塾中接受中国传统教育。在日本占领下的朝鲜，学校以日语为教学用语。这一时期里方学到的日语在他日后的学术研究中起到了作用，但是他拒绝说日语。他在一位传教士帮助下离开朝鲜到了上海，17岁毕业于上海的美国浸礼会学院（American Baptist College）。接着他来到北京上国立清华大学，主修哲学和经典研究。1932年毕业后，他继续在清华读研究生，两年后，他在南宁的广西医学院（1）当教师，教授德语和拉丁语。在那里他与Irene Pan结婚，1937年，他们带着刚出生不久的儿子回到北京，住在他的岳父家，他的妻子于1938年去世。
他在专业外文刊物华裔学志（Monumenta Serica）找到工作，担任主编尤金费费尔（Eugen Feifel）的助理。他的工作涉及审核送交给该刊物的稿件的翻译。稿件中的不准确之处，不符合逻辑之处，和不一致之处都逃不过的他的眼睛。对这些缺陷他都毫不留情地加以修改，投稿人对此难免会有怨言。
他自己在该刊的投稿则并不很多，主要是简短的通知和评论，最有价值的是一个固定的栏目，“评论的评论”， 是对在欧洲语言和日本语刊物上发表的重要的汉学文章的简介。尤其是，这些评论使得西方汉学家们注意到了主要的日本汉学研究刊物，这些刊物当时并不提供所发表文章的英文简介。
在编辑工作之外，方志彤在辅仁大学和德国学院（wikipedia的中文介绍说是“中德学会”）教德语，也为该学院发行的一份双语期刊，《研究与进步》，作翻译和评论的投稿。该学院还出版了他的德语教材《德文津梁》。
他的唯一嗜好（除了烟草和廉价酒）是他对书的衷爱，上述几项职位给他这一爱好提供了不多的资金。他买的都是旧书，一卷一卷的收集，直到他基本上收全整套《四部丛刊》，以及二十四史，还有数不清的参考书。
他常去逛北京的书店，更不会拉下新年的顺直门（Shun-chih-men,也称顺治门，即宣武门，今无存。）集市上几里长的书摊，在一箱箱的书里翻阅，时不时能捡个漏。他会在冰冷的天气里慢慢地逛着，扫视着一册册书脊，弯腰抽出一本他缺的书。这活需要眼尖，记忆力好且反应快，才能有惊喜的回报。他的朋友们也从他的技巧中获益，他会偶尔买些朋友们需要的书，或者是他们应当需要的书。
通过他在德国学院的工作，在北京的德国汉学家们都知道方志彤，作为一名令人敬畏的汉学家，他的名声也在北京的美国学者中传开了。其中某些人来找他寻求帮助和指导，他都很慷慨地满足他们的要求，且从不收费，哪怕他为此花了很多时间。当他的美国朋友在太平洋战争期间被关押起来的时候，方先生把业余时间用于对《资治通鉴》中关于三国时期的十章进行校注翻译，把司马光所引用的现存出处全部考证出来，其成果随后结集出版成两卷本的《三国纪年》（the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms）。他本来打算翻译所有294章，但是这种强加的隔离状态再也没出现，他也就转而从事其它不如此里程碑式的工作去了。
1947年，战争已经结束，他接受了哈佛大学一个中英词典项目的职位，带着他11岁的儿子维民（Wei-ming）来到美国。编一部这样的词典，对方志彤来说，完全没有专业上的问题，只是他的性格有点不适应。为了减轻工作的枯燥，他在他编撰的条目里加上了文学色彩，恰到好处地引用《芬尼根守灵夜》里的语句。例如，“到处拥有孩子”引入象形字“子”的多产【这一段没看懂，翻译肯定不到位】。这一段后来发表在一卷样书中，但是没有包括这个让人眼前一亮的词条。为了减轻编写词典的厌倦，他注册了比较文学的研究生，课题包括英德中三国文学。他的一篇研讨课论文是讨论芬尼根守灵夜中的中国元素。作为一名在职研究生，他化了好几年时间才于1958年完成研究庞德的《比萨诗章》的学位论文.他找到了诗中所有用典的出处。这项课题对他这样在多语种领域内博览群书且目光如炬的人，真是量身订作。
举个简单例子，第11诗章有一行，„der in Baluba das Gewitter gemacht hat,"，这显然是在用典，但是来自哪里？方志彤在Frobenius所著七卷Erlebte Erdteile中发现了它，作者说的是一位非洲萨满的行为。1958年，这部865页的学位论文让他收获了博士学位，也从此成为庞德研究者探索的乐园。但是该论文从来没有正式出版，因为方志彤不太情愿公开记录庞德作品对用典出处的马虎习惯，以免让作者或他妻子难堪，夫妻俩在庞德被拘禁在华盛顿时就认识了方志彤。他几次访问过庞德，并跟庞德有很长的信函来往，他更是庞德认识中国文化的引路人，还是庞德的儒学导师。庞德的诗经翻译，和儒家经典，都由方志彤作序介绍。
哈佛-燕京的词典项目中断以后，方志彤当上了远东语言系的讲师，教授古汉语的高级课程并开设了中国文学理论和艺术评论的研讨课。1975年，他升为高级讲师，这个职称他一直保持到1977年的退休，至此他在哈佛渡过了30年的时光。
书籍是他的一生钟爱。他视两位清朝藏书家为知己者，翻译了他们讲书籍收藏的很有魅力的专著，一本是《藏书十约》（2），一本是《藏书记要》（3）。来美国后，他又开始收集西方图书，不久之后就在波士顿古董商之间有了名声，就象当年他在北京琉璃厂一样。他的兴趣广泛，拉丁和希腊文学（两整套Loeb的经典集，多年来一本一本收齐的，都是旧书乃至有破损的。），一整套拉丁文的圣经时代经典集，古今哲学和文学书籍。对他感兴趣的作者，他是照单全收：乔治圣兹伯里（George Saintsbury）的所有作品，弗吉尼亚伍尔芙所有作品的第一版， 庞德和乔伊斯所著和关于他们的所有出版的书籍，他在办公室里搭起了一排排的书架，家里的大部分房间里也是一样，等到他退休后把办公室里的书在一年里一次一袋书地搬回家了以后，家里的地板几乎要瘫塌。去世前，他在遗嘱中把藏书全捐赠给了北京大学图书馆，之前他已经把没地方放置的5000卷运过去了。
方志彤天生的教师材料，他知识渊博，且毫无保留地分享给他的学生，朋友和同事。与苏格拉底式的教师不同，他坚持原则，很少夸人，到是很象他所敬仰的孔夫子。能被他吸引的学者欣赏的是大师级的指导，同时又不畏惧他严厉的批评。他退休以后，甚至在他最后生病期间，这些人依然来寻求他的帮助。实际上，他去世前一天还跟一名学生谈了一小时。之前三个月，他的癌症被诊断为已经无法手术了，他拒绝了治疗，逝于家中，享年85岁，最后他的身体只剩下一个薄弱的空壳，但是他的记忆力和智力还丝毫无损。一个讲求品德的儒家，如此有尊严地临终，可谓死得其所。
他与马仪思（Ilse Martin）相识于北京，并于1948年结婚，两人育有两个孩子，伯纳德维音（Bernard Wei-yin，音译，下同）和蔓德琳维仙（Madeleine Wei-hsien），在他最后患病期间，两人都在身边照料。他被葬在奥本山公墓（Mt.Auburn Cemetary)，按他要求，葬礼没有举行任何宗教仪式。
约翰绍尔特（John Solt）的一首诗，题献给方志彤。这首诗，捕捉到了一个行走于办公室和家之间的孤独行者的超脱和骨子里的尊严，他被植入两个外族文化中，却能游逸其中如鱼得水，该诗的日期是1984年：
the old Chinese sage
 lit pipe and white hair 
makes his way with crooked cane 
he has seen himself as not here 
so long he has returned 
eyes washed with ocean glimmer 
bird on branch sways 
the past distant 
he climbs hill with 
carved forest in hand 
gliding on centuries 
of fallen leaves 
（诗比较难翻，先放原文的吧）

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*编者注：方志彤从华裔学志第5卷（1940）至第11卷（1946）担任编辑秘书，本刊重组后担任助理编辑，一直到1949年图书馆和编辑部不得不离开中国大陆。在这些年里，方志彤对华裔学志杂志做出很大贡献，华裔学志的编辑们感到有必要纪念这位杰出的共事者。感谢马仪思（Ilse Martin Fang）博士的慷慨，我们能够推出下列纪念方志彤的文章。编辑们非常感谢方夫人为此讣告收集材料，尤其是方志彤的作品目录。我们也要感谢海陶玮教授允许我们发表他写的讣告。同时我们感谢约翰索尔特教授允许重新刊登他的诗作《中国老圣人》。马仪思博士允许我们在讣告后附上一篇方志彤从未发表的评论，这篇评论突出展示了方志彤的博学和学术的精益求精，我们以此来纪念这位非凡的学者。 
罗曼马勒克（Roman Malek）

译注：

（1），原文这里是Kuanghsi Medical College in Nanking，Kuanghsi应该是广西，而Nanking是南京，在江苏，应该是南宁（Nanning）之误。

（2）叶德辉著

（3）孙从添著

 

下面附上英文原文，以供网友对比，敬请指正

OBITUARY Monumenta Serica 45 (1997): 399-413 
ACHILLES FANG: IN MEMORIAM * James Robert Hightower 
Achilles Chih-t'ung Fang (方志彤） was born in 1910 in Korea of a family with Chinese antecedents and he received at home an early education in the Chinese Classics before entering school. In those days of the Japanese occupation of Korea, instruction was in Japanese, a language he acquired then and made use of in his later scholarly work but subsequently refused to speak. He was able to leave Korea with the help of a missionary and went to Shanghai, where he graduated from the American Baptist College at the age of seventeen. He then went to Pe- king to attend National Tsinghua University, majoring in philosophy and classical studies. After graduating in 1932, he continued at Tsinghua for two years of graduate studies before getting a job as instructor in German and Latin at the Kuanghsi Medical College in Nanking. While there he married Irene Pan, and in 1937 they returned to Peking with their infant son to live in the home of his in- laws. His wife died in 1938. 
He found employment as assistant to Fr. Eugen Feifel, S.V.D., managing editor of Monumenta Serica. His work involved checking the translations in the manuscripts submitted to the journal. He had a sharp eye for inaccuracies, non sequiturs, and inconsistencies, which he would correct ruthlessly, not always thereby earning the gratitude of would-be contributors.
His own contributions to the journal were less extensive, consisting of brief notices and reviews and, most useful, a regular section of "Review of Reviews," summaries of important sinological articles in European and Japanese language journals. In particular, these reviews called the attention of Western sinologists to the major Japanese sinological journals, which at that time did not regularly provide English summaries for the articles they published.
Besides his editorial duties on Monumenta Serica, Achilles was teaching German at Fu-Jen University and the Deutschland-Institut, which published a bilingual periodical, Yen-chiu yü chin-pu 研究与进步 (Forschungen und Fort- schritte), to which he contributed translations and reviews. The Institut also pub- lished his Chinese version of the German language textbook Gesprochenes Deutsch （德文津梁）. 
His earnings from these several activities provided a meager fund for the only indulgence he permitted himself (besides tobacco and cheap wine), his passion for books. He bought them secondhand, filling out sets a volume at a time, until he had acquired practically the whole of the Ssu-pu ts'ung-k'an 四部丛刊 as well as most of the Standard Histories, and numerous works of reference.
He frequented the Peking bookstores and never missed the New Year's market outside Shun-chih-men, where a mile-long display of books packed in boxes concealed an occasional underpriced treasure. He would walk along slowly in the frigid winter air, scanning the backs of thin volumes and reaching down to pluck the one title missing from his own collection. It was a feat that combined acute vision, a capacious memory and instant recall that was rewarded with serendipity. His friends benefited from his skill, for he would also pick up an occasional title he knew they wanted - or should want if they knew enough. 
Known to the German sinologists in Peking through his work at the Deutschland-Institut, Achilles' reputation as a formidable scholar of Chinese spread among the American students in Peking. Some of them came to him for advice and help which he generously provided, always refusing remuneration for the time it cost him. When his American friends were interned during the Pacific War, Achilles spent his free time making his elaborately annotated translation of the ten San-Kuo chapters of the Tzu-chih T’ung-chien （资治通鉴）, identifying every source still extant used by Ssu-ma Kuang and translating all parallel passages, a work subsequently published in two volumes as The Chronicle of the Three King- doms. Initially he planned to translate the whole 294 chapters, but conditions of enforced isolation never recurred, and he turned to other, less monumental undertakings.
In 1947, after the end of the war, he accepted an offer from Harvard to work on the Chinese-English dictionary project in Cambridge and emigrated to the United States with his eleven year old son, Wei-ming. Achilles was well qualified for the dictionary work in every way but temperamentally, and to relieve the tedium of the job he resorted to adding a literary dimension to the entries he compiled, using apt quotations from Finnegan' s Wake. "Haveth Childers Everywhere," for example, introduced the multifarious proliferation of the graph tzu 子， later published as a sample fascicle but without the enlivening headings. His boredom with the dictionary was relieved when he enrolled as a degree candidate in Comparative Literature, offering English, German, and Chinese literatures as the required three fields. One of his seminar papers was on the Chinese elements in Finnegan's Wake. It took him several years as a part-time student to complete his dissertation on the Pisan Cantos of Ezra Pound (1958). He tracked down all the allusions in the Cantos, a work admirably suited to his vast reading in many languages and acute detective instincts. One small example: In Canto 11 is the line, „der in Baluba das Gewitter gemacht hat," obviously a quotation, but from what source? Achilles found it in one of the seven volumes of Frobenius' Erlebte Erd- teile, where the author is referring to the activities of an African shaman. The 865 pages of his dissertation, which earned him his Ph.D. in 1958, have been the happy hunting ground for Pound scholars ever since. It was never published, for Achilles was reluctant to document publicly Pound's slovenly way with sources, lest it offend the poet or his wife, with both of whom he had become acquainted during the period of Pound's incarceration in Washington. He visited him several times and carried on a lenghty correspondence, acting as Pound's Chinese informant and guru on matters Confucian. Pound's Shih-ching translation, The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius (1954), carried Achilles' introduction.
After the Harvard-Yenching dictionary project was discontinued, Achilles became Lecturer in the Department of Far Eastern Languages, teaching advanced courses in classical Chinese and offering seminars on Chinese literary theory and art criticism. He became Senior Lecturer in 1975, a position he held until his retirement in 1977, after thirty years at Harvard.
Books were his lifelong passion. He found sympathetic souls in two Ch'ing dynasty bibliophiles and translated their charming essays on the subject of books collecting under the titles "Bookman's Decalogue" and "Bookman's Manual." After coming to the United States he began to acquire a library of Western books and soon was as well known to Boston antiquarian dealers as he had been in Peking's Liu-li ch'ang. His interests were catholic: Latin and Greek literature (two complete sets of the Loeb Classics, acquired one title at a time over the years, all used or damaged remainders), a complete Patrology in Latin, works on philosophy and literature ancient and modern. He pursued congenial writers relentlessly: everything by George Saintsbury, all of Virginia Woolf in first editions, everything in print by or about Pound and Joyce. He set up rows of stacks in his office, as in most rooms of his house, which was threatened with collapse when he gave up his office on retirement and brought the books home, a shopping bagful at a time over the course of a year. Before his death he willed the collection to Peking University Library, after sending an initial shipment of some 5,000 volumes for which he could find no space.
Achilles was a born teacher, chock-full of information which he was always ready to share with students, friends, and colleagues. Not a Socratic kind of teacher, dogmatic rather, and sparing of praise, rather like his admired Confucius. He attracted student disciples who appreciated a master's guidance and were not deterred by biting criticism. They continued to come to him for help after his retirement and even during his last illness. In fact, the day before he died he spent an hour with a student. His cancer was already inoperable when diagnosed three months earlier. He refused treatment and died at home at the age of eighty- five, his body being a fragile shell but with mind and memory still intact. A suitably dignified end for a stoic Confucian moralist.
He married Ilse Martin, whom he had known in Peking, in 1948. They had two children, Bernard Wei-yin and Madeleine Wei-hsien, all of whom attended him during his last illness. He was buried in Mt. Auburn Cemetery, with no religious service, at his request.
A poem by John Solt, inscribed to Achilles, captures the detachment and the essential dignity of a lonely man transplanted into two alien cultures which he successively made his own, as he trudges from his office back home. It is dated 1984: 
the old Chinese sage 
 lit pipe and white hair 
makes his way with crooked cane  
he has seen himself as not here 
so long he has returned 
eyes washed with ocean glimmer 
bird on branch sways 
the past distant
he climbs hill with 
carved forest in hand 
gliding on centuries 
of fallen leaves

 

* Editor's note: Achilles Fang was editorial secretary of Monumenta Serica from vol. v (1940) to vol. XI (1946), and then - after the reorganisation of the editorial office - associate editor, until the library and the editorial office were compelled to leave China in 1949. The journal Monumenta Serica is very much indebted to Achilles Fang for his editorial work during these years. Thus it goes without saying that the editors of Monumenta Serica feel obliged to commemorate this outstanding collaborator. Thanks to the generosity of Dr Ilse Martin Fang we were able to prepare the following materials in memoriam of Achilles Fang. The editors owe much to Mrs. Fang because of her efforts to collect the materials needed for this obituary, especially the bibliography of Achilles Fang. We also thank Professor James Robert Hightower for his permission to publish the obituary of Achilles Fang. At the same time we would like to thank Professor John Solt for the permission to reprint here the poem "The Old Chinese Sage." With kind permission of Dr Ilse Martin Fang we add to this obituary a hitherto unpublished review by Achilles Fang which conspicuously documents his erudition and scholarly precision. This is done to commemorate this extraordinary scholar. Roman Malek